NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson

Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, KB (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was a British admiral famous for his participation in the Napoleonic Wars, most notably in the Battle of Trafalgar, a decisive British victory in the war, during which he lost his life.^[1] Nelson went against the conventional tactics of the time by cutting through the enemy's lines. Nelson was noted for his ability to inspire and bring out the best in his men, to the point that it gained a name: "The Nelson Touch". His actions during these wars and his heroic image as a one-armed, one-eyed patriot, ensured that before and after his death he was revered. is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1758 (MDCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Thomas Jefferson. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Lemuel Francis Abbot was an English portrait painter, famous for his portrait of Horatio Nelson (currently hanging in the Terracotta Room of number 10 Downing Street) and for those of other naval officers and literary figures of the 18th century. ... Burnham Thorpe is a small village on the River Burn and near the coast of Norfolk in England. ... Norfolk (pronounced ) is a low-lying county in East Anglia in the east of southern England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Combatants United Kingdom First French Empire Kingdom of Spain Commanders Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson â€ Pierre Charles Silvestre de Villeneuve Strength 27 ships of the line and 6 others. ... This article is about the historical state called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801â€“1927). ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... Vice Admiral is a naval rank of three star level, equivalent to Lieutenant General in seniority. ... There are three Battles of Cape St Vincent The Battle of Cape St Vincent, 14 February 1797 by Robert Cleveley, painted 1798, shows the end of the battle with the captured Spanish ship Salvador del Mundo in the right foreground. ... Combatants Britain France Commanders Horatio Nelson FranÃ§ois-Paul Brueys DAigalliersâ€ Strength 14 ships of the line: * 13 x 74-gun, * 1 x 50-gun, 1 sloop 13 ships of the line: * 1 x 120-gun, * 3 x 80-gun, * 9 x 74gun, 4 frigates, some smaller Casualties 218... Combatants Britain Spain Commanders Horatio Nelson Antonio GutiÃ©rrez Strength 4,000 regulars and sailors 400 guns 1,700 regulars, militia, and sailors 91 guns Casualties 250 dead 128 wounded 30 dead 40 wounded The Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife was a British attack on the Spanish port city... Combatants Great Britain Denmark-Norway Commanders Admiral Sir Hyde Parker Lord Nelson Olfert Fischer, Steen Bille Strength Nelson: 12 ships of the line, 5 frigates, 7 bombs, 6 others Parker (reserve): 8 ships of the line Fischer: 7 ships of the line, 10 others Bille: 17 ships, 1 land battery... Combatants United Kingdom First French Empire Kingdom of Spain Commanders Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson â€ Pierre Charles Silvestre de Villeneuve Strength 27 ships of the line and 6 others. ... Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, KB (29 September 1758 â€“ 21 October 1805) was a British admiral famous for his participation in the Napoleonic Wars, most notably in the Battle of Trafalgar, a decisive British victory in the war, during which he lost his life. ... Vice Admiral is a naval rank of three star level, equivalent to Lieutenant General in seniority. ... Military Badge of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1758 (MDCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Thomas Jefferson. ... For other uses, see Admiral (disambiguation). ... Combatants Austria[a] Portugal Prussia[a] Russia[b] Sicily[c] Sardinia Spain[d] Sweden[e] United Kingdom French Empire Holland[f] Italy Etruria[g] Naples[h] Duchy of Warsaw[i] Confederation of the Rhine[j] Bavaria Saxony Westphalia WÃ¼rttemberg Denmark-Norway[k] Commanders Archduke Charles Prince Schwarzenberg Karl Mack... Combatants United Kingdom First French Empire Kingdom of Spain Commanders Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson â€ Pierre Charles Silvestre de Villeneuve Strength 27 ships of the line and 6 others. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

In 1798, even though he had been married since 1787, Nelson famously became embroiled in an affair with Emma, Lady Hamilton, the wife of William Hamilton, the British Ambassador to Naples which lasted until his death. Emma became Nelson's mistress, returning to the United Kingdom to live openly with him, and eventually they had a daughter, Horatia. It was the public knowledge of this affair that induced the Royal Navy to send Nelson back out to sea after he had been recalled. By his death in 1805 Nelson had become a national hero, and he was given a State funeral. His memory lives on in numerous monuments, the most notable of which is London's Nelson's Column, which stands in the centre of Trafalgar Square. Emma Hamilton, in one of dozens of portraits by George Romney, at the height of her beauty in the 1780s Emma, Lady Hamilton (born 1761); baptized April 26, 1765 â€“ January 16, 1815) is best remembered as the mistress of Lord Nelson. ... William Hamilton Sir William Douglas Hamilton (December 13, 1730â€“April 6, 1803) was a Scottish diplomat, antiquarian, archaeologist and volcanologist. ... Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... Miniature of Horatia Nelson, c. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Lord Nelson at the top of the column that bears his name Nelsons Column is a monument in Trafalgar Square, London, England. ... Trafalgar Square viewed from the northeast corner. ...

Early life

Horatio Nelson was born on 29 September 1758 in a rectory in Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, England, the sixth of eleven children of the Reverend Edmund Nelson and Catherine Nelson.^[2] His mother, who died when he was nine, was a grandniece of Sir Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Oxford, the de facto first prime minister of the British Parliament.^[3] She lived in the village of Barsham, Suffolk and married the Reverend Edmund Nelson at Beccles church, Suffolk in 1749. is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1758 (MDCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Burnham Thorpe is a small village on the River Burn and near the coast of Norfolk in England. ... Norfolk (pronounced ) is a low-lying county in East Anglia in the east of southern England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Catherine Suckling (1725-67) On moving to Beccles on her fathers death Catherine Suckling met and married the former curate of Beccles, the Reverend Edmund Nelson. ... For other persons named Robert Walpole, see Robert Walpole (disambiguation). ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Barsham Holy Trinity Barsham (grid reference TM395899) is a village and civil parish in the Waveney district of Suffolk, England, with a population of 218 (2001 census). ... Map sources for Beccles at grid reference TM4290 Beccles is a market town in Suffolk within The Broads National Park. ... Suffolk (pronounced ) is a large historic and modern non-metropolitan county in East Anglia, England. ...

Nelson was briefly educated at Paston Grammar School, North Walsham, where he made several lifelong friends, including Levett Hanson, who proved a lifelong correspondent.^[4] Nelson also attended Norwich School, and by the time he was twelve he had enrolled in the Royal Navy.^[5] His naval career began on 1 January 1771 when he reported to the third-rate Raisonnable as an Ordinary Seaman and coxswain. Nelson’s maternal uncle, Captain Maurice Suckling, commanded the vessel. Shortly after reporting aboard, Nelson was appointed a midshipman and began officer training. Nelson found that he suffered from seasickness, a chronic complaint that dogged him for the rest of his life.^[6] The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... , Market Cross, North Walsham (photo by S.Mason) North Walsham is a market town and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. ... Norwich School at Norwich, Norfolk, England, previously King Edward VIâ€™s Grammar School, is one of the oldest schools in the world, with a traceable history as far back as 1096. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... This is one of six ratings (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th) in the rating system of the Royal Navy. ... HMS Raisonnable was a 64-gun 3rd rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, named for the ship of the same name captured from the French in 1758. ... In the Royal Navy in the middle of the 18th century, the term Ordinary Seaman was used to refer to a seaman with between one and two years experience at sea. ... The coxswain (pronounced cox-É™n; often called the cox) is the person in charge of a boat, particularly its navigation and steering. ... Captain Maurice Suckling (1726-88) Maurice Suckling joined the Royal Navy, was in command of Dreadnought 60, in action off Cape FranÃ§ois on October 21, 1757. ... A midshipman is a subordinate officer, or alternatively a commissioned officer of the lowest rank, in the navies of several English-speaking countries. ... Seasickness is hazardous for scuba divers Seasickness is the feeling of nausea and, in extreme cases, vertigo experienced after spending time on a craft on water. ...

Suckling became Comptroller of the Navy in 1775 and used his position to help Nelson's rapid advance.^[3] By 1777 Nelson had risen to the rank of lieutenant and was assigned to the West Indies. During his service as lieutenant he saw action in the American War of Independence.^[8] He was made post-captain in June 1779, at the age of 20. His first command at this rank was the 28-gun frigate HMS Hinchinbroke, newly captured from the French.^[9] Image File history File links Young_Nelson. ... Image File history File links Young_Nelson. ... Look up comptroller in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service or police officer rank. ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ... This article is about military actions only. ... For the Patrick OBrian novel, see Post Captain (novel). ... For the bird, see Frigatebird. ...

