NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hotan

Coordinates: 37°6′N, 80°1′E Hotan (Uyghur: خوتەن/Hotǝn; Chinese: 和田; Hanyu Pinyin: Hétián, formerly: Simplified Chinese: 和阗; Traditional Chinese: 和闐; Hanyu Pinyin: Hétián; also spelled Khotan)^[1] is an oasis town in Khotan Prefecture and its capital as well, population 114,000 (2006). An important station on the southern route of the historic Silk Road, it has always depended on two strong rivers the Karakash River and the Yurungkash River to provide the water needed to survive on the southwestern edge of the vast Taklamakan desert. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (768x1024, 204 KB) 09/10/2005 es: Khotan (Hotan / Hetian) es una ciudad-oasis en la RegiÃ³n AutÃ³noma Uigur de Xinjiang en la RepÃºblica Popular China. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (768x1024, 204 KB) 09/10/2005 es: Khotan (Hotan / Hetian) es una ciudad-oasis en la RegiÃ³n AutÃ³noma Uigur de Xinjiang en la RepÃºblica Popular China. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Uyghur (â€Ž//, or â€Ž//)[1] is a Turkic language spoken by the Uyghur people in Xinjiang (also called East Turkestan or Uyghurstan), formerly also â€œSinkiangâ€ and â€œChinese Turkestan,â€ a Central Asian region administered by China. ... Pinyin (拼音, Pīnyīn) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Traditional Chinese (Traditional Chinese: æ£é«”å—/ç¹é«”å—, Simplified Chinese: æ£ä½“å—/ç¹ä½“å—) refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... Pinyin (拼音, Pīnyīn) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of... Oasis in the Libyan part of the Sahara For other uses, see Oasis (disambiguation). ... The Khotan Prefectureï¼ˆChinese: â€œå’Œç”°â€; Pinyin: HÃ©tiÃ¡n DÃ¬qÅ«; Uyghur: Ø®ÙˆØªÛ•Ù† Û‹Ù‰Ù„Ø§ÙŠÙ‰ØªÙ‰ï¼‰is located in the south-western part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. ... The Silk Road Silk Route redirects here. ... The Karakash or Black Jade River flows from its origin near Sumde on the northern slopes of the Karakorum Mountain range, the actual Aksai Chin on the Tibetan Plateau westward along the northern crest range of the Kuen Luns. ... The White Jade River (Chinese: ç™½çŽ‰æ±Ÿ) is a river in the Taklamakan desert of China. ... Dust storm in Taklamakan from space, June 25, 2005 The Taklamakan (also Taklimakan) is a desert of Central Asia, in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article is about arid terrain. ...

Located in the southwest of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the Tarim Basinin the Trans-Kuen Lun State of East Turkistan, the territory borders the area of Aksai Chin in north eastern Ladakh in Kashmir (presently occupied by China but part of India) along the Kuen Lun range which is the southern border of Khotan and is crossed by inter alia the Sanju, Hindutash, Yangi and other passes in Ladakh. Xinjiang (Chinese: 新疆; pinyin: Xīnjiāng; Wade-Giles: Hsin1-chiang1; Postal Pinyin: Sinkiang; literal meaning: New Frontier; Uyghur: شينجاڭ) Uyghurs Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), sometimes known as Chinese Turkestan, Eastern Turkestan (Turkestan also spelt Turkistan... Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin. ... Region containing Kunlun Mountains The Kunlun mountain range (Kunlun Shan, 崑崙山) is one of the longest mountain chains in Asia, extending more than 3000 km. ... Flag of East Turkistan East Turkistan (Sherqiy Türkistan in Uyghur, Doğu Türkistan in Turkish) was the name of two shortlived states in Central Asia; the first one existed from 1932 to 1934, while the second one existed from 1944 to 1949. ... China - India Western border showing Aksai Chin Aksai Chin (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Ä€kÃ¨sÃ iqÄ«n, Hindi: à¤…à¤•à¤¸à¤¾à¤ˆ à¤šà¤¿à¤¨) is a region located at the junction of the Peoples Republic of China, Pakistan, and India. ... Ladakh (Tibetan script: à½£à¼‹à½‘à¾à½‚à½¦à¼‹, Ladakhi IPA: , Hindi: à¤²à¤¦à¥à¤¦à¤¾à¤–à¤¼, Hindi IPA: , Urdu: Ù„Ø¯Ù‘Ø§Ø®; land of high passes) is a region in the state of Jammu and Kashmir in Northern India sandwiched between the Karakoram mountain range to the north and the Himalayas to the south. ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... Region containing Kunlun Mountains The Kunlun mountain range (Kunlun Shan, 崑崙山) is one of the longest mountain chains in Asia, extending more than 3000 km. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Ladakh (Tibetan script: à½£à¼‹à½‘à¾à½‚à½¦à¼‹, Ladakhi IPA: , Hindi: à¤²à¤¦à¥à¤¦à¤¾à¤–à¤¼, Hindi IPA: , Urdu: Ù„Ø¯Ù‘Ø§Ø®; land of high passes) is a region in the state of Jammu and Kashmir in Northern India sandwiched between the Karakoram mountain range to the north and the Himalayas to the south. ...

