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iHornwort Phaeoceros laevis (L.) Prosk. Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Anthocerotophyta Class: Anthocerotopsida Order: Anthocerotales Families & Genera Anthocerotaceae ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1446x1269, 880 KB) Описание Anthoceros levis cf am 5. ... Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[1] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... Johannes Max Proskauer (December 5, 1923 – December 20, 1970) was born in Göttingen, Germany. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta - rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta - zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta - trimerophytes Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta... Anthoceros Folioceros Leiosporoceros Phaeoceros Sphaerosporoceros Dendrocerotaceae Species See text. ... Species Folioceros appendiculatus Folioceros assamicus Folioceros dixitianus Folioceros fuciformis Folioceros glandulosus Folioceros indicus Folioceros kashyapii Folioceros mamillisporus Folioceros mangaloreus Folioceros paliformis Folioceros physocladus Folioceros satpurensis Folioceros spinisporus Folioceros udarii Folioceros vesiculosus Folioceros is a genus of hornworts in the family Anthocerotaceae. ... Species Phaeoceros bulbiculosus(Brot. ... Dendroceros Megaceros Notoceros Notothyladaceae Species See text. ... Species Megaceros aenigmaticusSchust. ... Species Notothylas anaporata Notothylas breutellii Notothylas chaudhurii Notothylas dissecta Notothylas flabellata Notothylas himalayensis Notothylas indica Notothylas japonicus Notothylas javanicus Notothylas khasiana Notothylas levieri Notothylas orbicularis Notothylas pandei Notothylas pfleidereri Notothylas is a genus of hornworts in the family Notothyladaceae. ... Notothylas Hornworts are a group of bryophytes, or non-vascular plants, comprising the division Anthocerotophyta. The common name refers to the elongated horn-like structure, which is the sporophyte. The flattened, green plant body of a hornwort is the gametophyte plant. Species Notothylas anaporata Notothylas breutellii Notothylas chaudhurii Notothylas dissecta Notothylas flabellata Notothylas himalayensis Notothylas indica Notothylas japonicus Notothylas javanicus Notothylas khasiana Notothylas levieri Notothylas orbicularis Notothylas pandei Notothylas pfleidereri Notothylas is a genus of hornworts in the family Notothyladaceae. ... Bryophytes are embryophyte plants (land plants) that are nevertheless non-vascular: they have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems, but they lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids. ... Divisions Simple nonvascular plants   Green algae Complex nonvascular plants   Bryophyta, mosses   Hepaticophyta, liverworts   Anthocerotophyta, hornworts Non-vascular plants is a name for a group of plants. ... In plants that undergo alternation of generations, a sporophyte is the structure, or phase of life, that contains a total complement of chromosomes: The sporophyte produces spores, in a process called meiosis. ... In plants that undergo alternation of generations, a gametophyte is the structure, or phase of life, that contains only half of the total complement of chromosomes: The sporophyte produces spores, in a process called meiosis. ... Hornworts may be found world-wide, though they tend to grow only in places that are damp or humid. Some species grow in large numbers as tiny weeds in the soil of gardens and cultivated fields. Large tropical and sub-tropical species of Dendroceros may be found growing on the bark of trees. Contents 1 Description 2 Life cycle 3 Classification of Hornworts 3.1 Families and genera 4 See also 5 References 6 External links [edit] Description The plant body of a hornwort is a haploid gametophyte stage. This stage usually grows as a thin rosette or ribbon-like thallus between one and five centimeters in diameter. Each cell of the thallus usually contains just one chloroplast per cell. In most species, this chloroplast is fused with other organelles to form a large pyrenoid that both manufactures and stores food. This particular feature is very unusual in land plants, but is common among algae. Haploid (meaning simple in Greek) cells have only one copy of each chromosome. ... In plants that undergo alternation of generations, a gametophyte is the structure, or phase of life, that contains only half of the total complement of chromosomes: The sporophyte produces spores, in a process called meiosis. ... A rosette of leaves at the base of a dandelion In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of the leaves, with all the leaves at a single height. ... Thallus is an undifferentiated vegetative tissue (without specialization of function) of some non-mobile organisms, which were previously known as the thallophytes. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Drawing of the structure of cork as it appeared under the microscope to Robert Hook from Micrographia which is the origin of the word cell. Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green). ... Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis. ... In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. ... Schematic of typical animal cell, showing subcellular components. ... In cell biology, pyrenoids are centers of carbon dioxide fixation. ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta - rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta - zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta - trimerophytes Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta... A seaweed (Laurencia) up close: the branches are multicellular and only about 1 mm thick. ... Many hornworts develop internal mucilage-filled cavities when groups of cells break down. These cavities are invaded by photosynthetic cyanobacteria, especially species of Nostoc. Such colonies of bacteria growing inside the thallus give the hornwort a distinctive blue-green color. There may also be small slime pores on the underside of the thallus. These pores superficially resemble the stomata of other plants. Mucilage is a thick gluey substance, often produced by plants. ... Leaf. ... Orders The taxonomy of the Cyanobacteria is currently under revision. ... Species See text. ... This is not about surgically created bowel openings; see stoma (medicine) In botany, a stoma (also stomate; plural stomata) is a tiny opening or pore, found mostly on the undersurface of a plant leaf, and used for gas exchange. ... Spores of Phaeoceros sp. showing the Y-shaped triradiate ridge. The horn-shaped sporophyte grows from an archegonium embedded deep in the gametophyte. Hornworts sporophytes are unusual in that the sporophyte grows from a meristem near its base, instead of from its tip the way other plants do. Unlike liverworts, most hornworts have true stomata on the sporophyte as mosses do. The exceptions are the genera Notothylas and Megaceros, which do not have stomata. Image File history File links Phaeoceros_spores. ... Image File history File links Phaeoceros_spores. ... In plants that undergo alternation of generations, a sporophyte is the structure, or phase of life, that contains a total complement of chromosomes: The sporophyte produces spores, in a process called meiosis. ... An archegonium (pl: archegonia) (from the Greek arche = beginning and gonos = born) is a multicellular structure or organ of the gametophyte phase of certain plants producing and containing the ovum or female gamete. ... A meristem is a tissue in plants consisting of unspecialized, youthful cells (meristematic cells) and found in zones of the plant where growth can take place - the roots and shoots. ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta - rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta - zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta - trimerophytes Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta... Orders Haplomitriales Sphaerocarpales Marchantiales Metzgeriales Monocleales Jungermanniales Takakiales Liverworts are non-vascular plants, also called hepatics (scientific name Hepaticophyta). ... SEM photo of stomata, 350x, colorized In botany, a stoma (also stomate; plural stomata) is a tiny opening or pore, found mostly on the under-surface(epidermis) of a plant leaf, and used for gas exchange. ... In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a taxonomic grouping. ... Species Notothylas anaporata Notothylas breutellii Notothylas chaudhurii Notothylas dissecta Notothylas flabellata Notothylas himalayensis Notothylas indica Notothylas japonicus Notothylas javanicus Notothylas khasiana Notothylas levieri Notothylas orbicularis Notothylas pandei Notothylas pfleidereri Notothylas is a genus of hornworts in the family Notothyladaceae. ... Species Megaceros aenigmaticusSchust. ... When the sporophyte is mature, it has a multicellular outer layer, a central rod-like columella running up the center, and a layer of tissue in between that produces spores and pseudo-elaters. The pseudo-elaters are multi-cellular, unlike the elaters of liverworts. They have helical thickenings that change shape in response to drying out, and thereby twist in and thereby help to disperse the spores. Hornwort spores are relatively large for bryophytes, measuring between 30 and 80 µm in diameter or more. The spores are polar, usually with a distinctive Y-shaped tri-radiate ridge on the proximal surface, and with a distal surface ornamented with bumps or spines. Biological tissue is a group of cells that perform a similar function. ... An elater is a cell (or structure attached