In 1780 he was involved in an action against the Spanish fortress of San Juan in Nicaragua.^[1] Though the expedition was ultimately a major debacle, none of the blame was attributed to Nelson, who was praised for his efforts. He fell seriously ill, probably contracting malaria, and returned to Britain for more than a year to recover.^[10] It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Naval operations in the American Revolutionary War. ... Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites. ...

Command

In 1783, Nelson led a 100-man force in a successful attempt to dislodge a French force from the Turks Islands. In 1784 he contemplated standing for Parliament at the General Election that year, but did not do so; he was instead given command of the frigate Boreas, and assigned to enforce the Navigation Act in the vicinity of Antigua. This was during the dénouement of the American War of Independence, and enforcement of the Act was problematic: Now-foreign American vessels were no longer allowed to trade with British colonies in the Caribbean Sea, an unpopular rule with both the colonies and the Americans. After seizing four American vessels off Nevis, Nelson was sued by the captains of the ships for illegal seizure. As the merchants of Nevis supported them, Nelson was in peril of imprisonment and had to remain sequestered on Boreas for eight months. It took that long for the courts to deny the captains their claims, but in the interim Nelson met Frances "Fanny" Nisbet, a widow native to Nevis. Nelson and Fanny were married on 11 March 1787 at the end of his tour of duty in the Caribbean. The Turks and Caicos Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom consisting of two groups of tropical islands in the Caribbean, southeast of the Bahamas, at 21°45N, 71°35W. The thirty islands total 166 sq. ... (Redirected from 1651 Navigation Act) The English Navigation Acts were a series of laws which, beginning in 1651, restricted foreign shipping. ... Map of Central America and the Caribbean The Caribbean Sea (pronounced or ) is a tropical sea in the Western Hemisphere, part of the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of the Gulf of Mexico. ... For other uses, see Nevis (disambiguation). ... is the 70th day of the year (71st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Nelson lacked a command for a few years after 1789. He lived on half pay during this time (a reasonably common occurrence in the peacetime Royal Navy). Then, in 1793, as the French Revolutionary government annexed the Austrian Netherlands (modern Belgium), which were traditionally preserved as a buffer state, Britain went to war. Nelson was recalled to service and given command of the 64-gun Agamemnon in 1793. Image File history File links Lady_Nelson_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16914. ... Image File history File links Lady_Nelson_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16914. ... For other uses, see Nevis (disambiguation). ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ... The French Revolution (1789â€“1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on... HMS Agamemnon was a Royal Navy third-rate ship of the line with an armament of 64 guns. ...

He was first assigned to the Mediterranean, based out of the Kingdom of Naples. In 1794 he was wounded in the face by stones and debris thrown up by a close cannon shot during a joint operation at Calvi, Corsica. As a result, Nelson lost the sight in his right eye. Despite popular legend, there is no evidence that Nelson ever wore an eye patch, though he was known to wear an eyeshade to protect his remaining eye. Capital Naples Government Monarchy King - 1285-1309 Charles II - 1815-1816 Ferdinand I History - Established 1285 - Union with Sicily 1816 The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of southern Italy after of the secession... Calvi from Citadel Calvi is a small town and commune of the Haute-Corse (2B) dÃ©partement, in France. ... For other uses, see Corsica (disambiguation). ...

In 1796 the position of commander-in-chief of the fleet in the Mediterranean passed to Sir John Jervis, who appointed Nelson to be commodore and to exercise independent command over the ships blockading the French coast. Agamemnon, often described as Nelson's favourite ship, was by now worn out and was sent back to the UK for repairs. Nelson was appointed to the 74-gun HMS Captain. In December 1796, on leaving Elba for Gibraltar, Nelson transferred his flag to the frigate Minerve (of French construction, commanded by Captain Cockburn). A Spanish frigate, Santa Sabina, was captured during the passage and Lieutenant Hardy was put in charge of the captured vessel. The following morning, two Spanish ships of the line and one frigate appeared. Nelson at first had no choice but to fight. But Hardy, in order to save his commodore, sacrificed his own ship by drawing the Spanish fire, leaving Nelson free to flee. Santa Sabina was recovered by the Spanish and Hardy was captured.^[11] The Spanish captain who was on board Minerve was later exchanged for Hardy in Gibraltar. In 1797 Nelson and his wife moved to Ipswich, Suffolk. John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent (9 January 1735-14 March 1823) was an admiral in the British Royal Navy. ... Commodore Insignia Rank Pennant Commodore is a rank of the Royal Navy above Captain and below Rear-Admiral. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Elba (bottom centre) from space, February 1994. ... For the bird, see Frigatebird. ... This article is about the naval officer. ... For other uses, see Ipswich (disambiguation). ... Suffolk (pronounced ) is a large historic and modern non-metropolitan county in East Anglia, England. ...

Admiralty

Battle of Cape St Vincent

Nelson then took Captain and joined Sir John Jervis's fleet off Cape St Vincent, and reported the presence of a Spanish fleet that had sailed from Cartagena.^[12] Jervis prepared to give battle and the two fleets met on 14 February. Here Nelson found himself towards the rear of the British line, and realising that it would be a long time before he could get into action, he carried out his first famous act of disobeying orders.^[12] Instead of continuing to follow the line, he wore ship, breaking from the line and heading to engage the Spanish van, consisting of the 112-gun San Josef, the 80-gun San Nicolas and the 130-gun Santísima Trinidad. She engaged all three, assisted by HMS Culloden which had come to Nelson's aid. After an hour of exchanging broadsides had left both Captain and Culloden heavily damaged, Nelson found himself alongside the San Nicolas. He led a boarding party across, crying 'Westminster Abbey! or, glorious victory!' and forced her surrender.^[13] The San Josef attempted to come to the San Nicolas’s aid but became entangled with her. Nelson then took his party from the decks of the San Nicolas onto the San Josef and captured her as well.^[12] As night fell the Spanish broke off and sailed for Cadiz. Four ships had surrendered to the British, two of the them were Nelson's captures. Combatants Great Britain Spain Commanders John Jervis JosÃ© de CÃ³rdoba Strength 15 ships of the line 24 ships of the line Casualties 73 dead 327 wounded Four ships captured 250 dead 550 wounded The naval Battle of Cape St Vincent took place on 14 February 1797, near Cape St. ... John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent (9 January 1735-14 March 1823) was an admiral in the British Royal Navy. ... The Cabo de São Vicente (Cape St. ... Cartagena is the name of two cities: Cartagena, Spain Cartagena, Colombia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... A jibe or gybe is when a sailing boat (yacht) turns its stern through the wind, such that the direction of the wind changes from one side of the boat to the other. ... For other ships with the same name, see HMS Culloden. ... This article is about the Spanish city. ...

Nelson was victorious, but had disobeyed orders. Jervis liked Nelson and so did not officially reprimand him.^[14] However in his official report of the battle he did not mention Nelson. He did though write a private letter to George Spencer in which he said that Nelson 'contributed very much to the fortune of the day'.^[14] Nelson also wrote several letters about his victory, reporting that his action was being referred to amongst the fleet as 'Nelson's Patent Bridge for boarding first rates'.^[13] Nelson's account was later challenged by Rear-Admiral William Parker, who had been aboard HMS Prince George. He claimed that Nelson had been supported by several more ships than he had acknowledged in his attack on the Spanish van, and that by the time he had boarded the San Josef, she had already struck her colours.^[15] Nelson's account of his role prevailed however. The victory was well received in Britain, Jervis was made Earl St Vincent and Nelson was made a Knight of the Bath.^[16] On 20 April he was promoted to Rear Admiral of the Blue. This was not a reward for his actions in the battle, but rather a standard promotion according to his seniority.^[17] The Right Honourable Sir George John Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer KG PC FRS FSA (1 September 1758â€“10 November 1834) was a Whig politician of the late 18th and early 19th century. ... For other ships of the same name, see HMS Prince George. ... The Earl of St Vincent Viscount St Vincent, of Meaford in the County of Stafford, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) Ribbon of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath)[1] is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on May 18, 1725. ... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Admiral is a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, outranked only by the rank Admiral of the Fleet. ...

Action off Cadiz

Nelson was given command of HMS Theseus and on 27 May 1797 was ordered to lie off Cadiz, monitoring the Spanish fleet and awaiting the arrival of Spanish treasure ships from the American colonies.^[18] He soon pressed an attack on the city, carrying out a bombardment and an amphibious assault on 3 July. Personally leading the action, his barge collided with that of the Spanish commander, and a hand to hand struggle ensued between the two crews. Twice Nelson was nearly cut down, both times his life was saved by a seaman named John Sykes who took the blows and was badly wounded. The British then captured the Spanish boat and towed it back to the Theseus.^[18] During this period he prepared a scheme to capture Santa Cruz de Tenerife, aiming to secure a large amount of money from the treasure ship El Principe de Asturias that was reported to have recently arrived. HMS Theseus was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1797 (MDCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Santa Cruz de Tenerife (2005 population 223,148) is a city on the island of Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. ...

Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife

The battle plan called for a combination of naval bombardments and an amphibious landing. The initial attempt was called off after adverse currents hampered the assault and the element of surprise was lost.^[19] Nelson immediately ordered another assault but this was beaten back. He prepared for another attempt though, to take place during the night. He himself would lead one of the battalions. The operation ended in failure. The Spanish were better prepared than had been expected and had secured strong defensive positions.^[20] Several of the boats failed to land in the correct places in the confusion whilst those that did were swept by gunfire and grapeshot. Nelson's boat reached its intended landing point but as he stepped ashore he was hit in the right arm by a musketball, fracturing his humerus bone in multiple places.^[20] He was rowed back to the Theseus to be attended to by the surgeon. On arriving on his ship he refused to be helped aboard, declaring 'Leave me alone! I have got my legs left and one arm.'^[20] He was taken to the surgeon, instructing him to prepare his instruments and 'the sooner it was off the better'.^[20] Most of the right arm was amputated and within half an hour he had returned to issuing orders to his captains.^[21] Combatants Britain Spain Commanders Horatio Nelson Antonio GutiÃ©rrez Strength 4,000 regulars and sailors 400 guns 1,700 regulars, militia, and sailors 91 guns Casualties 250 dead 128 wounded 30 dead 40 wounded The Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife was a British attack on the Spanish port city... The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. ...

Meanwhile a force under Sir Thomas Troubridge had fought their way to main square but could go no further. Unable to return to the fleet because their boats had been sunk, Troubridge had been forced to enter negotiations with the Spanish commander and the British were subsequently allowed to withdraw.^[22] The expedition had failed to achieve any of its objectives and had left a quarter of the landing force dead or wounded.^[22] The fleet remained off Tenerife for a further three days, Nelson fully aware of the extent of his failure and the adverse affect his amputed arm could have on his career. By 16 August his squadron had rejoined Jervis's fleet off Cadiz. Despondantly he wrote to Jervis 'A left-handed Admiral will never again be considered as useful, therefore the sooner I get to a very humble cottage the better, and make room for a better man to serve the state...'^[23] He returned to England aboard HMS Seahorse, arriving at Spithead on 1 September. He was met with a hero's welcome though, the British public had lionised Nelson after Cape St. Vincent and his wound earned him sympathy.^[24] They refused to attribute the defeat at Tenerife to him, preferring instead to blame poor planning on the part of St. Vincent, the Secretary at War or even William Pitt.^[24] Sir Thomas Troubridge, from the painting by Sir William Beechey. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Categories: UK geography stubs ... is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Secretary at War was a position with some responsibility over the administration of the British military. ... William Pitt the Younger (28 May 1759 â€“ 23 January 1806) was a British politician of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. ...

Return to England

Nelson returned to Bath with Fanny, before moving to London in October to seek medical expertise concerning his amputated arm. Whilst in London news reached him that Admiral Duncan had defeated the Dutch fleet at the Battle of Camperdown.^[25] Nelson exclaimed that he would have given his other arm to have been present.^[25] He spent the last months of 1797 recuperating in London, during which he was awarded the freedom of the city and an annual pension of £1,000 a year. He used the money to buy Round Wood Farm near Ipswich, and intended to retire there with Fanny.^[26] Admiral Adam Duncan Adam Duncan, Viscount Duncan of Camperdown (1 July 1731 - 4 August 1804), born in Lundie, Angus, Scotland, and receiving his education in Dundee - defeated the Dutch fleet off Camperdown (north of Haarlem) on 11 October 1797. ... The Battle of Camperdown, 11 October 1797 by Thomas Whitcombe, painted 1798, showing the British flagship Venerable engaged with the Dutch flagship Vrijheid The naval Battle of Camperdown took place on 11 October 1797 during the French Revolutionary Wars, and was a victory for a British fleet under Admiral Adam...

Despite these plans, Nelson was never to live there.^[26] Surgeons had been unable to remove the central ligature in his amputated arm. The ligature had caused considerable inflammation and poisoning, but had come out of its own accord early in December. Nelson rapidly began to recover, and eager to return to sea, began agitating the Admiralty for a command. He was promised the 80-gun HMS Foudroyant but she was not yet ready for sea. He was instead appointed to the 74-gun HMS Vanguard, and Nelson appointed Edward Berry as his flag captain.^[27] French activities in the Mediterranean theatre were concerning the Admiralty. Napoleon was gathering forces for his invasion of Egypt, but his objectives were unknown to the Admiralty. Nelson and the Vanguard were to be dispatched to Cadiz to reinforce the fleet. Nelson hoisted his flag on 28 March 1798 and sailed to join the fleet assembled at Cadiz under Earl St. Vincent. St. Vincent sent him on to Gibraltar with a small force to reconnoitre French activities.^[28] For other ships with the same name, see HMS Foudroyant. ... The fifth HMS Vanguard, was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. ... In the Royal Navy a Captain of the fleet could be appointed to assist an admiral when the admiral had ten or more ships to command. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Great Britain France The Battle of the Pyramids, Louis-FranÃ§ois, Baron Lejeune, 1808. ... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1798 (MDCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Hunting the French

Whilst Nelson was sailing to Gibraltar through a fierce storm, Napoleon had sailed with his invasion fleet, a force under the command of Vice-admiral François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers. When news of this reached St. Vincent, Nelson was reinforced with a number of 74s and ordered him to intercept the French.^[29] Nelson immediately began searching the Italian coast for Napoleon's fleet, but was hampered by a lack of frigates. Napoleon had arrived at Malta and after a show of force, secured the island's surrender.^[30] Nelson made for Malta but had again missed the French, who had already left for Egypt. After a conference with his captains, he decided that Egypt was Napoleon's most likely destination and headed for Alexandria. On his arrival on 28 June though he found no sign of the French. Dismayed, he withdrew and began searching to the east of the port. Whilst he was absent, Napoleon's fleet arrived on 1 July and landed their forces unopposed.^[31] Vice Admiral is a naval rank of three star level, equivalent to Lieutenant General in seniority. ... Vice-Admiral FranÃ§ois-Paul Brueys DAigalliers, Comte de Brueys, (February 12, 1753 - August 1, 1798) was the French commander in the Battle of the Nile, in which the French Revolutionary Navy was defeated by Royal Navy forces under Admiral Horatio Nelson. ... This article is about the city in Egypt. ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Brueys then withdrew his fleet to Abu Qir Bay, ready to support Napoleon if required.^[32] Nelson had crossed the Mediterranean in a fruitless attempt to locate the French and had returned to Naples to re-provision.^[33] He sailed again, intending to search the seas off Cyprus, but decided to pass close to Alexandria again for a final check. In doing so his force captured a French merchant, which provided the first news of the French, that they had passed south-east of Crete a month before, heading to Alexandria.^[34] Nelson hurried to Alexandria, but again found it empty of the French. Searching along the coast, he finally discovered the French fleet in Abu Qir Bay on 1 August 1798. The AbÅ« QÄ«r Bay (sometimes transliterated Abukir Bay or Aboukir Bay) (Arabic: Ø®Ù„ÙŠØ¬ Ø£Ø¨Ùˆ Ù‚ÙŠØ±; transliterated: KhalÄ«j AbÅ« QÄ«r) is a spacious bay on the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt, lying between Abu Qir and the Rosetta mouth of the Nile. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1798 (MDCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ...

The Battle of the Nile

Nelson immediately prepared for battle, repeating a sentiment he had earlier expressed at the battle of Cape St. Vincent, declaring that "Before this time tomorrow, I shall have gained a peerage or Westminster Abbey."^[35] The French had anchored in a strong position, their combined fire power greater than Nelson's fleet. It was late by the time the British arrived and the French did not expect them to attack.^[36] Nelson instead ordered his ships into the attack. The French had anchored close to a line of shoals, believing that this would secure their port side from attack. Brueys had assumed the British would follow convention and attack the centre from the starboard side. Instead, Captain Thomas Foley aboard HMS Goliath discovered there was room between the shoals and the French ships for a British ship to pass, and took his ship down the gap. The unprepared French found themselves attacked on both sides, as the British fleet split, some following Foley, others passing down the starboard side.^[37] Combatants Britain France Commanders Horatio Nelson FranÃ§ois-Paul Brueys DAigalliersâ€ Strength 14 ships of the line: * 13 x 74-gun, * 1 x 50-gun, 1 sloop 13 ships of the line: * 1 x 120-gun, * 3 x 80-gun, * 9 x 74gun, 4 frigates, some smaller Casualties 218... Port is the nautical term (used on boats and ships) that refers to the left side of a ship, as perceived by a person facing towards the bow (the front of the vessel). ... A view of the Starboard side of the Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyer USS Ross Starboard is the nautical term that refers to the right side of a vessel as perceived by a person on board the ship and facing the bow (front). ... For other ships with the same name, see HMS Goliath. ...