This ancient city has a rich history and was long famous for its silk, jade, and pottery products, and the area's historic connection to Kashmir, Taxila and the rest of India is well known and the are was part of a Greater Kashmir and China hardly came into the picture.The very name Khotan is an Indian name derived from Sanskrit and literally means 'breast of the earth'. The ancient language of Khotan was an Indo-Aryan Saka language derived from India's Sanskrit and was written in the Brahmi script of India, and according to legend, the original population of Khotan was of Indian origin derived from Taxila and Kashmir .^[2] Silk dresses Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. ... A selection of antique, hand-crafted Chinese jade (jadeite) buttons Unworked Jade Jade is used as an ornamental stone, the term jade is applied to two different rocks that are made up of different silicate minerals. ... Unfired green ware pottery on a traditional drying rack at Conner Prairie living history museum. ... Taxila is an important archaelogical site in Pakistan containing the ruins of the GandhÄran city and university of Takshashila (also Takkasila or Taxila) an important Vedic/Hindu[1] and Buddhist[2] centre of learning from the 5th century BCE to the 2nd century CE. In 1980, Taxila was declared... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, thus belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. ... A cataphract-style parade armour from gold scales of Sakas King found in Issyk in Kazakhstan in 1970[1] The Sakas were Iranian people stock who lived in what is now Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and parts of Iran, Ukraine, and Altay Mountains and Siberia in Russia, in the... Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... BrÄhmÄ« refers to the pre-modern members of the Brahmic family of scripts, attested from the 3rd century BC. The best known and earliest dated inscriptions in Brahmi are the rock-cut edicts of Ashoka. ... Taxila is an important archaelogical site in Pakistan containing the ruins of the GandhÄran city and university of Takshashila (also Takkasila or Taxila) an important Vedic/Hindu[1] and Buddhist[2] centre of learning from the 5th century BCE to the 2nd century CE. In 1980, Taxila was declared...

See the Kingdom of Khotan article for more information on historic Khotan. The Kingdom of Khotan is an ancient Buddhist kingdom that was located on the branch of the Silk road that ran along the southern edge of the Taklamakan desert in the Tarim basin. ...

Today this remote town, populated almost exclusively by Uyghurs, is a minor agricultural center. This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ...

The town lies just west of the Yurungkash River or White Jade River, named for the white jade recovered from its alluvial deposits. Most of the jade is now gone, but an occasional piece may still be found. The river still provides water and irrigation for the town and region. The White Jade River (Chinese: ç™½çŽ‰æ±Ÿ) is a river in the Taklamakan desert of China. ... The White Jade River is a river in the Taklamakan desert of China. ... A selection of antique, hand-crafted Chinese jade (jadeite) buttons Unworked Jade Jade is used as an ornamental stone, the term jade is applied to two different rocks that are made up of different silicate minerals. ... Alluvium is soil land deposited by a river or other running water. ...

Hotan is recently famous for the discovery of caucasoid mummies, which are evidence of long term inhabitation of the area by the Tocharians. The desert atmosphere has preserved perishable items such as wood and fabric, attracting archaeologists. The area is rich in archaeological sites that are buried beneath the desert sand. A Tarim Basin mummy photographed by Aurel Stein circa 1910. ... The Tocharians or Tusharas as known in Indian literature were the easternmost speakers of an Indo-European language in antiquity, inhabiting the Tarim basin in what is now Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, northwestern Peoples Republic of China. ...