to a cell) that is hygroscopic, and therefore will change shape in response to changes in moisture in the environment. ... Orders Haplomitriales Sphaerocarpales Marchantiales Metzgeriales Monocleales Jungermanniales Takakiales Liverworts are non-vascular plants, also called hepatics (scientific name Hepaticophyta). ... This article is about the shape. ... Bryophytes are embryophyte plants (land plants) that are nevertheless non-vascular: they have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems, but they lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids. ... A micrometre (American spelling: micrometer, symbol µm) is an SI unit of length equal to one millionth of a metre, or about a tenth of the size of a droplet of mist or fog. ... In zootomy, several terms are used to describe the location of organs and other structures in the body of bilateral animals. ... In zootomy, several terms are used to describe the location of organs and other structures in the body of bilateral animals. ... [edit] Life cycle The life of a hornwort starts from a haploid spore. In most species, there is a single cell inside the spore, and a slender extension of this cell called the germ tube germinates from the proximal side of the spore. The tip of the germ tube divides to form an octant of cells, and the first rhizoid grows as an extension of the original germ cell. The tip continues to divide new cells, which produces a thalloid protonema. By contrast, species of the family Dendrocerotaceae may begin dividing within the spore, becoming multicellular and even photosynthetic before the spore germinates. In either case, the protonema is a transitory stage in the life of a hornwort. Haploid (meaning simple in Greek) cells have only one copy of each chromosome. ... Can refer to a region of Euclidean 3-space with a specific sign for x, y and z coordinates. ... Rhizoids, in fungi, are small branching hyphae that grow downwards from the stolons that anchor the fungus. ... A protonema (plural: protonemata) is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage (the haploid phase) of a bryophyte life cycle. ... Multicellular organisms are those organisms containing more than one cell, and having differentiated cells that perform specialized functions. ... Leaf. ... Life cycle of a typical hornwort Phaeoceros. Click on the image to enlarge. From the protonema grows the adult gametophyte, which is the persistent and independent stage in the life cycle. This stage usually grows as a thin rosette or ribbon-like thallus between one and five centimeters in diameter, and several layers of cells in thickness. It is green or yellow-green from the chlorophyll in its cells, or bluish-green when colonies of cyanobacteria grow inside the plant. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1417x1579, 634 KB) Summary The image shows the main parts of a hornwort, a sort of plant related to moses. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1417x1579, 634 KB) Summary The image shows the main parts of a hornwort, a sort of plant related to moses. ... In plants that undergo alternation of generations, a gametophyte is the structure, or phase of life, that contains only half of the total complement of chromosomes: The sporophyte produces spores, in a process called meiosis. ... A rosette of leaves at the base of a dandelion In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of the leaves, with all the leaves at a single height. ... Thallus is an undifferentiated vegetative tissue (without specialization of function) of some non-mobile organisms, which were previously known as the thallophytes. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Chlorophyll is a green photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. ... When the gametophyte has grown to its adult size, it produces the sex organs of the hornwort. Most plants are monoicous, with both sex organs on the same plant, but some plants (even within the same species) are dioicous, with separate male and female gametophytes. The female organs are known as archegonia (singular archegonium) and the male organs are known as antheridia (singular antheridium). Both kinds of organs develop just below the surface of the plant and are only later exposed by disintegration of the overlying cells. Bryophytes are embryophyte plants (land plants) that are nevertheless non-vascular: they have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems, but they lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids. ... Bryophytes are embryophyte plants (land plants) that are nevertheless non-vascular: they have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems, but they lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids. ... An archegonium (pl: archegonia) (from the Greek arche = beginning and gonos = born) is