The rest of the fleet were soon in action, passing down the line and engaging the French one by one. Nelson aboard the Vanguard engaged the Spartiate, coming under fire fromthe Aquilon as he did so. He was with Berry on the quarter-deck at about eight o'clock when he was struck on the forehead by a piece of French shot. He fell to the deck, a flap of skin covering his good eye. Blinded and half stunned, he felt sure he would die. He cried out "I am killed. Remember me to my wife." He was taken below to be seen by the surgeon.^[38] After an examination the wound was pronounced non-threatening and was temporarily patched up. Meanwhile the French van, pounded by British fire from both sides had begun to surrender. The British ships continued to move down the line, bringing Brueys's 118-gun flagship Orient under constant fire. The Orient caught fire and later exploded. The remaining French ships attempted to escape and the battle was won. Nelson, who had come up on deck to continue directing the battle and had witnessed the end of the Orient was taken below again.^[37] Download high resolution version (1000x624, 140 KB)Battle of the Nile, August 1st 1798 at 10pm -- a painting by Luny Thomas. ... Download high resolution version (1000x624, 140 KB)Battle of the Nile, August 1st 1798 at 10pm -- a painting by Luny Thomas. ... Combatants Britain France Commanders Horatio Nelson FranÃ§ois-Paul Brueys DAigalliersâ€ Strength 14 ships of the line: * 13 x 74-gun, * 1 x 50-gun, 1 sloop 13 ships of the line: * 1 x 120-gun, * 3 x 80-gun, * 9 x 74gun, 4 frigates, some smaller Casualties 218... For other ships with the same name, see HMS Spartiate. ... Le Dauphin-Royal was a first-rate 118-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, of the OcÃ©an type, designed by Jacques-NoÃ«l SanÃ©. During the French Revolution, she was renamed Le Sans-Culotte in September 1792, and eventually LOrient in May 1795. ...

The Battle of the Nile was a major blow to Napoleon's ambition's in the east. The fleet had been destroyed; Orient had been burnt, three 74s had been captured and burnt, four 74s and two 80s had been captured and only two ships of the line and two frigates had managed to escape. The forces Napoleon had brought to Egypt were stranded.^[37] Napoleon attempted to march north along the Mediterranean coast but his army was defeated at the Siege of Acre by Captain Sir Sidney Smith. Napoleon then left his army and sailed back to France, evading detection by British ships. Given its huge strategic importance, some historians regard Nelson's achievement at the Nile as the most significant of his career, Trafalgar notwithstanding.^[39] Mediterranean redirects here. ... Combatants England Ottoman Empire France Commanders W. Sidney Smith Napoleon Bonaparte Strength Unknown 8000 Casualties Unknown ~ 2,000 The Siege of Acre of 1799 was a siege of the Turkish-defended, walled city of Acre (now Akko in modern Israel) by Napoleon Bonaparte, future Emperor of France. ... Sir William Sidney Smith KCB (21 June 1764 â€“ 26 May 1840) was the British admiral of whom Napoleon Bonaparte said, That man made me miss my destiny. // Early life and career Sidney Smith, as he always called himself, was born into a military and naval family with connections to the...

Rewards

For the spectacular victory of the Nile, Nelson was granted the title of Baron Nelson of the Nile. (Nelson felt cheated that he was not awarded a more prestigious title; Sir John Jervis had been made Earl of St. Vincent for his part in the Battle of Cape St. Vincent, but the British Government insisted that an officer who was not the commander-in-chief could not be raised to any peerage higher than a barony). Nelson felt throughout his life that his accomplishments were not fully rewarded by the British government, a fact he ascribed to his humble birth and lack of political connections as compared during his lifetime to the Earl of St Vincent or after his death to the Duke of Wellington. Not content to rest on his laurels, Nelson then rescued the Neapolitan royal family from a French invasion in December 1797. During his time in Naples he fell in love with Emma Hamilton, who became his mistress. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Emma Hamilton, in one of dozens of portraits by George Romney, at the height of her beauty in the 1780s Emma Hamilton (Lady Hamilton) (April 26, 1765 - January 16, 1815) is best remembered as the mistress of Lord Nelson. ... Portrait of Miss Willoughby, second half of 18th century. ... John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent (9 January 1735-14 March 1823) was an admiral in the British Royal Navy. ... John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent (9 January 1735-14 March 1823) was an admiral in the British Royal Navy. ... Italic text His Grace Field Marshal the Most Noble Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. ... An invasion is a military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory, or altering the established government. ...

In 1799 Nelson was promoted to Rear Admiral of the Red, the seventh highest rank in the Royal Navy. He was then assigned to the new third-rate Foudroyant. In July he aided Admiral Ushakov with the reconquest of Naples after the Parthenopaean Republic, and was made Duke of Bronte by the Neapolitan king. Some have suggested that a head wound Nelson received at Aboukir Bay was partially responsible for his personal conduct and for the way he managed the Neapolitan campaign. He was accused of allowing the monarchists to kill prisoners contrary to the laws of war. Perhaps Nelson's zeal was due simultaneously to his English hatred of Jacobins and his status as a Neapolitan royalist (as the Duke of Bronte). The Neapolitan campaign is now considered something of a disgrace to his name. Admiral is a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, outranked only by the rank Admiral of the Fleet. ... This is one of six ratings (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th) in the rating system of the Royal Navy. ... For other ships with the same name, see HMS Foudroyant. ... Fyodor Fyodorovich Ushakov - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... The Parthenopaean Republic formed a brief interlude in the history of the Kingdom of Naples, the result of activities of France in the aftermath of Jacobinism to export revolution . Origins of the Republic On the outbreak of the French Revolution King Ferdinand IV of Naples and Queen Maria Carolina did... The district of Bronte in Sicily lies near Mount Etna. ... In the context of the French Revolution, a Jacobin originally meant a member of the Jacobin Club (1789-1794), but even at that time, the term Jacobins had been popularly applied to all promulgators of extreme revolutionary opinions: for example, Jacobin democracy is synonymous with totalitarian democracy. ... The district of Bronte in Sicily lies near Mount Etna. ...

Personal problems and some upper-level disappointment at his professional conduct caused him to be recalled to Britain. He, Emma and William meandered back to Britain via Central Europe (hearing the Missa in Angustiis by Haydn that now bears Nelson's name in Vienna in 1800), and eventually arrived in Britain later in 1800 to a hero's welcome. (Also in 1800 Lord Nelson was appointed High Steward of Ipswich, though he failed to become the town's MP.) The three then lived together openly, and Emma had Nelson's child, Horatia, in 1801. However, public knowledge of Nelson's affair with Lady Hamilton eventually induced the Admiralty to send him back to sea, if only to get him away from her. The Missa in angustiis (also known as the Lord Nelson Mass, Imperial Mass, and other names) is a mass for soloists, chorus, and orchestra, written in 1798 by Joseph Haydn. ... (Franz) Joseph Haydn (in German, Josef; he never used the Franz) (March 31, 1732 – May 31, 1809) was a leading composer of the classical period. ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... // ON MAY 5 1853 MR.FADER HAD SEX WITH A MAN NAME MR WIEN THEN THEY HAD SON NAMEDMRS COTURE AND MR MANOOGIAN WENT INTO MRS HASKELLS OFFICE NAKED AND DANCED AROUND AND MASTERBATED ON HER CHEST AND SHE LICKED IT OFF THEN THEY HAD ORAL SEEX WITH NAPLOEAN OF...

