Cross of the Order of Saint Lazarus

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The Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem originated in a leper hospital founded in the twelfth century by the crusaders of the Latin Kingdom. Today the Order has been engaged in a major program to restore Christianity in Eastern Europe. Millions of dollars worth of food, clothing, medical equipment and supplies have been distributed in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Croatia. Because of this expertise, the European Community commissioned the Order to transport more than one and a half billion dollars in food to the starving in Russia. Image File history File links Lazarus-Kreuz. ... Image File history File links Lazarus-Kreuz. ... Image File history File links Stop_hand. ... Image File history File links Stop_hand. ... Hansens disease, commonly known as leprosy, is an infectious disease caused by infection by Mycobacterium leprae. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... This article is about the medieval crusades. ... Official language Latin, French, Italian, and other western languages; Greek and Arabic also widely spoken Capital Jerusalem, later Acre Constitution Various laws, so-called Assizes of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 by the First Crusade. ... The European Community (EC), most important of three European Communities, was originally founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome under the name of European Economic Community. ...

History

Without doubt there had been before this date leper hospitals in the East, of which the Knights of St. Lazarus claimed to be the continuation, in order to have the appearance of remote antiquity and to pass as the oldest of all orders. But this pretension is apocryphal. These Eastern leper hospitals followed the Rule of St. Basil, while that of Jerusalem adopted the hospital Rule of St. Augustine in use in the West. The Order of St. Lazarus was indeed purely an order of hospitallers from the beginning, as was that of St. John, but without encroaching on the field of the latter. Because of its special aim, it had quite a different organization. The inmates of St. John were merely visitors, and changed constantly; the lepers of St. Lazarus on the contrary were condemned to perpetual seclusion. In return they were regarded as brothers or sisters of the house which sheltered them, and they obeyed the common rule which united them with their religious guardians. In some leper hospitals of the Middle Ages even the master had to be chosen from among the lepers. It is not proved, though it has been asserted, that this was the case at Jerusalem. The silver Anglia knight, commissioned as a trophy in 1850, intended to represent the Black Prince. ... Basil (ca. ... The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430), are several Roman Catholic monastic orders and congregations of both men and women living according to a guide to religious life known as the Rule of Saint Augustine. ... The Knights Hospitaller (also known by such names as Knights of Rhodes, Knights of Malta, Cavaliers of Malta, and Order of St John of Jerusalem) is a tradition which began as a Benedictine nursing Order founded in Jerusalem, following the First Crusade, ca. ... A physician visiting the sick in a hospital. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Jerusalem (31°46′N 35°14′E; Hebrew: (help· info) Yerushalayim; Arabic: (help· info) al-Quds; (alternative Arabic found in Bible translations: أُورْشَلِيم Urshalim)) is an ancient Middle Eastern city on the watershed between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea at an elevation of 650-840 meter. ...

The Middle Ages surrounded with a touching pity these the greatest of all unfortunates, these miselli, as they were called. From the time of the crusades, with the spread of leprosy, leper hospitals became very numerous throughout Europe, so that at the death of St. Louis there were eight hundred in France alone. Only representation of Saint Louis known to be true to life - Early 14th century statue from the church of Mainneville, Eure, France King Louis IX of France or Saint Louis (April 25, 1214/1215 – August 25, 1270) was King of France from 1226 until his death. ...

However, these houses did not form a congregation; each house was autonomous, and supported to a great extent by the lepers themselves, who were obliged when entering to bring with them their implements, and who at their death willed their goods to the institution if they had no children. Many of these houses bore the name of St. Lazarus, from which, however, no dependence whatever on St. Lazarus of Jerusalem is to be inferred. The most famous, St. Lazarus of Paris, depended solely and directly on the bishop of that city, and was a mere priory when it was given by the archbishop to the missionaries of St Vincent de Paul, who have retained the name of Lazarists (1632). ...