a multicellular structure or organ of the gametophyte phase of certain plants producing and containing the ovum or female gamete. ... Diagram of antheridium anatomy An antheridium (plural: antheridia) is a structure or organ of the gametophyte phase of certain plants producing and containing the spermatids or male gametes. ... The biflagellate sperm must swim from the antheridia, or else be splashed to the archegonia. When this happens, the sperm and egg cell fuse to form a zygote, the cell from which the sporophyte stage of the life cycle will develop. Unlike all other bryophytes, the first cell division of the zygote is longitudinal. Further divisions produce three basic regions of the sporophyte. A spermatozoon or spermatozoan ( spermatozoa), from the ancient Greek σπέρμα (seed) and ζῷον (living being) and more commonly known as a sperm cell, is the haploid cell that is the male gamete. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The term, longitudinal means front-to-back or top-to-bottom as opposed to transverse which means side-to-side. In automotive engineering, the term, longitudinal refers to an engine in which the crankshaft is oriented along the long axis of the vehicle, front to back. ... At the bottom of the sporophyte (closest to the interior of the gametophyte), is a foot. This is a globular group of cells that receives nutrients from the parent gametophyte, on which the sporophyte will spend its entire existence. In the middle of the sporophyte (just above the foot), is a meristem that will continue to divide and produce new cells for the third region. This third region is the capsule. Both the central and surface cells of the capsule are sterile, but between them is a layer of cells that will divide to produce pseudo-elaters and spores. These are released from the capsule when it splits lengthwise from the tip. == [[Shayla is also a loser]] == In plants that undergo alternation of generations, a sporophyte is the structure, or phase of life, that contains a total complement of chromosomes: The sporophyte produces spores, in a process called meiosis. ... A meristem is a tissue in plants consisting of unspecialized, youthful cells (meristematic cells) and found in zones of the plant where growth can take place - the roots and shoots. ... A sporangium (pl. ... An elater is a cell (or structure attached to a cell) that is hygroscopic, and therefore will change shape in response to changes in moisture in the environment. ... Spores produced in a sporic life cycle. ... [edit] Classification of Hornworts Hornworts were traditionally considered a class within the Division Bryophyta (bryophytes). However, it now appears that this group is paraphyletic, so the hornworts tend to be given their own division, called Anthocerotophyta. The Bryophyta is now restricted to include only mosses. Bryophytes are embryophyte plants (land plants) that are nevertheless non-vascular: they have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems, but they lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids. ... Paraphyletic - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Subclasses Andreaeidae Sphagnidae Tetraphidae Polytrichidae Buxbaumiidae Bryidae Archidiidae Moss on a rock Mosses belong to the non-vascular plants. ... Subclasses Sphagnidae Andreaeidae Tetraphidae Polytrichidae Archidiidae Buxbaumiidae Bryidae Mosses are small, soft plants that are typically 1-10 cm tall, occasionally more. ... There is a single class of hornworts, called Anthocerotopsida, or traditionally Anthocerotae. This class includes a single order of hornworts (Anthocerotales) in this classification scheme. In some other classification schemes, a second order Notothyladales (containing only the genus Notothylas) is recognized because of the unique and unusual features present in that group. Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a taxonomic grouping. ... Species Notothylas anaporata Notothylas breutellii Notothylas chaudhurii Notothylas dissecta Notothylas flabellata Notothylas himalayensis Notothylas indica Notothylas japonicus Notothylas javanicus Notothylas khasiana Notothylas levieri Notothylas orbicularis Notothylas pandei Notothylas pfleidereri Notothylas is a genus of hornworts in the family Notothyladaceae. ... Among land plants, hornworts appear to be one of the oldest surviving groups. There are only about 100 species known, but new species are still being discovered. The number and names of genera are a current matter of investigation, and several competing classification schemes have been published since 1988. In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. ... In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a taxonomic grouping. ... The hornwort Dendroceros crispus growing on the bark of a tree. Image File history File links