On 1 January 1801 Nelson was promoted to Vice Admiral of the Blue (the sixth highest rank). Within a few months he took part in the Battle of Copenhagen (2 April 1801) which was fought in order to break up the armed neutrality of Denmark, Sweden, and Russia. During the action, his commander, Sir Hyde Parker, signalled to Nelson to break off the action. This was to allow Nelson to retreat if he needed to – he could not legally do so without Parker's command – whilst Parker knew that Nelson would disregard the signal if he could continue the battle.^[40] Nelson ordered that the signal be acknowledged, but not repeated. Legend has it that Nelson turned to his flag Captain, Sir Thomas Foley, and said "You know, Foley, I only have one eye – I have the right to be blind sometimes," and then holding his telescope to his blind eye, said "I really do not see the signal!".^[41] His action was approved in retrospect, following a successful outcome to the battle, and in May he became commander-in-chief in the Baltic Sea. As a reward, he was created Viscount Nelson, of the Nile and of Burnham Thorpe in the County of Norfolk, on 22 May 1801. In addition, on 18 August 1801, he was created Baron Nelson, of the Nile and of Hilborough in the County of Norfolk, this time with a special remainder to his father and sisters.^[42] is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Admiral is a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, outranked only by the rank Admiral of the Fleet. ... The Battle of Copenhagen The Battle of Copenhagen (Danish: Slaget på Reden) was a naval battle fought on 2 April 1801 by a British fleet under the command of Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, against a Danish fleet anchored just off Copenhagen. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Admiral Sir Hyde Parker (1739â€“1807) after the painting by Romney For others of the same name, see Hyde Parker Sir Hyde Parker (1739-1807), second son of Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, 5th Baronet (1714-1782), entered the Royal Navy at an early age, and became lieutenant in 1758, having... Sir Thomas Foley (1757-1833), British admiral and Hero of the Battle of the Nile He entered the British Navy in 1770, and, during his time as midshipman, saw a good deal of active service in the West Indies against American privateers. ... For other uses, see Baltic (disambiguation). ...

Meanwhile, Napoleon was massing forces to invade Great Britain. Nelson was placed in charge of defending the English Channel in order to thwart any such invasion. However, on 22 October 1801 an armistice was signed between the British and the French, and Nelson – in poor health again – retired to Britain where he stayed with his friends, Sir William and Lady Hamilton. The three embarked on a tour of England and Wales, culminating in a stay in Birmingham. They visited Matthew Boulton on his sick bed at Soho House and toured his Soho Manufactory. In 1802 Nelson bought Merton Place, a country estate in Merton, Surrey (now south-west London) where he lived briefly with Emma Hamilton. For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... For the Thoroughbred racehorse of the same name, see English Channel (horse). ... is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... William Hamilton Sir William Douglas Hamilton (December 13, 1730â€“April 6, 1803) was a Scottish diplomat, antiquarian, archaeologist and volcanologist. ... This article is about the British city. ... Matthew Boulton. ... Soho House, Matthew Boultons home in Handsworth, Birmingham, England, is now a museum (opened in 1995), managed by Birmingham City Council, celebrating his life, his partnership with James Watt and his membership of the Lunar Society. ... The Soho Manufactory was an early factory, opening in Soho, Birmingham, England by Matthew Boulton in 1761. ... -1... This article is about the English county. ...

During this period Nelson, who had never succeeded in his aspirations to enter the House of Commons, spoke in support of the Addington government in the House of Lords, although he never held government office. At that time it was not uncommon for military figures to be involved in politics and even hold office (e.g. Wellington, who was briefly Chief Secretary for Ireland).

The Battle of Trafalgar - death and burial

The Peace of Amiens was not to last long and Nelson soon returned to duty. He was appointed commander-in-chief in the Mediterranean. Assigned to HMS Victory in May 1803, Nelson joined the blockade of Toulon, France. He would not set foot on dry land again for more than two years. Combatants United Kingdom First French Empire Kingdom of Spain Commanders Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson â€ Pierre Charles Silvestre de Villeneuve Strength 27 ships of the line and 6 others. ... Download high resolution version (1200x664, 135 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1200x664, 135 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Combatants United Kingdom First French Empire Kingdom of Spain Commanders Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson â€ Pierre Charles Silvestre de Villeneuve Strength 27 ships of the line and 6 others. ... Pococks birds-eye-view painting of the Battle of Copenhagen (1801). ... Download high resolution version (1000x663, 211 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1000x663, 211 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Quarterdeck Office Systems, later Quarterdeck Corporation, was an American computer software company. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2560x1920, 2357 KB) Summary Photographer: User:Ballista Edit Info:HMS Victory (1765) Licensing Talk File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson Battle of... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2560x1920, 2357 KB) Summary Photographer: User:Ballista Edit Info:HMS Victory (1765) Licensing Talk File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson Battle of... The Battle of Trafalgar by J. M. W. Turner (oil on canvas, 1822â€“1824) shows the last three letters of this famous signal flying from the Victory. ... The Battle of Trafalgar by J. M. W. Turner (oil on canvas, 1822–1824) The painting combines events from several times during the battle. ... The Battle of Trafalgar by J. M. W. Turner (oil on canvas, 1822–1824) The painting combines events from several times during the battle. ... The Battle of Trafalgar The Battle of Trafalgar was painted by J. M. W. Turner in 1824. ... Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 1775[1] â€“ 19 December 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style can be said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism. ... The Battle of Trafalgar by J. M. W. Turner (oil on canvas, 1822â€“1824) shows the last three letters of this famous signal flying from the Victory. ... For other ships of the same name, see HMS Victory (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (854x1343, 497 KB) Summary Photographer: User:Ballista Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (854x1343, 497 KB) Summary Photographer: User:Ballista Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... For other ships of the same name, see HMS Victory (disambiguation). ... The Treaty of Amiens was signed on March 25, 1802 (Germinal 4, year X in the French Revolutionary Calendar) by Joseph Bonaparte and the Marquis Cornwallis as a Definitive Treaty of Peace between France and Britain. ... For other ships of the same name, see HMS Victory (disambiguation). ... Toulon or Toulon-sur-mer (Tolon in Provençal) is a city in southern France, and préfecture (capital) of the Var département in the former province of Provence. ...

Nelson was promoted to Vice Admiral of the White (the fifth highest rank) while still at sea, on 23 April 1804. The French fleet slipped out of Toulon in early 1805 and headed for the West Indies. (See Battle of Cape Finisterre (1805) for a summary of this campaign.) A fierce chase failed to turn them up and Nelson's health forced him to retire to Merton in the UK. Within two months Nelson returned to sea. On 13 September 1805 he was called upon to oppose the French and Spanish fleets which had managed to join up and take refuge in the harbour of Cádiz, Spain. Admiral is a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, outranked only by the rank Admiral of the Fleet. ... is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ... The battle of Cape Finisterre was a naval battle of the War of the Third Coalition in the Napoleonic Wars, fought on 22 July 1805 off Cape Finisterre in northwest Spain between a British fleet commanded by Vice Admiral Robert Calder and a French fleet commanded by Admiral Pierre Charles... -1... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Thomas Jefferson. ... Location Location of CÃ¡diz Coordinates : Time Zone : General information Native name CÃ¡diz (Spanish) Spanish name CÃ¡diz Postal code â€“ Website http://www. ...

On 21 October 1805 Nelson engaged in his final battle, the Battle of Trafalgar. Napoleon Bonaparte had been massing forces once again for an invasion of the British Isles, but he decided that his navy was not adequate to secure the Channel for the invasion barges. Thus, Napoleon had started moving his troops for a campaign elsewhere in Europe. On 19 October the French and Spanish fleet set sail from Cádiz, probably because Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, the French commander, had learned that he was to be replaced. Nelson, with twenty-seven ships, engaged the thirty-three opposing ships. is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Thomas Jefferson. ... Combatants United Kingdom First French Empire Kingdom of Spain Commanders Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson â€ Pierre Charles Silvestre de Villeneuve Strength 27 ships of the line and 6 others. ... This is a list of invasions ordered by date. ... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Spanish Navy (in Spanish, Armada EspaÃ±ola) is the maritime arm of the Spanish Military. ... Pierre-Charles-Jean-Baptiste-Silvestre de Villeneuve Pierre-Charles-Jean-Baptiste-Silvestre de Villeneuve (31 December 1763 â€“ 22 April 1806) was a French naval officer during the Napoleonic Wars. ...

Nelson's last dispatch, written on the 21 October, read: is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

As the two fleets moved towards engagement, Nelson ran up a thirty-one flag signal to the rest of the fleet, spelling out the famous phrase "England expects that every man will do his duty". The original signal that Nelson wished to make to the fleet was Nelson confides that every man will do his duty (meaning 'is confident that he will'). The signal officer asked Nelson if he could substitute the word 'expects' for 'confides' as 'expects' was included in the code devised by Sir Home Popham, whereas 'confides' would have to be spelled out letter by letter. Another officer suggested that "England" would be more powerful than "Nelson." Nelson agreed, and the signal was run up Victory's mizzenmast. The Battle of Trafalgar by J. M. W. Turner (oil on canvas, 1822â€“1824) shows the last three letters of this famous signal flying from the Victory. ... Sir Home Riggs Popham (1762 - September 20, 1820), was a British admiral who saw service during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. ... The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical pole which supports the sails. ...