The question remains, how and at what time the Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem became a military order. This is not know exactly; and, moreover, the historians of the order have done much to obscure the question by entangling it with gratuitous pretensions and suspicious documents. A military order is a Christian order of knighthood that is founded for crusading, i. ...

The house at Jerusalem owed to the general interest devoted to the holy places in the Middle Ages a rapid and substantial growth in goods and privileges of every kind. It was endowed not only by the sovereigns of the Latin realm, but by all the states of Europe. Louis VII, on his return from the Second Crusade, gave it the Château of Broigny, near Orléans (1154). This example was followed by Henry II of England, and by Emperor Frederick II. This was the origin of the military commanderies whose contributions, called responsions, flowed into Jerusalem, swollen by the collections which the hospital was authorized to make in Europe. Louis VII the Younger (French: Louis VII le Jeune) (1120 – September 18, 1180) was King of France from 1137 to 1180. ... The Second Crusade was the second major crusade launched from Europe, called in 1145 in response to the fall of the County of Edessa the previous year. ... Orléans cathedral, dedicated to the Holy Cross, built from 1278 to 1329; after being pillaged by Huguenots in the 1560s, the Bourbon kings restored it in the 17th century. ... Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189) ruled as Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, and as King of England (1154–1189) and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland, eastern Ireland, and western France. ... Frederick II (December 26, 1194 – December 13, 1250), Holy Roman Emperor of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was pretender to the title of King of the Romans from 1212, unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 until his death in 1250. ...

The popes for their part were not sparing of their favours. Alexander IV recognized its existence under the Rule of St. Augustine (1255). Urban IV assured it the same immunities as were granted to the monastic orders (1262). Clement IV obliged the secular clergy to confine all lepers whatsoever, men or women, clerics or laymen, religious or secular, in the houses of this order (1265). Alexander IV, né Rinaldo Conti (Anagni, ca. ... Urban IV, born Jacques Pantaléon (Troyes, ca. ... Clement IV, né Gui Faucoi le Gros ( Guy Foulques the Fat or Guido le Gros) (Saint-Gilles-du-Gard, November 23, year uncertain – Viterbo, November 29, 1268), was elected pope February 5, 1265, in a conclave held at Perugia that took four months, while cardinals argued over whether to call...

At the time these favours were granted, Jerusalem had fallen again into the hands of the Muslims. St. Lazarus, although still called "of Jerusalem", had been transferred to Acre, where it had been ceded territory by the Templars (1240), and where it received the confirmation of its privileges by Urban IV (1264). A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... The Old City of Akko in the 19th or early 20th century, looking south-west from atop the Land Wall Promenade, the open space now a parking lot. ... Fresco painting of a Knight Templar The Order of the Knights Templar (also known as Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Latin: paupers commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici) was one of the most famous of the Christian military orders. ...

It was at this time also that the Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem, following the example of the Order of St. John, armed combatants for the defence of the remaining possessions of the Christians in Asia. Their presence is mentioned without further detail at the Battle of La Forbie against the Khwarezmians in 1244, and at the final siege of Acre in 1291. // Prelude The Battle of La Forbie, also known as the Battle of Harbiyah, was fought October 17–October 18, 1244 between the allied armies (drawn from the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the crusading orders, the territory of Homs, and the Ayyubid-ruled Trans-Jordan) and the Egyptian army of Sultan... Chorasmian, also known as Khwarezmian or Khwarazmian, is the name of an extinct northeastern Iranian language closely related to Sogdian. ... Events Sultan Malik al-Muattam razes city walls. ... The Siege of Acre took place in 1291 and resulted in the fall of Acre, the last territory of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. ... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ...

As a result of this catastrophe the leper hospital of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem disappeared; however, its commanderies in Europe, together with their revenues, continued to exist, but hospitality was no longer practised. The order ceased to be an order of hospitallers and became purely military. The knights who resided in these commanderies had no tasks, and were veritable parasites on the Christian charitable foundations.