Early history

The oasis of Hotan is strategically located at the junction of the southern (and most ancient) branch of the famous “Silk Route” joining China and the West with one of the main routes from India and Tibet to Central Asia and China. It provided a convenient meeting place where not only goods, but technologies, philosophies, and religions were transmitted from one culture to another. The Kingdom of Khotan is an ancient Buddhist kingdom that was located on the branch of the Silk road that ran along the southern edge of the Taklamakan desert in the Tarim basin. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 187 KB) 09/10/2005 es: Khotan (Hotan / Hetian) es una ciudad-oasis en la RegiÃ³n AutÃ³noma Uigur de Xinjiang en la RepÃºblica Popular China. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 187 KB) 09/10/2005 es: Khotan (Hotan / Hetian) es una ciudad-oasis en la RegiÃ³n AutÃ³noma Uigur de Xinjiang en la RepÃºblica Popular China. ... The Silk Road Silk Route redirects here. ... Tibet (older spelling Thibet; Tibetan: à½–à½¼à½‘à¼‹; Wylie: Bod; Lhasa dialect IPA: [; Simplified and Traditional Chinese: è¥¿è—, Hanyu Pinyin: XÄ«zÃ ng; also referred to as è—åŒº (Simplified Chinese), è—å€ (Traditional Chinese), ZÃ ngqÅ« (Hanyu Pinyin), see Name section below) is a plateau region in Central Asia and the indigenous home to the Tibetan people. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...

Khotan, from the historic traditional time of its founding during the reign of the great Indian emperor Aśoka Maurya during whose period, Khotan was part of India(c. 269 to 231 BCE) until the Muslim conquest c. 1006 CE, had a tempestuous history and suffered many invasions. For much of this period it was a key entry point for Indian trade and culture into the Tarim basin and became an important and influential centre of Buddhist learning and culture in its own right. Allegiance: Magadhan Empire Rank: Emperor Succeeded by: Dasaratha Maurya Reign: 273 BC-232 BC Place of birth: Pataliputra, India Battles/Wars Kalinga War Emperor Ashoka the Great (Devanagari: à¤…à¤¶à¥‹à¤•(:); IAST transliteration: , pronunciation: ) (304 BCâ€“232 BC) (Imperial Title:Devanampiya Piyadassi ie He who is the beloved of the Gods who, in... Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin. ... A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, SiddhÄrtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by...

Khotan was also the source of most of the early nephrite jade used in distant China. For several hundred years, until they were defeated by the Xiongnu in 176 BCE, the trade of Hotanese jade into China was controlled by the nomadic Yuezhi. There is also a community named Actinolite,_Ontario in Canada. ... A selection of antique, hand-crafted Chinese jade (jadeite) buttons Unworked Jade Jade is used as an ornamental stone, the term jade is applied to two different rocks that are made up of different silicate minerals. ... A Xiongnu belt buckle. ... Languages Unknown, altough the epigraphy ranges from Greek language to Bactrian. ...

The early history and long lost language of the ancient kingdom of Hotan have been gradually pieced together by the diligent efforts of a remarkable assembly of adventurers and scholars from many countries.

We are fortunate in now having a relative abundance of information on Hotan readily available for study. The main historical sources are to be found in the Chinese histories (particularly detailed during the Han and early Tang dynasties), the accounts of several Chinese pilgrim monks, a few Buddhist histories of Hotan that have survived in Tibetan, and a large number of documents in Khotanese and other languages discovered, for the most part, early this century at various sites in the Tarim basin and from the hidden library at the “Caves of the Thousand Buddhas” near Dunhuang. Han Dynasty commanderies and kingdoms, AD 2 Capital Changan (202 BCâ€“9 AD) Luoyang (25 ADâ€“190 AD) Language(s) Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy History - Establishment 206 BC - Battle of Gaixia; Han rule of China begins 202 BC - Interruption of Han rule 9 AD - 24 AD... For the band, see Tang Dynasty (band). ... The Tibetan language is spoken primarily by the Tibetan people who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia, as well as by large number of Tibetan refugees all over the world. ... relating to Khotan, in particular the Kingdom of Khotan Khotanese, a Saka dialect Category: ... Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin. ... The Mogao Caves, or Mogao Grottoes (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) form a system of 492 temples near Dunhuang, in Gansu province, China. ... Location of Dunhuang Dunhuang (Chinese: æ•¦ç…Œ, also written as ç‡‰ç…Œ till early Qing Dynasty; pinyin: DÅ«nhuÃ¡ng; ) is a city in Jiuquan, Gansu province, China. ...