After crippling the French flagship Bucentaure, Victory moved on to the Redoutable. The two ships became entangled, at which point snipers in the fighting tops of Redoutable were able to pour fire down onto the deck of Victory. Nelson was hit from a range of about fifty feet:^[43] a bullet entered his left shoulder, pierced his lung, and came to rest at the base of his spine. Nelson retained consciousness for four hours, but died soon after the battle ended with a British victory. (See Last words.) The bullet that killed Nelson was removed from his body and is now on public display in Windsor Castle. The French sail battleship Bucentaure was the flagship of Vice-Admiral Latouche TrÃ©ville, who died on board on 18 August 1804. ... Built after plans by engineer Jacques-NoÃ«l SanÃ©, the Redoutable was launched as Suffren on May 31, 1791. ...

Victory was towed after the battle to Gibraltar, with Nelson's body preserved in a barrel of brandy. Legend has it that it was French brandy that had been captured during the battle. There was a rumour that on the voyage home to England, sailors drank the contents of the barrel, using tubes of macaroni as straws and then topped it up with wine, as they were toasting to their Admiral. This wasn't the case. The barrel was kept under armed guard and according to eyewitnesses, when it was opened in Portsmouth it seemed well topped up. However the legend was the origin of the Navy phrase "Tapping the Admiral" for the secret consumption of rum.^[43] Upon the arrival of his body in London, Nelson was given a state funeral (one of only eight non-royal Britons to receive the honour – others include the Duke of Wellington) and entombment in St. Paul's Cathedral. He was laid to rest in a wooden coffin made from the mast of L'Orient which had been salvaged after the Battle of the Nile, within a sarcophagus originally carved for Thomas Cardinal Wolsey (when Wolsey fell from favour, it was confiscated by Henry VIII and was still in the royal collections in 1805). For other uses, see Brandy (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Italic text His Grace Field Marshal the Most Noble Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. ... St Pauls Cathedral is a cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London in London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. ... Le Dauphin-Royal was a first-rate 118-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, of the OcÃ©an type, designed by Jacques-NoÃ«l SanÃ©. During the French Revolution, she was renamed Le Sans-Culotte in September 1792, and eventually LOrient in May 1795. ... Combatants Britain France Commanders Horatio Nelson FranÃ§ois-Paul Brueys DAigalliersâ€ Strength 14 ships of the line: * 13 x 74-gun, * 1 x 50-gun, 1 sloop 13 ships of the line: * 1 x 120-gun, * 3 x 80-gun, * 9 x 74gun, 4 frigates, some smaller Casualties 218... The Etruscan Sarcophagus of the Spouses, at the National Etruscan Museum. ... Thomas Cardinal Wolsey, (c. ... Henry VIII redirects here. ...

Last words

Nelson's final words (as related by Victory's Surgeon William Beatty, based on the accounts of those who were with Nelson when he died) were "Thank God I have done my duty." According to Beatty, he repeated these words several times until he became unable to speak. Portrait of Sir Beatty wearing full uniform. ...

In his dying hours, Nelson was also attended by his chaplain, Alexander Scott; his steward, Chevalier; and the purser, Walter Burke. Their accounts have been available to Nelson's modern biographers. In those accounts, Nelson's last words were "Drink, drink. Fan, fan. Rub, rub."^[43] This was a request to alleviate his symptoms of thirst, heat, and the pains of his wounds.^[44] Nelson's steward stood by to fan him and feed him lemonade and watered wine, whilst Dr Scott massaged his chest to ease the pain.^[43] A ships purser, or just purser is the person on a ship responsible for the handling of money on board. ...

It is a common misconception that Nelson's last words were, "Kiss me, Hardy", spoken to the captain of HMS Victory, Thomas Hardy. Nelson did, in fact, say these words to Hardy a short time before his death. Eyewitnesses testified that Hardy kissed the admiral twice: once on the cheek and once on the forehead, as Nelson struggled to remain conscious.^[43] Prior to this Nelson asked his flag-captain not to throw him overboard and to look after 'poor Lady Hamilton'. He then said "kiss me Hardy". After Hardy's first kiss Nelson said, "now I am satisfied". After the second, "who is that?". When he saw it was Hardy he said, "God bless you Hardy." However they were not his last words as Hardy was not present at his death, having been called back on deck.^[43] Some have speculated that Nelson actually said "Kismet, Hardy", but this is unlikely, since the word kismet did not enter the English language until much later, although he may have heard the word used by a Turk. In Nelson's time, the word "kiss" also meant "touch" in the sense of any physical contact, as when two ships come very lightly into contact and are said to kiss each other. Nelson may therefore simply have wanted Hardy to shake his hand or make some other physical gesture. Shortly after "God bless you Hardy", Nelson said, "Thank God I have done my duty", and then finally, "Drink, drink. Fan, fan. Rub, rub." He lost consciousness, the surgeon was called, and Nelson was declared dead at 16:30.^[43] Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy This article is about the naval officer. ... Look up kismet in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Legacy

Nelson was noted for his considerable ability to inspire and bring out the best in his men, to the point that it gained a name: "The Nelson Touch". Famous even while alive, after his death he was lionised like almost no other military figure in British history (his only peers are the Duke of Marlborough and Nelson's contemporary, the Duke of Wellington). Most military historians believe Nelson's ability to inspire officers of the highest rank and seamen of the lowest was central to his many victories, as was his ability to both strategically plan his campaigns and tactically shift his forces in the midst of battle. Certainly, he ranks as one of the greatest naval commanders in military history. Many consider him to have been one of the greatest warriors of the seas. Image File history File links Battle_of_Trafalgar_Poster_1805. ... Image File history File links Battle_of_Trafalgar_Poster_1805. ... John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough (26 May 1650 â€“ 16 June 1722) (O.S)[1] was an English soldier and statesman whose career spanned the reigns of five monarchs throughout the late 17th and early 18th centuries. ... Italic text His Grace Field Marshal the Most Noble Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. ...

It must also be said that his "Nelson touch" also worked with non-seamen; he was beloved in Britain by virtually everyone. (The only people not affected by him were those offended by his affair with Lady Hamilton.) Now as then, he is a popular hero, included in the top 10 of the 100 Greatest Britons poll sponsored by the BBC and voted for by the public, and commemorated in the extensive Trafalgar 200 celebrations in 2005, including the International Fleet Review. Even today phrases such as "England expects" and "nelson" (meaning "111") remain closely associated with English sporting teams. // Not to be confused with the later ITV Greatest Britons show. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... The mayor of Penzance taking part in the re-enactment of the announcement of the death of Nelson from the Union Hotel. ... The International Fleet review The Carriers assembled at the Review. ... The Battle of Trafalgar by J. M. W. Turner (oil on canvas, 1822–1824) shows the last three letters of this famous signal flying from the Victory. ... 111 (One hundred (and) eleven) is the natural number following 110 and preceding 112. ...

Monuments and memorials to Nelson

A number of monuments and memorials were constructed across the country to honour his memory and achievements. The period of British dominance of the seas that his victories were considered to have ushered in led to a continued drive to create monuments in his name across the British Empire. These have taken many forms, the most famous being Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square. For a comprehensive list of the territories that formed the British Empire, see Evolution of the British Empire. ... Lord Nelson at the top of the column that bears his name Nelsons Column is a monument in Trafalgar Square, London, England. ... Trafalgar Square viewed from the northeast corner. ...

Nelson and the Royal Navy

Nelson's memory lives on in the Royal Navy in many ways. The Royal Navy celebrates Nelson every 21 October by holding Trafalgar Day dinners and toasting "The Immortal Memory" of Nelson. His flagship Victory is still kept on active commission in honour of Nelson — it is the flagship of the Second Sea Lord, and is the oldest commissioned Naval ship in the world. She can be found in Number 2 Dry Dock of the Royal Naval Museum at the Portsmouth Naval Base, in Portsmouth, United Kingdom. Download high resolution version (410x751, 228 KB)The Ball which mortally wounded the LAMENTED NELSON - Project Gutenberg eText 15233 Flyer illustrating the musket-ball that killed Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson From: http://www. ... Download high resolution version (410x751, 228 KB)The Ball which mortally wounded the LAMENTED NELSON - Project Gutenberg eText 15233 Flyer illustrating the musket-ball that killed Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson From: http://www. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Second Sea Lord is one of the senior admirals of the Royal Navy. ... Museum of the Royal Navy in the Portsmouth Historic Dockyard section of HMNB Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire. ... Portsmouth Naval Dockyard. ... For other places with the same name, see Portsmouth (disambiguation). ...