Things remained in this condition until the pontificate of Innocent VIII, who suppressed this useless order and transferred its possessions to the Knights of St. John (1490), which transfer was renewed by Pope Julius II (1505). But the Order of St. John never came into possession of this property except in Germany. Innocent VIII, né Giovanni Battista Cibo (1432 – July 25, 1492), pope from 1484 to 1492, was born at Genoa, and was the son of Aran Cibo who under Calixtus III had been a senator at Rome. ... Julius II, born Giuliano della Rovere (December 5, 1443 – February 21, 1513), was pope from 1503 to 1513. ...

In France, Francis I, to whom the Concordat of Leo X (1519) had resigned the nomination to the greater number of ecclesiastical benefices, evaded the Bull of suppression by conferring the commanderies of St. Lazarus on Knights of the Order of St. John. The last named vainly claimed the possession of these goods. Their claim was rejected by the Parliament of Paris (1547). Francis I (French: François Ier) (September 12, 1494 – July 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (French: le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... Leo X, born Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (11 December 1475, Florence – 1 December 1521, Rome), pope between 1513 and his death, is known primarily for his failure to stem the Protestant Reformation, which began during his reign when Martin Luther first accused the Roman Catholic Church of corruption. ... Bull or bull has various meanings: Look up bull in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Parlements (pronounced in French) in ancien régime France — contrary to what their name would suggest to the modern reader — were not democratic or political institutions, but law courts . ...

Leo X himself disregarded the value of this Bull by re-establishing Order of St. Lazarus, (1517).

Pius IV went further; he annulled the Bulls of his predecessors and restored its possessions to the order that he might give the mastership to a favourite, Giovanni de Castiglione (1565). But the latter did not succeed in securing the devolution of the commanderies in France. Pius V codified the statutes and privileges of the order, but reserved to himself the right to confirm the appointment of the grand master as well as of the beneficiaries (1567). He made an attempt to restore to the order its hospitaller character, by incorporating with it all the leper hospitals and other houses founded under the patronage of St Lazarus of the Lepers. But this tardy reform was rendered useless by the subsequent gradual disappearance of leprosy in Europe. Pius IV, né Giovanni Angelo Medici (March 31, 1499 – December 9, 1565), pope from 1559 to 1565, was born of humble parentage in Milan, unrelated with the Medicis of Florence. ... Saint Pius V, né Antonio Ghislieri, from 1518 called Michele Ghislieri (January 17, 1504 – May 1, 1572) was pope from 1566 to 1572 and is a saint of the Catholic Church. ... Hansens disease, commonly known as leprosy, is an infectious disease caused by infection by Mycobacterium leprae. ... This article is about the infectious disease also known as Hansens disease. ...

