NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener

The Right Honourable Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, ADC, PC (24 June 1850–5 June 1916) was a British Field Marshal, diplomat and statesman. Download high resolution version (485x700, 50 KB)Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener - Project Gutenberg eText 15306 From http://www. ... Download high resolution version (485x700, 50 KB)Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener - Project Gutenberg eText 15306 From http://www. ... The Right Honourable (abbreviated The Rt. ... The Garter is the most recognizable insignia of the Order of the Garter. ... The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick is an order of chivalry associated with Ireland. ... Military Badge of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. ... For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Victoria in 1861. ... On the Orders insignia, St Michael is often depicted subduing Satan. ... The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Victoria in 1877. ... An aide-de-camp (French: camp assistant) is a personal assistant, secretary, or adjutant to a person of high rank, usually a senior military officer or a head of state. ... Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. ... June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 190 days remaining. ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... June 5 is the 156th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (157th in leap years), with 209 days remaining. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... This is a list of Field Marshals of the Kingdom of Great Britain and of the United Kingdom, with their respective years of appointment. ... The term statesman is a respectful term used to refer to diplomats, politicians, and other notable figures of state. ...

Early life

Kitchener was born in Ballylongford, County Kerry in Ireland, son of Henry Horatio Kitchener and Frances Anne Chevallier-Cole. Educated in Switzerland and at the Royal Military Academy, he offered to fight with the French in the Franco-Prussian War before he joined the Royal Engineers in 1871. He served in Palestine, Egypt, and Cyprus as a surveyor, learned Arabic, and prepared detailed topographical maps of the areas. Ballylongford (BÃ©al Ã¡tha longphÃºirt, or â€œFord-mouth of the anchorageâ€ in Irish) is a small village in north County Kerry, Ireland. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: coord}}}_N_{{{west coord}}}_W_{{{region:IE_type:city}}} {{{north coord}}}Â° N {{{west coord}}}Â° W Irish Grid Reference grid}}} {{{irish grid}}} Statistics Province: Munster County: District: County Town: Tralee Code: KY Area: 4,746 kmÂ² Elevation: Population: Website: www. ... The Royal Military Academy was founded in 1741 in Woolwich, south-east London. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually just called the Royal Engineers (RE), and commonly known as the Sappers, is one of the corps of the British Army. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Map of the British Mandate of Palestine. ... The Arabic language (Arabic: â€Ž translit: ), or simply Arabic (Arabic: â€Ž translit: ), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ...

He later served as a Vice-Consul in Anatolia, and in 1884 as an Aide de Camp during the failed Gordon relief expedition in the Sudan. At this time his fiancée, and possibly the only love of his life, Hermione Baker, died of typhoid fever in Cairo; he subsequently had no issue. But he raised his young great-niece Bertha Chevallier-Boutell, daughter of Kitchener's first-cousin, Sir Francis Hepburn de Chevallier-Boutell. Asia Minor lies east of the Bosporus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. ... 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This is about the disease typhoid fever. ...

Egypt, Sudan and Khartoum

He won national fame on his second tour in the Sudan (1886–1899), being made Aide de Camp to Queen Victoria and collecting a Knighthood of the Bath. After becoming Sirdar of the Egyptian Army he headed the victorious Anglo-Egyptian army at the Battle of Omdurman on September 2, 1898, a victory made possible by the massive rail construction program he had instituted in the area. Image File history File links Saw-kitchener. ... Image File history File links Saw-kitchener. ... Sirdar Horatio Herbert Kitchener Sirdar was a rank assigned to the British Commander-in-Chief of the 19th Century Egyptian Army. ... 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... An aide-de-camp (French: camp assistant) is a personal assistant, secretary, or adjutant to a person of high rank, usually a senior military officer or a head of state. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May, 1819 â€“ 22 January, 1901) was the eminent Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June, 1837, and Empress of India from 1 January, 1877, until her death in 1901. ... Military Badge of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. ... Sirdar Horatio Herbert Kitchener Sirdar was a rank assigned to the British Commander-in-Chief of the 19th Century Egyptian Army. ... Combatants Great Britain Sudan Commanders Horatio Kitchener Abdullah al-Taashi Strength 8,000 British, 17,000 Sudanese and Egyptian 50,000 Casualties 48 dead 382 wounded Total: 430 10,000 dead 15,000 wounded 5,000 captured {{{notes}}} At the Battle of Omdurman (September 2, 1898) an army commanded by... September 2 is the 245th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (246th in leap years). ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Kitchener quite possibly prevented war between France and Britain when he dealt firmly but non-violently with the French military expedition to claim Fashoda, in what became known as the Fashoda Incident. The Fashoda Incident (1898) was the climax of imperial territorial disputes between the United Kingdom and France in Eastern Africa. ...