The bullet that killed Nelson is permanently on display in the Grand Vestibule of Windsor Castle. The uniform that he wore during the battle, with the fatal bullet hole still visible, can be seen at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich. A lock of Nelson's hair was given to the Imperial Japanese Navy from the Royal Navy after the Russo-Japanese War to commemorate the victory at the Battle of Tsushima. It is still on display at Kyouiku Sankoukan, a public museum maintained by the Japan Self-Defense Forces. This article is about the castle in Windsor. ... The National Maritime Museum, Greenwich The National Maritime Museum (NMM) is the leading maritime museum of the United Kingdom, and one of the most important in the world. ... For Combined Fleet, please see that article. ... Belligerents Russian Empire Principality of Montenegro [1] Empire of Japan Commanders Emperor Nicholas II Aleksey Kuropatkin Stepan Makarov â€ Emperor Meiji Oyama Iwao Heihachiro Togo The Russoâ€“Japanese War (Japanese: Nichi-Ro SensÅ, Russian: Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna, Chinese: RÃ¬Ã©zhÃ nzhÄ“ng, February 10, 1904â€“September 5, 1905) was a conflict... Combatants Empire of Japan Russian Empire Commanders Heihachiro Togo Zinovi Rozhdestvenski # Nikolai Nebogatov Strength 4 battleships 27 cruisers destroyers and auxiliary vessels 8 battleships 3 coastal battleships 8 cruisers Casualties 117 dead 583 injured 3 torpedo boats sunk 4,380 dead 5,917 captured 21 ships sunk 7 captured 6... The Japan Self-Defense Forces ), or JSDF, are the military forces in Japan that were established after the end of World War II. The force has not been engaged in real combat but has been engaged in some international peacekeeping operations. ...

Nelson's descendants

Nelson had no legitimate children; his daughter, Horatia, by Lady Hamilton (who died in poverty when their daughter was 13), subsequently married the Rev. Philip Ward who became clergyman at St Mildred's Church, Tenterden, Kent, and died in 1881. She and Ward had ten children: Horatio Nelson (born 8 December 1822); Eleanor Philippa (born April 1824); Marmaduke Philip Smyth (born 27 May 1825); John James Stephen (13 February 1827–1829); Nelson (born 8 May 1828); William George (born 8 April 1830); Edmund (10 July 1832); Horatio (born 24 November 1833), Philip (born May 1834) and Caroline (born January 1836). Miniature of Horatia Nelson, c. ... Emma Hamilton, in one of dozens of portraits by George Romney, at the height of her beauty in the 1780s Emma Hamilton (Lady Hamilton) (April 26, 1765 - January 16, 1815) is best remembered as the mistress of Horatio Nelson. ... Tenterden is a small town in the Ashford District of Kent, England. ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1827 (MDCCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1828 (MDCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Liberty Leading the People by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1832 (MDCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1833 (MDCCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Because Lord Nelson died without legitimate issue, his viscountcy and his barony created in 1798, both "of the Nile and of Burnham Thorpe in the County of Norfolk", became extinct upon his death. However, the barony created in 1801, "of the Nile and of Hilborough in the County of Norfolk", passed by a special remainder (which included Lord Nelson's father and sisters and their male issue^[45]) to Lord Nelson's brother, The Reverend William Nelson. William Nelson was also created Earl Nelson and Viscount Merton of Trafalgar and Merton in the County of Surrey in recognition of his brother's services, which title is still extant. William Nelson also inherited the Dukedom of Bronté. The Reverend and Right Honourable William Nelson, 1st Earl Nelson (20 April 1757–28 February 1835) was the elder brother of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson. ... The title Earl Nelson, of Trafalgar and of Merton in the County of Surrey, was created in 1805 for William Nelson, older brother of the late admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson. ... The title Earl Nelson, of Trafalgar and of Merton in the County of Surrey, was created in 1805 for William Nelson, older brother of the late admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson. ... The title of Viscount Bridport was created twice in British history. ...

Titles

Nelson's titles, as inscribed on his coffin, were The Most Noble Lord Horatio Nelson, Viscount and Baron Nelson, of the Nile and of Burnham Thorpe in the County of Norfolk, Baron Nelson of the Nile and of Hillborough in the said County, Knight of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Vice Admiral of the White Squadron of the Fleet, Commander in Chief of his Majesty's Ships and Vessels in the Mediterranean, Duke of Bronte in Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Knight Grand Cross of the Sicilian Order of St Ferdinand and of Merit, Member of the Ottoman Order of the Crescent, Knight Grand Commander of the Order of St. Joachim. Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) Ribbon of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath)[1] is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on May 18, 1725. ... The district of Bronte in Sicily lies near Mount Etna. ... The Two Sicilies The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was the new name that the Bourbon king Ferdinand IV of Naples gave to his domain (including Southern Italy and Sicily) after the end of the Napoleonic Era and the full restoration of his power in 1816. ... Motto Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299â€“1326) Bursa (1326â€“1365) Edirne (1365â€“1453) Ä°stanbul (1453â€“1922) Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â€“1326 (first) Osman I - 1918â€“22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers - 1320... The Order of Saint Joachim is a bogus Order of Knighthood. ...

He was a Colonel of the Royal Marines. He was voted a Freeman of Bath, Salisbury, Exeter, Plymouth, Monmouth, Sandwich, Oxford, Hereford, and Worcester. For other uses, see Colonel (disambiguation). ... The Royal Marines (RM) are the marines and amphibious infantry of the United Kingdom and, along with the Royal Navy and Royal Fleet Auxiliary, form the Naval Service [2]. They are also the United Kingdoms amphibious force and specialists in mountain and Arctic warfare. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles. ... , Bath is a small city in Somerset, England most famous for its historic baths fed by three hot springs. ... This article is about the city in the United Kingdom. ... The city of Exeter is the county town of Devon, in the southwest of England, also known as the West Country. ... This article is about the city in England. ... Monmouth (Welsh: Trefynwy) is a town in south Wales, county town of the historic county of Monmouthshire. ... For other uses, see Sandwich (disambiguation). ... This article is about the city of Oxford in England. ... For other uses, see Hereford (disambiguation). ... This article is about the city of Worcester in England. ...

The University of Oxford, in full Congregation, bestowed the honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Law upon Nelson in 1802. The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University), located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... Some universities, such as the University of Oxford, award Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) degrees instead of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) degrees. ...

Nelson was created Duke of Bronte by the King of Naples in July 1799, and after briefly experimenting with the signature "Bronte Nelson of the Nile" signed himself "Nelson & Bronte" for the rest of his life. The title of Viscount Bridport was created twice in British history. ... Capital Naples Government Monarchy King - 1285-1309 Charles II - 1815-1816 Ferdinand I History - Established 1285 - Union with Sicily 1816 The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of southern Italy after of the secession...

Armorial bearings

Arms were originally granted and confirmed on 20 October 1797. The original Nelson family arms were adapted by him to accommodate his naval victories. After the Battle of Cape St Vincent in 1797 Nelson was crowned a Knight of the Bath and granted supporters of a sailor and lion with a rolled up union flag and red ensign in his mouthness. Heraldry is the science and art of describing coats-of-arms, also referred to as achievements or armorial bearings. ... is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1797 (MDCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Later modifications have, in the top of the shield, a palm tree in the centre separating a disabled ship on the left and a ruined fort on the right, indicating the Battle of the Nile in 1798.^[46] ^[47]

Nelson’s motto, Palmam qui meruit ferat, (‘let he who has earned it bear the palm’) is inscribed in a scroll along the bottom.^[48]