Finally, the grand mastership of the order having been rendered vacant in 1572 by the death of Castiglione, Pope Gregory XIII united it in perpetuity with the Crown of Savoy. The reigning duke, Philibert III, hastened to fuse it with the recently founded Savoyan Order of St. Maurice, and thenceforth the title of Grand Master of the Order of Sts. Maurice and Lazarus was hereditary in that house. The pope gave him authority over the vacant commanderies everywhere, except in the states of the King of Spain, which included the greater part of Italy. In England and Germany these commanderies had been suppressed by Protestantism. France remained, but it was refractory to the claims of the Duke of Savoy. Some years later King Henry IV, having founded with the approbation of Paul V (1609) the Order of Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel, hastened in turn to unite to it the Knights of St. Lazarus obedient to French mastership, and such is the origin of the title of "Knight of the Royal, Military, Hospitaller Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and Knight of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem", which carried with it the enjoyment of a benefice. The King of France was the sovereign head and protector and chose the Grand Master(Concordat 1519). During the reign of Louis XVI the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, not the combined orders, was awarded only to the top three students of the Royal Military School. The orders were separate though they shared the same Grand Master. Although the Order enjoyed a unique relationship with the French Royal House and was officially under the protection of the King of France, it was never a Royal Order. The King's titles as Sovereign, Founder and Protector meant that he was Sovereign and Founder of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and Protector of Saint Lazarus. During the French Revolution. a decree of 30 July 1791 suppressed all royal and knightly orders. Another decree the following year confiscated all the Order's properties (the Château de Boigny, the Military Academy, the commanderies and hospitals). Louis, Count of Provence, Grand Master of the Order, who later became Louis XVIII, continued to function in exile and awarded the Order, though sparingly. While in exile in the Polish province of Mitawa he awarded the Order to Tsars Paul I and Alexander I of Russia, Grand Duke Constantine of Russia, Count Rostopchine and General de Fersen. When the Count of Provence returned to France from exile to reign as Louis XVIII, he gave up the magistracy of the Order and became Protector, as had his predecessors, but appointed no grand master. King Henri V of France was the last de jure royal Protector of that branch of the Order. The Order did not enjoy the protection of the new king and from 1830 the Order was governed by a Council of Officers. Gregory XIII, born Ugo Boncompagni (January 7, 1502 – April 10, 1585) was pope from 1572 to 1585. ... The House of Savoy was a dynasty of nobles who traditionally had their domain in Savoy, a region between Piedmont, Italy, France and French-speaking Switzerland. ... Emmanuel Filiberto, Duke of Savoy (July 8, 1528, Chambéry - August 30, 1580, Turin) was Duke of Savoy from 1553 to 1580. ... The Spanish monarchy, referred to as the Crown of Spain (Corona de España) in the Spanish Constitution of 1978, is the office of the King or Queen of Spain. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the British Isles Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK... Protestantism is a movement within Christianity, representing a splitting away from the Roman Catholic Church during the mid-to-late Renaissance in Europe —a period known as the Protestant Reformation. ... Henry IV of France (French: Henri IV de France; December 13, 1553–May 14, 1610), was the first of the Bourbon kings of France, reigning from 1589 until his death. ... Paul V, né Camillo Borghese (Rome, September 17, 1552 – January 28, 1621) was Pope from May 16, 1605 until his death. ... Look up Sovereign in Wiktionary, the free dictionary The adjective sovereign is used to refer to a state of sovereignty. ... Protector was the second submarine built by pioneering American naval engineer Simon Lake In science fiction, Protector is the title of a novel by American writer Larry Niven, featuring Pak Protectors. ... The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a period in the history of France. ... 1791 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Jelgava (German: Mitau; Russian: Елгава / Митава; Polish: Mitawa) is a town in central Latvia about 41 km southwest of Riga with approximately 66,000 inhabitants. ... Paul I of Russia by Vladimir Borovikovsky Paul I of Russia (Russian: Pavel Petrovich, Павел I Петрович) (October 1, 1754 - March 23, 1801) was an Emperor of Russia (1796 - 1801). ... Aleksander Pavlovich Romanov or Tsar Alexander I (The Blessed), (Russian: Александр I Павлович) (December 23, 1777–December 1, 1825), was Emperor of Russia from March 23, 1801–December 1, 1825 and King of Poland from 1815–1825. ... Louis XVIII (November 17, 1755 - September 16, 1824) was King of France from 1814 (although he declared that he considered his reign to have begun in 1795) until his death in 1824. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Arms of the St. Lazarus Order