He was created Baron Kitchener, of Khartoum and of Aspall in the County of Suffolk, on 18 November 1898 as a victory title commemorating his successes, and began a programme restoring good governance to the Sudan. The programme had a strong foundation based on education, Gordon Memorial College being its centrepiece, and not simply for the children of the local elites - children from anywhere could apply to study. Map of Sudan with Khartoum Khartoum ( Ø§Ù„Ø®Ø±Ø·ÙˆÙ… al-á¸ªará¹Å«m elephant trunk) is the capital of Sudan, as well as the capital of the state of Khartoum. ... Aspall is a village and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... A victory title is an honorific title adopted by a successful military commander to commemorate his defeat of an enemy nation. ... Gordon Memorial College is an educational institution in Sudan. ...

He ordered the mosques of Khartoum rebuilt and instituted reforms which recognised Friday - the Muslim holy day - as the official day of rest, and guaranteed freedom of religion to all citizens of the Sudan. He went so far as to prevent evangelical Christian missionaries from attempting to convert Muslims to Christianity. The Badshahi Masjid in Lahore, Pakistan with an iwan at center, three domes, and five visible minarets A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ...

Kitchener rescued a substantial charitable fund which had been diverted into the pockets of the Khedive of Egypt, and put it to use improving the lives of the ordinary Sudanese. Khedive (from Persian for lord) was a title created in 1867 by the Ottoman Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz for the then-governor of Egypt, Ismail Pasha. ...

He also reformed the debt laws, preventing rapacious moneylenders from stripping away all assets of impoverished farmers, guaranteeing them five acres (20 000 m²) of land to farm for themselves and the tools to farm with. In 1899 Kitchener was presented with a small island in the Nile at Aswan as in gratitude for his services; the island was renamed Kitchener's Island in his honour. 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Aswan (أسوان Aswān) (24 05 N 32 56 E, population 200,000) is a city in the south of Egypt, the capital of the governorate of the same name. ... Kitcheners Island (now locally known in Arabic as Geziret an-Nabatat, which translates as island of plants; also known as Plantation Island) is a small, oval-shaped island in the Nile at Aswan, Egypt. ...

The Boer War

During the Second Boer War (1899–1902), Kitchener arrived with Lord Roberts and the massive British reinforcements of December 1899. Kitchener was made overall commander in November 1900 following Roberts' removal due to illness. Combatants British Empire Orange Free State, South African Republic Commanders Frederick Roberts later Lord Kitchener Christiaan Rudolf de Wet and Paul Kruger Casualties Military dead:22,000 Civilian dead:N/A Total dead:22,000 Military dead:6,500 Civilian dead:24,000 Total dead:30,500 The Second Boer... 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts of Kandahar, Pretoria and Waterford, VC, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, PC (September 30, 1832 - November 14, 1914) was a distinguished British soldier and one of the most successful commanders of the Victorian era. ... 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ...

Following the defeat of the conventional Boer forces, and the failure of a reconciliatory peace treaty in February 1901 (due to British cabinet veto) that Kitchener had negotiated with the Boer leaders, Kitchener inherited and expanded the successful strategies devised by Roberts to crush the Boer guerrillas. 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Boer is the Afrikaans (and Dutch) word for farmer which came to denote the descendants of the Afrikaans-speaking migrating farmers of the expanding eastern Cape frontier. ...

In a brutal campaign, these strategies removed civilian support from the Boers with a scorched earth policy of destroying Boer farms, building blockhouses, and moving civilians into the first concentration camps. Conditions in these camps, which had been conceived by Roberts as a form of humanitarian aid to the families whose farms he had destroyed, began to rapidly degenerate as the large influx of Boers outstripped the minuscule ability of the British to cope. Despite being largely rectified by late 1901, they led to wide opprobrium both at home and abroad, it's biggest critic being Emily Hobhouse. A scorched earth policy is a military tactic which involves destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy while advancing through or withdrawing from an area. ... A concentration camp is a large detention centre created for political opponents, aliens, specific ethnic or religious groups, civilians of a critical war-zone, or other groups of people, often during a war. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Emily Hobhouse (April 9, 1860â€”June 8, 1926) was a British welfare campaigner who is primarily remembered for shedding light on the abhorent conditions inside the British concentration camps built during the Second Boer War. ...