Nelson in fiction

Nelson appears, unnamed but recognisable, in Susan Sontag's novel The Volcano Lover: A Romance, which centres on Lady Hamilton's affair with him. Nelson himself appears as a ghost in Amber Benson's and Christopher Golden's Ghosts of Albion. He appears several times in Dudley Pope's Ramage series, sending the young Ramage on a secret mission into France. Pope describes Nelson's voice as high pitched and nasally. He plays a supporting role in Sharpe's Trafalgar by Bernard Cornwell and is the object of the ardent admiration of Captain Jack Aubrey in Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey–Maturin series (brought to the screen in Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World. In the classic literary work Ulysses by James Joyce, he is referred to by the character Stephen Dedalus as the 'one-handled adulterer', when speaking of his namesake monument, Nelson's Pillar. In James A Michener's tome Caribbean, Nelson is the central character of the chapter entitled "A Wedding on Nevis". Barry Unsworth's novel Losing Nelson depicts an obsessive man in the present day who reveres Nelson as an angel-like figure. Image needed Susan Sontag (January 16, 1933 â€“ December 28, 2004) was an American essayist, novelist, filmmaker, and activist. ... Emma Hamilton, in one of dozens of portraits by George Romney, at the height of her beauty in the 1780s Emma, Lady Hamilton (born 1761); baptized April 26, 1765 â€“ January 16, 1815) is best remembered as the mistress of Lord Nelson. ... Amber Nicole Benson, born on January 8, 1977, is an American actress, writer, film director, and film producer. ... Christopher Golden is an American award-winning, bestselling author of such novels as Wildwood Road, The Boys Are Back in Town, The Ferryman, Strangewood, Of Saints and Shadows, and the Body of Evidence series of teen thrillers. ... Ghosts of Albion started as computer-animated web movie series on the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)s website. ... Bernard Cornwell OBE (born February 23, 1944) is a prolific and popular English historical novelist. ... Jack Aubrey (Russell Crowe) on the poster of Master and Commander Rear Admiral Sir John Aubrey, KB, MP, JP, FRS, is a fictional character in the Aubreyâ€“Maturin series of novels by Patrick OBrian. ... Patrick OBrian (12 December 1914 â€“ 2 January 2000; born as Richard Patrick Russ) was an English novelist and translator, best known for his Aubreyâ€“Maturin series of novels set in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars and centered on the friendship of Captain Jack Aubrey and the Irish... The Aubreyâ€“Maturin series, also known as the Aubreyad,[1] consists of a sequence of 20 completed and one unfinished historical novels by Patrick OBrian, set during the Napoleonic Wars and centering on the friendship between Captain Jack Aubrey of the Royal Navy and his ships surgeon Stephen... Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World is a 2003 film directed by Peter Weir and starring Russell Crowe as Jack Aubrey, with Paul Bettany as Stephen Maturin. ... Ulysses is a novel by James Joyce, first serialized in parts in the American journal The Little Review from March 1918 to December 1920, and then published in its entirety by Sylvia Beach on February 2, 1922, in Paris. ... This article is about the writer and poet. ... Stephen Dedalus was James Joyces early pen name and the name of the main character of his early novel Stephen Hero. ... Nelsons Pillar on OConnell Street Nelsons Pillars viewing platform afforded views over Dublin, as this 1964 photograph of OConnell Street attests. ... West Indies redirects here. ... Barry Unsworth (born 1930) is a British novelist who is known for novels with historical themes. ...

Nelson was portrayed on film by Laurence Olivier in That Hamilton Woman (1941), about Nelson's affair with Emma, Lady Hamilton, played by Olivier's then-wife Vivien Leigh - reputedly Winston Churchill's favourite film - and also in the film The Young Mr. Pitt. Peter Finch portrayed him, with Glenda Jackson playing Emma Hamilton, in a 1973 film adaptation of Terence Rattigan's 1970 stage play A Bequest to the Nation. Nelson also appears as a minor character in Abel Gance's Austerlitz (1960). In the 1961 television series, Triton, Nelson was played by Robert James, and in a 1968 version of the same series, he was played by Terry Scully. Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, OM, (IPA: ; 22 May 1907 â€“ 11 July 1989) was an Academy Award, Golden Globe, BAFTA and four-time Emmy winning English actor, director, and producer. ... That Hamilton Woman (1941) -- the original British title was simply Lady Hamilton -- is a historical film drama, produced and directed by Alexander Korda for Alexander Korda Films. ... Emma Hamilton, in one of dozens of portraits by George Romney, at the height of her beauty in the 1780s Emma, Lady Hamilton (born 1761); baptized April 26, 1765 â€“ January 16, 1815) is best remembered as the mistress of Lord Nelson. ... Vivien Leigh, Lady Olivier (November 5, 1913 â€“ July 8, 1967) was a two-time Academy Award winning English actress. ... Churchill redirects here. ... The Young Mr Pitt is a 1942 biopic of William Pitt the Younger. ... Peter Finch (September 28, 1912 â€“ January 14, 1977) was an English-born actor with strong Australian connections. ... Glenda Jackson Glenda May Jackson, CBE, (born 9 May 1936) is a two-time Academy Award-winning British actress and politician, currently Labour Member of Parliament for the constituency of Hampstead and Highgate in the London Borough of Camden. ... Terence Rattigan â€” British Playwright Sir Terence Mervyn Rattigan (June 10, 1911 â€“ November 30, 1977) was one of Englands most important 20th century dramatists. ... Abel Gance (October 25, 1889 - November 10, 1981) was a world-renowned French film director, producer, writer, actor and editor. ... Robert James (1924 - 31 July 2004) was a British actor, who was best known for his television work. ... Terry Scully is a British actor, probably best known for his role as Vic Thatcher in the 1970s television series Survivors. ...

Notes

^ ^a ^b The Nelson Society (2007-02-15). Chronology. Retrieved on 2007-03-02.
^ BBC History - Horatio Nelson. BBC. Retrieved on 2007-03-02.
^ ^a ^b Britannia 11 edition p.352
^ Paston Grammar School, North Walsham, Norfolk, aboutnelson.co.uk
^ The Nelson Society (2007-02-15). Family Life. Retrieved on 2007-03-02.
^ Wake up to Nelson. Nelson FAQ. Retrieved on 2007-03-02.
^ Sugden, Nelson: A Dream of Glory, p. 464.
^ The 1805 Club. My Life - Lieutenant, 1779-1780. Retrieved on 2007-03-02.
^ The 1805 Club. My Life - Captain, 1779-1787. Retrieved on 2007-03-02.
^ Sea Britain 2005. Horatio Nelson - the unconventional hero. Retrieved on 2007-03-02.
^ Milford, Peter. Lieutenant Thomas Masterman Hardy. St Vincent College. Retrieved on 2008-02-05.
^ ^a ^b ^c Coleman, Nelson, p.126
^ ^a ^b Coleman, Nelson, p.128
^ ^a ^b Coleman, Nelson, p.127
^ Coleman, Nelson, p.120
^ Coleman, Nelson, p.130
^ Coleman, Nelson, p.131
^ ^a ^b Hibbert, Nelson, p.118
^ Hibbert, Nelson, p.121
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hibbert, Nelson, p.122
^ Hibbert, Nelson, p.123
^ ^a ^b Bradford, Nelson, p.160
^ Bradford, Nelson, p.162
^ ^a ^b Bradford, Nelson, p.164
^ ^a ^b Bradford, Nelson, p.166
^ ^a ^b Bradford, Nelson, p.167
^ Bradford, Nelson, p.168
^ Bradford, Nelson, p.172
^ Bradford, Nelson, p.175
^ Bradford, Nelson, p.176-7
^ Bradford, Nelson, p.188-9
^ Bradford, Nelson, p.192
^ Bradford, Nelson, p.193-4
^ Bradford, Nelson, p.196
^ Bradford, Nelson, p.198
^ Bradford, Nelson, p.200
^ ^a ^b ^c Bradford, Nelson, p.203
^ Bradford, Nelson, p.205
^ Bradford, Nelson, p.209 - Bradford describes it as 'the most complete victory ever recorded in naval history'
^ Pocock (1987) p.236
^ Pocock (1987) p.237
^ David Beamish. List of Peerages. Retrieved on 2007-06-15.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g The Book of General Ignorance, John Lloyd, Chapter on Nelson
^ Pocock, Horatio Nelson, 1987, p.331
^ David Beamish. Specific List of Peerages. Retrieved on 2007-06-15.
^ Nelson’s full arms in a contemporary rendering from UK National Maritime Museum (English). Retrieved on Aug 26, 2007.
^ PortCities London website: full arms (English). Retrieved on Aug 26, 2007.
^ painting c.1805 from UK National Maritime Museum (English). Retrieved on Aug 26, 2007.

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References

EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica, the eleventh edition The EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910â€“1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... Portrait of Sir Beatty wearing full uniform. ... QI: The Book of General Ignorance (UK cover) The Book of General Ignorance is a series of books based on the final round in the intellectual British panel game QI, written by John Lloyd and John Mitchinson. ... Colin White (1952-), British naval historian of Horatio Nelson and the Battle of Trafalgar era, organiser of Trafalgar 200. ...

Contents

Early life

Command

Admiralty

Battle of Cape St Vincent

Action off Cadiz

Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife

Return to England

Hunting the French

The Battle of the Nile

Rewards

The Battle of Trafalgar - death and burial

Last words

Legacy

Monuments and memorials to Nelson

Nelson and the Royal Navy

Nelson's descendants

Titles

Armorial bearings

Nelson in fiction

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Contents

Early life GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Command

Admiralty

Battle of Cape St Vincent

Action off Cadiz

Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife

Return to England

Hunting the French

The Battle of the Nile

Rewards

The Battle of Trafalgar - death and burial

Last words

Legacy

Monuments and memorials to Nelson

Nelson and the Royal Navy

Nelson's descendants

Titles

Armorial bearings

Nelson in fiction

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Early life