Dendroceros. ... Image File history File links Dendroceros. ... Species See text. ... [edit] Families and genera Anthocerotaceae Anthoceros Folioceros Leiosporoceros Phaeoceros Sphaerosporoceros Dendrocerotaceae Species See text. ... Species Folioceros appendiculatus Folioceros assamicus Folioceros dixitianus Folioceros fuciformis Folioceros glandulosus Folioceros indicus Folioceros kashyapii Folioceros mamillisporus Folioceros mangaloreus Folioceros paliformis Folioceros physocladus Folioceros satpurensis Folioceros spinisporus Folioceros udarii Folioceros vesiculosus Folioceros is a genus of hornworts in the family Anthocerotaceae. ... Species Phaeoceros bulbiculosus(Brot. ... Dendroceros Megaceros Notoceros Notothyladaceae Species See text. ... Species Megaceros aenigmaticusSchust. ... Species Notothylas anaporata Notothylas breutellii Notothylas chaudhurii Notothylas dissecta Notothylas flabellata Notothylas himalayensis Notothylas indica Notothylas japonicus Notothylas javanicus Notothylas khasiana Notothylas levieri Notothylas orbicularis Notothylas pandei Notothylas pfleidereri Notothylas is a genus of hornworts in the family Notothyladaceae. ... Notothylas Species Notothylas anaporata Notothylas breutellii Notothylas chaudhurii Notothylas dissecta Notothylas flabellata Notothylas himalayensis Notothylas indica Notothylas japonicus Notothylas javanicus Notothylas khasiana Notothylas levieri Notothylas orbicularis Notothylas pandei Notothylas pfleidereri Notothylas is a genus of hornworts in the family Notothyladaceae. ... [edit] See also Embryophyte Bryophyte Divisions Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adders-tongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants The embryophytes are the most familiar... Bryophytes are embryophyte plants (land plants) that are nevertheless non-vascular: they have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems, but they lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids. ... [edit] References Chopra, R. N. & Kumra, P. K. (1988). Biology of Bryophytes. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-470-21359-0. Grolle, Riclef (1983). "Nomina generica Hepaticarum; references, types and synonymies". Acta Botanica Fennica 121, 1-62. Hasegawa, J. (1994). "New classification of Anthocerotae". J. Hattori Bot. Lab 76: 21-34. Renzaglia, Karen S. (1978). "A comparative morphology and developmental anatomy of the Anthocerotophyta". J. Hattori Bot. Lab 44: 31-90. Renzaglia, Karen S. & Vaughn, Kevin C. (2000). Anatomy, development, and classification of hornworts. In A. Jonathan Shaw & Bernard Goffinet (Eds.), Bryophyte Biology, pp. 1-20. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-66097-1. Schofield, W. B. (1985). Introduction to Bryology. New York: Macmillan. Schuster, Rudolf M. (1992). The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, East of the Hundredth Meridian, Volume VI. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. Smith, Gilbert M. (1938). Cryptogamic Botany, Volume II: Bryophytes and Pteridophytes. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. Watson, E. V. (1971). The Structure and Life of Bryophytes (3rd ed.). London: Hutchinson University Library. ISBN 0-09-109301-5. The headquarters of the Cambridge University Press, in Trumpington Street, Cambridge. ... Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago The Field Museum of Natural History, in Chicago, Illinois, USA, sits on Lake Shore Drive next to Lake Michigan, part of a scenic complex known as Museum Campus Chicago. ... [edit] External links Hornwort Web Portal Hornwort biology information Anthocerotophyta description and fossil history at UCMP Hornwort species in the United States and Canada New Zealand Anthocerotae Category: Bryophytes

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	Hornwort at AllExperts (1183 words) Hornworts are a group of bryophytes, or non-vascular plants, comprising the division Anthocerotophyta. Hornworts sporophytes are unusual in that the sporophyte grows from a meristem near its base, instead of from its tip the way other plants do. The spores are polar, usually with a distinctive Y-shaped tri-radiate ridge on the proximal surface, and with a distal surface ornamented with bumps or spines. Hornworts - Introduction (244 words) The name "hornwort" refers to the long thin sporophytes, which are embedded in the top of the plant and remain attached to and continue to grow throughout its life. Hornworts are similar in appearance to the thallose liverworts and are difficult to recognise if the sporophytes are not present there gametophyte range in size from 10 mm to 20 mm along their longest axis. Hornworts are green and strap shaped and do not have any leaves or stem but are attached to the ground by rhizoids.
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