One of the Boer commandos' most provocative tactics was to steal the uniforms of captured troops and masquerade as British soldiers in order to gain a tactical advantage in battle; in response Kitchener ordered that Boers found wearing British uniforms were to be tried on the spot and the sentence, death, confirmed by the commanding officer. This order - which Kitchener later denied issuing - led to the famous Breaker Morant case, in which several Australian soldiers, including the celebrated horseman and bush poet Lt. Harry "Breaker" Morant, were arrested and court-martialled for summarily executing Boer prisoners and civilians including children and Africans, and also the murder of a German missionary. The French Navy commando Jaubert storm the Alcyon in a mock assault. ... The court-martial of Breaker Morant and his co-accused began on 16 January 1902 and was conducted in several stages. ... Harry Breaker Harbord Morant For the film of the same name, see Breaker Morant (film) Harry Breaker Harbord Morant (1864- 27 February 1902) was an Anglo-Australian drover, horseman, poet and soldier whose renowned skill with horses earned him the nickname The Breaker. ... A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a military court that determines punishments for members of the military subject to military law. ...

Morant and another Australian, Lt. Peter Handcock, were found guilty, sentenced to death and shot by firing squad at Pietersburg on 27 February 1902. Their death warrants were personally signed by Kitchener. The trial and execution remain controversial, especially in Australia, where it is widely believed that the court-martial was flawed, that Kitchener disappeared on tour immediately following the trial in order to prevent a last-minute appeal, and that Morant and Handcock were scapegoats who unfairly took the blame for the killings in order to cover up the extent of Kitchener's no prisoners policy. This situation has been exacerbated by the loss of the court-martial documents relating to the case, leaving only a book written by one of the men found guilty, George Witton, as primary evidence of the proceedings. Polokwane (previously known as Pietersburg) is the capital of Limpopo Province (the province with the greatest increase in growth rate for 2003) in South Africa. ... February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

The Treaty of Vereeniging was signed in 1902 following a tense six months. During this period Kitchener struggled against the Governor of the Cape Colony and the British government; eventually he won a peace of reconciliation that recognised certain rights of the Boers and promised future self-government. (Louis Botha, the Boer leader Kitchener negotiated his aborted peace treaty with in 1901, became the first Prime Minister of the self-governing Union of South Africa in 1910.) The Treaty also agreed to pay for reconstruction following the end of hostilities. Six days later Kitchener was created Viscount Kitchener, of Khartoum and of the Vaal in the Colony of Transvaal and of Aspall in the County of Suffolk. The Treaty of Vereeniging was a treaty that the Boers signed May 31, 1902 to end the war with Britain. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Official language English and Dutch1 Capital Cape Town Largest City Cape Town Area - Total - % water Ranked 1st 569,020 kmÂ² (1910) Negligible Population - Total (1911) - Density Ranked 1st 2,564,965 4. ... Louis Botha Louis Botha (September 17, 1862-August 27, 1919) was an Afrikaner and first Prime Minister of the modern South African state, then called the Union of South Africa. ...

India and Egypt

Following this, Kitchener was made Commander-in-Chief in India (1902–1909), where he reconstructed the greatly disorganised Indian army, against the wishes of the bellicose viceroy Lord Curzon, who became a passionate and lifelong enemy. Kitchener was promoted to the highest Army rank, Field Marshal, in 1910; however, largely due to a Curzon-inspired whispering campaign, he was turned down for the post of Viceroy of India in 1911. He then returned to Egypt as British Governor General of Egypt and the Sudan (1911–1914, during the formal reign of 'Abbas Hilmi II as Khedive (nominally Ottoman Viceroy) of Egypt, Sovereign of Nubia, of the Sudan, of Kordofan and of Darfur). 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (January 11, 1859 – March 20, 1925), was a conservative British statesman who served as Viceroy of India. ... -1... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Khedive (from Persian for lord) was a title created in 1867 by the Ottoman Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz for the then-governor of Egypt, Ismail Pasha. ...