In 1841 new Protector of St. Lazarus Order becamed Greek Catholic Patriarch of Jerusalem. He accepted for himself and for his successors. In 1935 don Francisco de Borbón y de La Torre, Duke of Seville was elected Grand Master, re-establishing the office, vacant since 1814. Don Francisco de Borbon y Escasany, 5th Duke of Seville and Grandee of Spain is present Grand Master and His Beatitude Greek Catholic Patriarch Gregory III Laham of Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch and all the East is Spiritual Protector of the Order of St. Lazarus Image File history File links StLazarusWappen. ... Image File history File links StLazarusWappen. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Spanish nobles are classified either as Grandees (also called Peers) or as Titled Nobles. ... Jerusalem (31°46′N 35°14′E; Hebrew: (help· info) Yerushalayim; Arabic: (help· info) al-Quds; (alternative Arabic found in Bible translations: أُورْشَلِيم Urshalim)) is an ancient Middle Eastern city on the watershed between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea at an elevation of 650-840 meter. ... Antiquity and modernity stand cheek-by-jowl in Egypts chief Mediterranean seaport Located on the Mediterranean Sea coast, Alexandria Αλεξάνδρεια (in Arabic, الإسكندرية, transliterated al-ʼIskandariyyah) is the chief seaport in Egypt, and that countrys second largest city, and the capital of the Al Iskandariyah governate. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

To return to the dukes of Savoy: Clement VIII granted them the right to exact from ecclesiastical benefices pensions to the sum of four hundred crowns for the benefit of knights of the order, dispensing them from celibacy on condition that they should observe the statutes of the order and consecrate their arms to the defence of the Faith. Besides their commanderies the order had two houses where the knights might live in common, one of which, at Turin, was to contribute to combats on land, while the other, at Nice, had to provide galleys to fight the Turks at sea. But when thus reduced to the states of the Duke of Savoy, the order merely vegetated until the French Revolution, which suppressed it. In 1816 the King of Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel I, re-established the titles of Knight and Commander of Sts. Maurice and Lazarus, as simple decorations, accessible without conditions of birth to both civilians and military men. This article is about the historical region of Savoy. ... Clement VIII, born Ippolito Aldobrandini (February 24, 1536, Fano, Italy– March 3, 1605, Rome) was Pope from January 30, 1592 - March 3, 1605. ... Turin (Italian: ; Piedmontese: Turin) is a major industrial city in north-western Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the west bank of the Po River. ... City motto: Nicæa civitas. ... The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a period in the history of France. ... 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The House of Savoy was a dynasty of nobles who traditionally had their domain in Savoy, a region between Piedmont, Italy, France and French-speaking Switzerland. ... ...

Grand masters/Adminstrators

1. Gérard de Martigues (108? - 1098)
2. Boyant Roger (1120 - 1131)
3. Jean (... 1131 ...)
4. Barthélémy (... 1153 ...)
5. Itier (... 1154 ...)
6. Hugues de Saint-Pol (... 1155 ...)
7. Raymond du Puy (1157 - 1159)
8. Rainier (... 1164 ...)
9. Raymond (... 1168 ...)
10. Gérard de Monclar (... 1169 ...)
11. Bernard (1185 - 1186)
12. Gautier de Neufchâtel ou de Châteneuf (... 1228 ...)
13. Raynaud de Flory (1234 - 1254)
14. Jean de Meaux (... 1267 ...)
15. Thomas de Sainville (1277 - 1312)
16. Adam de Veau (... 1314 ...)
17. Jean de Paris (1342 - 1349)
18. Jean de Coaraze (... 1354 ...)
19. Jean le Conte (... 1355 ...)
20. Jacques de Besnes alias de Baynes (1368 - 1384)
21. Pierre des Ruaux (1413 - 1454)
22. Guillaume des Mares (... 1460 ...)
23. Jean le Cornu (1469 - 1493)
24. François d'Amboise (1493 - 1500)
25. Agnan de Mareuil (1500 - 1519)
26. François de Bourbon, comte de Saint-Pol (1519 - 1521)
27. Claude de Mareuil (1521 - 1524)
28. Jean Conti (1524 - 1557)
29. Jean de Levis (1557 - 1564)
30. Michel de Seure (1564 - 1578)
31. François Salvati (1578 - 1586)
32. Michel de Seure (1586 - 1593)
33. Armand de Clermont de Chastes (1593 - 1603)
34. Charles de Gayand de Monterolles (1603 - 1604)
35. Philibert marquis de Nérestang (1604 - 1620)
36. Claude marquis de Nérestang (1620 - 1639)
37. Charles marquis de Nérestang (1639 - 1644)
38. Charles-Achille marquis de Nérestang (1645 - 1673)
39. Michel de Tellier, marquis de Louvois (1673 - 1691)
40. Philippe de Courcillon, marquis de Dangeau (1693 - 1720)
41. Louis d’Orleans, duc de Chartres, puis d’Orleans (1720 - 1752)
42. Louis de France, duc de Berry (1757 - 1773)
43. Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, comte de Provence (1773 - 1814)
44. Claud Louis, prince de La Châtre - General-administrator(1814 - 1824)
45. Council of Officers - (1824 - 1831) - President: Jean-Louis de Beaumont, Marquis d'Autichamp
46. Council of Officers - (1831 - 1840) - Picot; Joseph-Bon, Baron de Dacier [1831]]-[[1833]; Auguste-Francois, Baron de Silvestre
47. Patriarch Maximos III. Mazloum (1841 - 1855) - Protector, Administrator
48. Patriarch Gregorios I. Youssef (1864 - 1897)
49. Patriarch Peter IV. Geraigiri (1898 - 1902)
50. Patriarch Ciril VIII. Ghea (1902 - 1910)
51. Council of Officers - (1910 - 1930)
52. Francisco de Paula de Bourbon et de la Torre, duc de Seville, Grand d’Espagne (1930-1952)
53. Francisco Henri de Bourbon et de Bourbon, duc de Seville, Grand d’Espagne (1952-1967)
54. Charles Philippe de Bourbon Orléans, duc d’Alençon, Vendôme et Nemours, Premier Prince du Sang (1967 - 1969)