References

Additional links

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Footnotes

Categories: Central Asian Buddhist sites | Cities along the Silk Road | Cities in Xinjiang | Uyghurs | Central Asian Buddhist kingdoms | Xinjiang | Ancient peoples of China | Former countries in Chinese history | Oases Xinjiang (Chinese: 新疆; pinyin: Xīnjiāng; Wade-Giles: Hsin1-chiang1; Postal Pinyin: Sinkiang; literal meaning: New Frontier; Uyghur: شينجاڭ) Uyghurs Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), sometimes known as Chinese Turkestan, Eastern Turkestan (Turkestan also spelt Turkistan... Urumchi or ÃœrÃ¼mqi (English IPA: ; Uyghur: Ø¦ÛˆØ±ÛˆÙ…Ú†ÛŒ; Uyghur Latin script: ÃœrÃ¼mqi; Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: WÅ«lÇ”mÃ¹qÃ), with a population about 1. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... A prefecture-level city (åœ°çº§å¸‚ Pinyin: dÃ¬jÃ shÃ¬, literally region-level city) or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the Peoples Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in Chinas administrative structure. ... Prefecture, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. ... In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Unions titular nations, a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as autonomous within the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... A county-level city (县级市 Pinyin: xiànjí shì) is a county-level administrative division of mainland China. ... Originally, a county was the land under the jurisdiction of a count (in Great Britain, an earl, though the original earldoms covered larger areas) by reason of that office. ... The Republic of China (ROC) currently administers two historical provinces of China (one completely and one for a small part) and centrally administers two municipalities: Taiwan Province; consists of the island of Taiwan, except the two municipalities, plus Penghu county (Pescadores Islands) and a number of outlying islands Sixteen counties... ÃœrÃ¼mqi ÃœrÃ¼mqi (Uyghur: Ø¦ÛˆØ±ÛˆÙ…Ú†ÛŒ; Uyghur Latin script: ÃœrÃ¼mqi; Simplified Chinese: ä¹Œé²æœ¨é½; Traditional Chinese: çƒé¯æœ¨é½Š; pinyin: ), with a population about 1. ... Tianshan District (simplified Chinese: å¤©å±±åŒº; Pinyin: TiÄnshÄn QÅ«; Uyghur: Tengritagh Rayoni) is a district within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the ÃœrÃ¼mqi City. ... The Saybagh District (Pinyin: ShÄyÄ«bÄkÃ¨ QÅ«; Uyghur: Saybagh Rayoni) is a district within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the ÃœrÃ¼mqi City. ... Xinshi District (Pinyin: XÄ«nshÃ¬ QÅ«) is a district within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the ÃœrÃ¼mqi City. ... The Shuimogou District (Pinyin: ShÇ”imÃ³gÅu QÅ«) is a district within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the ÃœrÃ¼mqi City. ... The Toutunhe District (Pinyin: TÃ³utÃºnhÃ© QÅ«; Uyghur: Tudungxaba Rayoni) is a district within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the ÃœrÃ¼mqi City. ... The Dabancheng District (Pinyin: DÃ¡bÇŽnchÃ©ng QÅ«) is a district within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the ÃœrÃ¼mqi City. ... Dongshan District (Pinyin: DÅngshÄn QÅ«) is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the ÃœrÃ¼mqi City. ... The ÃœrÃ¼mqi County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the ÃœrÃ¼mqi City. ... Karamay or Karamai (Uyghur: Ù‚Ø§Ø±Ø§Ù…Ø§ÙŠ; Uyghur (Latin): Karamay; Chinese: ; pinyin: KÃ¨lÄmÇŽyÄ«, Wade-Giles: Ko-la-ma-i) is a prefecture-level city in the north of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in northwestern China. ... The Karamay District is a district within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the Karamay City. ... The Dushanzi (Maytagh) District is a district within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the Karamay City. ... The Baijiantan District (Pinyin: BÃ¡ijiÇŽntÄn QÅ«; Uyghur: Jerenbulaq) is a district within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the Karamay City. ... Urho