He was created Earl Kitchener, of Khartoum (of which he was already Baron) and of Broome in the County of Kent, on 29 June 1914. Unusually, provision was made for the title to be passed on to his brother and nephew, since Kitchener was not married and had no children. For other places and usages, see Indian Ocean beaches and wonderful dry season climate. ... June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...

World War I

At the outset of World War I, Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith quickly had Lord Kitchener appointed Secretary of State for War. Against cabinet opinion, Kitchener correctly predicted a long war that would last at least three years, require huge new armies to defeat Germany, and suffer huge casualties before the end would come. Public Domain image of original Kitchener WWI Recruitment poster by Alfred Leete ? is it ely public domain, wheres it from, Pre-1928: This image is in the public domain in the United States and possibly other jurisdictions. ... Public Domain image of original Kitchener WWI Recruitment poster by Alfred Leete ? is it ely public domain, wheres it from, Pre-1928: This image is in the public domain in the United States and possibly other jurisdictions. ... Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead:5 million Civilian dead:3 million Total dead:8 million Military dead:4 million Civilian dead:3 million Total dead:7 million The First World... Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead:5 million Civilian dead:3 million Total dead:8 million Military dead:4 million Civilian dead:3 million Total dead:7 million The First World... The Right Honourable Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, KG, PC (12 September 1852â€“15 February 1928) served as the Liberal Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 to 1916. ... The secretary of war in cabinet position was Henry Knox. ...

A massive recruitment campaign began, which soon featured a distinctive poster of himself, taken from a magazine front cover. It has proved to be one of the most enduring images of World War I and could have encouraged large numbers of volunteers, although it has often been parodied since. A World War I recruitment poster featuring Kitchener. ...

In an effort to find a way to relieve pressure on the Western front, he proposed an invasion of Iskenderun with ANZAC, New Army and Indian troops. Alexandretta was an area with a large Christian population and was the strategic centre of the Ottoman Empire's railway network - its capture would have cut the empire in two. Yet he was eventually persuaded to support Winston Churchill's disastrous Gallipoli campaign in 1915–1916. That failure, combined with the Shell Crisis of 1915, was to deal Kitchener's political reputation a heavy blow; he offered to resign but Asquith refused, although responsibility for munitions was moved to a new ministry headed by David Lloyd George. In May 1916 preparations were made for Kitchener and Lloyd George to visit Russia on a diplomatic mission. Lloyd George was otherwise engaged with his new Ministry and so it was decided to send Kitchener alone. Ä°skenderun, formerly known in the west as Alexandretta or previously as Scanderoon (Arabic Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³ÙƒÙ†Ø¯Ø±ÙˆÙ† al-Ê¼IskandarÅ«n), is a city in the Turkish province of Hatay. ... The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (popularly abbreviated as ANZAC) was originally an army corps of Australian and New Zealand troops who fought in World War I at Gallipoli, in the Middle East and on the Western Front. ... Following the outbreak of hostilities in the Great War the then British Secretary of State for War Horatio Kitchener, Lord Kitchener of Khartoum, advised forming a volunteer army of a million men. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanl... Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC (30 November 1874 â€“ 24 January 1965) was a British politician and author, best known as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. ... Satellite image of the Gallipoli peninsula and surrounding area Gallipoli, called Gelibolu in modern Turkish, (Greek: ÎšÎ±Î»Î»Î¯Ï€Î¿Î»Î¹Ï‚), is a town in northwestern Turkey. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Poo Crisis of 1915 brought down the government of the United Kingdom (then engaged in World War I) because it was widely perceived that the production of artillery shells for use by the British Army was inadequate. ... David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, OM, PC (17 January 1863 â€“ 26 March 1945) was a British statesman and the last member of the Liberal Party to be Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

A week before his death Kitchener confided to Lord Derby that he intended to press relentlessly for a peace of reconciliation, regardless of his position, when the war was over, as he feared that the politicians would make a bad peace. Edward George Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby (4 April 1865 - 4 February 1948) was an English politician around the turn of the 20th century. ...

