Walter and Reimar Horten were teenage air enthusiasts in Germany between the World Wars, a time in which the Treaty of Versailles limited the construction of military airplanes, and in which German military flying had gone underground, taking the form of civil 'clubs' where students trained on gliders under the supervision of decommissioned World War I veterans. There have been two World Wars, now more commonly known as World War I or First World War (from 1914 to 1918), and World War II or Second World War (from 1939 to 1945). ... The Palace of Versailles, where the treaty was signed. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nikolay II Aleksey Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Robert Nivelle Herbert H. Asquith D. Lloyd George Sir Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna...

This back-to-the-basics education, and an admiration of German avant-aircraft designer Dr. Alexander Lippisch, led the Hortens away from the dominant design trends of the 1920s and '30s, and toward experimenting with alternative airframes -- building models and then filling their parents' house with full-sized wooden sailplanes. The first Horten glider flew in 1933, when both brothers were still in their teens. Alexander Lippisch earned his PhD in 1943 at the University of Heidelberg. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ...

The Hortens' glider designs were extremely simple and aerodynamic, generally consisting of a huge, tailless albatross-wing with a tiny cocoon of a fuselage, in which the pilot lay prone. But the great advantage of the Horten designs was the extremely low parasitic drag of their airframes. They were 'slick' and scalable to high speeds. Parasitic drag is drag caused by moving a solid object through a fluid. ...

By 1939, with Adolf Hitler in power and the Treaty of Versailles no longer in effect, Walter and Reimar had entered the Luftwaffe as pilots. (A third brother, Wolfram, was killed flying a bomber over Dunkirk.) They were also called upon as design consultants, although they suffered a disadvantage in that their reputation was very much grass-roots, among Germany's aeronautical community, rather than through official connections. 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full year calendar). ... Hitler redirects here. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Location within France For the battleship, see Dunkerque Dunkirk (French: Dunkerque; Dutch: Duinkerke; German: Dünkirchen) is a harbour city and a commune in the northernmost part of France, in the département of Nord, 10 km from the Belgian border. ...

The Hortens had made the natural leap to powered flight in 1937, with the twin-engined pusher-prop airplane Ho VII (an earlier glider had a mule engine). The Luftwaffe, however, paid mostly lip service to their designs until 1942, when grudging (and partly under-the-table) support was given to a twin-turbojet-powered fighter/bomber design, designated under wartime protocols as the Horten Ho IX. Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... A British WWI-era F.E.2b pusher. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... Turbojets are the simplest and oldest kind of general purpose jet engine. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The Horten Ho 229, the world's first jet-powered flying wing

Securing the allocation of turbojets was difficult in wartime Germany as other projects carried higher priority due to their rank in the overall war effort. Although the turbojet-equipped Ho IX V2 reached almost 500 mph in trials, the project was soon given over to the theretofore low-tech aircraft company, Gothaer Waggonfabrik, as the Horten Ho 229 (subsequently often erroneously called Gotha Go 229). Gotha Go 229 V1 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Gotha Go 229 V1 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Horten Ho-IX (often erroneously called Gotha Go 229 or Ho 229 due to the identity of the chosen manufacturer of the aircraft) was a late-World War II prototype flying wing fighter/bomber, designed by Reimar and Walter Horten and built by Gothaer Waggonfabrik. ... Gothaer Waggonfabrik (Gotha, GWF) was a German manufacturer of rolling stock established in the late nineteenth century at Warnemünde. ... The Horten Ho-IX (often erroneously called Gotha Go 229 or Ho 229 due to the identity of the chosen manufacturer of the aircraft) was a late-World War II prototype flying wing fighter/bomber, designed by Reimar and Walter Horten and built by Gothaer Waggonfabrik. ...

The Ho 229 was a fighter jet with great potential, but arrived too late to see service. Among other advanced Horten designs of the 1940s was the supersonic delta-wing Ho X, designed as a hybrid turbojet/rocket fighter with a top speed of Mach 1.4, but tested only in glider form (as the Horten Ho XIII).

As the war ended, Reimar Horten emigrated to Argentina, where he continued designing and building sailplanes and one twin-engined flying wing transport, which was unsuccessful commercially. Walter remained in Germany after the war and became an officer in the post-war German Air Force Luftwaffe. Reimar died on his ranch in Argentina in 1994, while Walter died in Germany in 1998. This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ...

Restored examples of the Horten III and Horten VI sailplanes are displayed at the Udvar-Hazy facility of the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) in Washington, DC. The turbojet powered Ho 229 V3 brought to the U.S. as part of Operation Paperclip for evaluation is in storage at the NASM awating possible restoration, and an example of the Horten IV sailplane is located in the "Planes of Fame" aircraft museum in Chino, California. A restored Horten IV is also on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... Operation Paperclip scientists pose together. ... The Horten Ho IV was a German tailless flying wing glider in which the pilot lay in a prone position to reduce the frontal area, and hence drag. ... One of the museums flyable P-51 Mustangs. ... Chino is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. ... Deutsches Museum The Deutsches Museum is one of the worlds largest museums of technology and science. ... Munich (German: , pronounced  ) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria (German: ). Munich is Germanys third largest city and one of Europes most prosperous. ...

See also

• Horten Ho XVIII

The Horten Ho XVIII was a proposed intercontinental bomber that would have been based upon the Horten Ho 229 design. ...

External links

• http://www.nurflugel.com/Nurflugel/Horten_Nurflugels/horten_nurflugels.html
• http://www.twitt.org/Farnborough.html