Malta obedience
48. Don Francisco de Paula de Bourbon y Escasany, duc de Seville, Grand d’Espagne (1995 - ...) Raymond du Puy de Provence was the second Grand Master of the Order of St John of Jerusalem (Knights Hospitaller). ...

Paris obedience
47. Pierre de Cossé, duc de Brissac (1969 - 1986)
48. François de Cossé, marquis und duc de Brissac (1986 - 2004)

United
49. Don Francisco de Paula de Bourbon y Escasany, duc de Seville, Grand d’Espagne (2004 - ...)

Bibliography

• Gautier de Sibert, History of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem (Paris, 1772)
• M. Ellul, The Green Eight Pointed Cross (2004)
• Algrant y Cañete, James J. / Beaugourdon, Jean de Saint Vincent de

Armorial of the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem Delft, (1983)

• Bander van Duren, Peter

Orders of Knighthood and of Merit The Pontifical, Religious and Secularised Catholic-founded Orders and their relationship to the Apostolic See Buckinghamshire. (1995), p. 495 - 513, XLV - XLVII

• Belloy, Pierre de

De l'origine et institution des divers ordres de chevalerie tant ecclésiastiques que prophanes Paris, 1604, 2nd edition Toulouse 1622

• Montilla Zavalía, Félix Alberto

Las Órdenes de Caballería y las Órdenes Honoríficas Católicas en la actualidad (Una visión histórico-jurídica y política) introduced by Dr. Isidoro J. Ruiz Moreno, Argentinian Lieutenant of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre Editorial Dunken, Buenos Aires, 2001, p. 16

• Morris of Balgonie, Stuart H., Ygr.

The Insignia and Decorations of the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem Perthshire, 1986

External links

• Offizielle Webseite des Lazarus Ordens (français, english. span.)
• Order of St. Lazarus - Grand Priory of America (engl.)
• Lazarus-Hilfswerk in Deutschland e. V.
• Saint Lazare (franz.)

This article incorporates text from the public domain Catholic Encyclopedia. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Catholic Encyclopedia (also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia today) is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 by the The Encyclopedia Press, designed to give authoritative information on the entire cycle of Catholic interests, action and doctrine. // History The writing of the encyclopedia began on January 11...