On 4 June 1916, he personally answered questions asked by politicians about his running of the war effort; at the start of hostilities Kitchener ordered 2 million rifles with various US arms manufacturers. Only 480 of these rifles had arrived in the UK by 4th June 1916. The numbers of shells supplied were no less paltry. Kitchener explained the efforts he had made in order to secure alternative supplies. He received a resounding vote of thanks from the 200+ MPs who had arrived to question him, both for his candour and for his efforts to keep the troops armed; Sir George Arthur, who, a week before, had introduced the failed vote of censure in the House of Commons against Kitchener's running of the War Department, personally seconded the motion. June 4 is the 155th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (156th in leap years), with 210 days remaining. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a parliament; in the Westminster system, specifically to the lower house. ... British House of Commons Canadian House of Commons In some bicameral parliaments of a Westminster System, the House of Commons has historically been the name of the elected lower house. ...

Death

At Scapa Flow, Lord Kitchener embarked aboard the armoured cruiser HMS Hampshire for his diplomatic mission to Russia. On 5 June 1916, while en route to the Russian port of Arkhangelsk, Hampshire struck a mine during a Force 9 gale and sank west of the Orkney Islands. Kitchener, his staff, and 643 of the crew of 655 were drowned or died of exposure. His body was never found. The same day, the last Division of Kitchener's New Army crossed the channel to take up its positions in Flanders and France where, eventually, and despite numerous setbacks, they helped to defeat Germany in 1918. Scapa Flow is a body of water in the Orkney Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom. ... The armored cruiser was a naval cruiser protected by armor on its sides as well as on the decks and gun positions. ... HMS Hampshire was a Devonshire-class armoured cruiser of the Royal Navy. ... June 5 is the 156th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (157th in leap years), with 209 days remaining. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Arkhangelsk (Russian: ), formerly called Archangel in English, is a city in and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. ... The Beaufort scale is an empirical measure for the intensity of the wind based mainly on sea-state or wave conditions. ... A gale is a wind of at least 28 knots, 32 MPH, or 51km/h; and up to 55 knots, 63 MPH, or 102km/h. ... The Orkney Islands, usually called simply Orkney, are one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. ... WWI recruitment poster for Kitcheners Army. ... Flanders (Flemish, Fleming) (Dutch: Vlaanderen (Vlaams, Vlaming)) has two main designations: a geographical region in the north of Belgium, corresponding to the Flemish region, a constituent part of the federal Belgian state. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

Following his death the town of Berlin, Ontario, Canada, was renamed Kitchener in his honour. Mount Kitchener in the Canadian Rockies was also named in his honour. A memorial was erected in his honour on the nearby cliffs. Welcome! Hello, Ontario, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. ... Motto: ex industria prosperitas (Latin, prosperity through industry) Official website: http://www. ... Mount Kitchener is located within the Columbia Icefield of Jasper National Park, which is part of the Canadian Rockies. ... Wilcox Pass The Canadian Rockies comprise the Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains range. ...

A month after his death the Lord Kitchener National Memorial Fund was set up by the Lord Mayor of London to honour his memory. It was used to aid casualties of the war, both practically and financially; following the war's end, the fund was used to enable university educations for soldiers, ex-soldiers and their sons, a function it continues to perform today.

"The Man who killed Kitchener"

Kitchener is not remembered in South Africa for his military victories, but instead for the concentration camps that left a gigantic scar across the minds of the Afrikaners as a symbol of deliberate genocide. It has been suggested that Internment be merged into this article or section. ... Afrikaners (sometimes known as Boers) are white South Africans, predominantly of Calvinist German, French Huguenot, Friesian and Walloons descent who speak Afrikaans. ... Genocide is defined by the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) article 2 as any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such: Killing members of the group; Causing...

Theories exist that the mine that sunk the Hampshire on which Kitchener was sailing at the time of his death, was planted by the Boer saboteur and Anglophile by the name of Fritz Joubert Duquesne (pronounced "doo-cain") who harbored such an intense hatred toward England, that it caused him to offer his services as spy and saboteur to Germany during both world wars. Boer is the Afrikaans (and Dutch) word for farmer which came to denote the descendants of the Afrikaans-speaking migrating farmers of the expanding eastern Cape frontier. ... An Anglophile is a non-English person who is fond of English culture and England in general. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location (dark green) within the United Kingdom (light green), with the Republic of Ireland (blue) to its west Languages None official English de facto Capital None official London de facto Largest city London Area â€“ Total Ranked...

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