District (simplified Chinese: ä¹Œå°”ç¦¾åŒº; pinyin: WÅ«Ä›rhÃ© QÅ«) is a district within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the Karamay City. ... Turfan Prefecture (simplified Chinese: åé²ç•ªåœ°åŒº; pinyin: TulufÃ¡n DÃ¬qÅ«; Uyghur: ØªÛ‡Ø±Ù¾Ø§Ù† Û‹Ù‰Ù„Ø§ÙŠÙ‰ØªÙ‰) is located in eastern Xinjiang, China. ... position in China Street of Turfan View of the Flaming mountains Emin minaret, Turfan Turfan (Uyghur: ØªÛ‡Ø±Ù¾Ø§Ù†; Uyghur Latin: Turpan; Modern Chinese åé¯ç•ª, Pinyin: TÇ”lÇ”fÄn; ) is an oasis city in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Toksun County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Hami Prefecture. ... Piqan County (simplified Chinese: é„¯å–„åŽ¿) is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the Hami Prefecture. ... Hami Prefecture (simplified Chinese: å“ˆå¯†åœ°åŒº; pinyin: HÄmÃ¬ DÃ¬qÅ«; Uyghur: Ù‚Û‡Ù…Û‡Ù„ Û‹Ù‰Ù„Ø§ÙŠÙ‰ØªÙ‰) is located in eastern Xinjiang, China. ... Kumul or Hami (Uyghur: Ù‚Û‡Ù…Û‡Ù„/Kumul; Chinese: å“ˆå¯†; Pinyin: HÄmÃ¬) is an oasis in Hami Prefecture, Xinjiang (China); it is also the name of a modern city and the surrounding district. ... The Yiqu (Ara TÃ¼rÃ¼k) County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Hami Prefecture. ... Barkol Kazak Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: å·´é‡Œå¤å“ˆè¨å…‹è‡ªæ²»åŽ¿; pinyin: BÄlÇkÅ«n HÄsÃ kÃ¨zÃº ZÃ¬zhÃ¬xiÃ n) It is a part of Kumul Prefecture in Xinjiang in the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Hotan Prefecture (Chinese: â€œå’Œç”°â€, Pinyin: HÃ©tiÃ¡n DÃ¬qÅ«; Uyghur: Ø®ÙˆØªÛ•Ù† Û‹Ù‰Ù„Ø§ÙŠÙ‰ØªÙ‰ / )[1] is located in the south-western part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. ... Mosque in Hotan Hotan (Uyghur: Ø®ÙˆØªÛ•Ù†/; Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: , formerly: Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; also spelled Khotan)[1] is an oasis town in Khotan Prefecture and its capital as well, population 114,000 (2006). ... The Hotan County[1] is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Khotan Prefecture. ... The Lop County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Khotan Prefecture. ... The Minfeng (Niye) County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Khotan Prefecture. ... The Pishan County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Khotan Prefecture. ... The Qira County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Hotan Prefecture. ... The Keriya County (Chinese: äºŽç”°åŽ¿, Pinyin: YÃºtiÃ¡n XiÃ n; Uyghur: ÙƒÛØ±Ù‰ÙŠÛ• Ù†Ø§Ú¾Ù‰ÙŠÙ‰Ø³Ù‰ / KeriyÉ™ Nahiyisi)[1] is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Hotan Prefecture. ... The Karakax County (Chinese: å¢¨çŽ‰åŽ¿, Pinyin: MÃ²yÃ¹ XiÃ n; also known as Karakax)[1] is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Hotan Prefecture. ... Aksu, city (1994 est. ... Position of Aksu in China. ... The Wensu (Onsu) County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Aksu Prefecture. ... The Xayar County (Chinese: æ²™é›…åŽ¿, Pinyin: ShÄyÇŽ XiÃ n; also known as Shayar)[1] is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Aksu Prefecture. ... The Baicheng County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Aksu Prefecture. ... The Awat County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Aksu Prefecture. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Kalpin (Kelpin) County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Aksu Prefecture. ... The Toksu County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Aksu Prefecture. ... Uqturpan County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Aksu Prefecture. ... Kashgar Prefecture (simplified Chinese: å–€ä»€åœ°åŒº; pinyin: KÄshÃ DÃ¬qÅ«; Uyghur: Ù‚Û•Ø´Ù‚Û•Ø± Û‹Ù‰Ù„Ø§ÙŠÙ‰ØªÙ‰) is located in mid-western Xinjiang, China. ... Location of Kashgar Kashgars Sunday market Kashgar (also spelled Cascar[citation needed]; Uyghur: Ù‚Û•Ø´Ù‚Û•Ø±/; Chinese: ; pinyin: KÄshÃ, ), is an oasis city in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Maralbexi County (simplified Chinese: å·´æ¥šåŽ¿) is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Kashgar Prefecture. ... The Poskam County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Kashgar Prefecture. ... The Peyziwat County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Kashgar Prefecture. ... Kargilik County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Kashgar Prefecture. ... The Yopurga County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Kashgar Prefecture. ... The Shule (YÃ©ngisheher) County is a county situated in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the Kashgar Prefecture. ... The Makit (Mekit) County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Kashgar Prefecture. ... The YÃ©ngisar County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Kashgar Prefecture. ... Yarkand (modern Chinese name èŽŽè»Š), pinyin: ShÄchÄ“ also written SuÅchÄ“; . Altitude about 1,189 m. ... The Shufu (Kona Sheher) County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Kashgar Prefecture. ... Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County (Uyghur Yengi Yezik: Taxkuran; Chinese: , Pinyin: TÇŽshÃ¬kÃ¹Ä›rgÃ n TÇŽjÃkÃ¨ zÃ¬zhÃ¬xiÃ n; Sariquli Tajik in IPA: tqyrn tuik ftunum ja; sometimes spelled Tashkorgan, Tashkurghan etc. ... Kizilsu Kirghiz Prefecture (Chinese:å…‹åœå‹’è‹æŸ¯å°”å…‹åœè‡ªæ²»å·ž, Pinyin: KÃ¨zÄ«lÃ¨sÅ« KÄ“Ä›rkÃ¨zÄ« ZÃ¬zhÃ¬zhÅu, Kirghiz: Ù‚Ù‰Ø²Ù‰Ù„Ø³Û‡ Ù‚Ù‰Ø±Ø¹Ù‰Ø² Ø§Û‹ØªÙˆÙ†ÙˆÙ… ÙˆØ¨Ù„Ø§Ø³ØªÙ‰ / ÐšÑ‹Ñ€Ð³Ñ‹Ð· ÐšÑ‹Ð·Ñ‹Ð»ÑÑƒ aÐ²Ñ‚Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ»Ñ‹ oÐ±Ð»Ð°ÑÑ‚Ñ‹, Uyghur: Ù‚Ù‰Ø²Ù‰Ù„Ø³Û‡ Ù‚Ù‰Ø±ØºÙ‰Ø² Ø¦Ø§Ù¾ØªÙˆÙ†ÙˆÙ… Ø¦ÙˆØ¨Ù„Ø§Ø³ØªÙ‰) is an autonomous prefecture of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Artux (simplified Chinese: é˜¿å›¾ä»€; traditional Chinese: é˜¿åœ–ä»€; pinyin: Ä€tÃºshÃ) is a county-level city in Xinjiang. ... Akqi County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Ulugqat County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Akto County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture. ... Bayingholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese:å·´éŸ³éƒæ¥žè’™å¤è‡ªæ²»å·ž, Pinyin: BÄyÄ«nguÅlÃ¨ng MÄ›nggÇ” ZÃ¬zhÃ¬zhÅu, Mongolian in Cyrillic script: Ð‘Ð°ÑÐ½Ð³Ð¾Ð»Ñ‹Ð½ ÐœÐ¾Ð½Ð³Ð¾Ð» Ó©Ó©Ñ€Ñ‚Ó©Ó© Ð·Ð°ÑÐ°Ñ… Ñ‚Ð¾Ð¹Ñ€Ð¾Ð³, Uyghur: Ø¨Ø§ÙŠÙ‰Ù†ØºÙˆÙ„Ù‰Ù† Ù…ÙˆÚØºÛ‡Ù„ Ø¦Ø§Ù¾ØªÙˆÙ†ÙˆÙ… Ø¦ÙˆØ¨Ù„Ø§Ø³ØªÙ‰) is an autonomous prefecture of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Location of Korla Korla (simplified Chinese: åº“å°”å‹’; traditional Chinese: åº«çˆ¾å‹’;pinyin: KÃ¹Ä›rlÃ¨) is a city south of Karashahr (Yanqi), and is the capital of the Bayinguoleng Mongolian Prefecture, the largest prefecture in China. ... The Hejing County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Bayingholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Yuli (Lopnur) County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Bayingholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Hoshut County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Bayingholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Qiemo (Cherchen) County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Bayingholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Bohu (Baghrash) County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Bayingholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Luntai (BÃ¼gÃ¼r) County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Bayingholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Ruoqiang (Chaqiliq) County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Bayingholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. ... Yanqi Hui Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: ç„‰è€†å›žæ—è‡ªæ²»åŽ¿; pinyin:YÄnqÃ HuÃzÃº ZÃ¬zhÃ¬xiÃ n) is an autonomous county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Bayingholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. ... Changji Hui prefecture (simplified Chinese:æ˜Œå‰å›žæ—è‡ªæ²»å·ž , Pinyin: ChÄngjÃ HuÃzÃº ZÃ¬zhÃ¬zhÅu, Uyghur: Ø³Ø§Ù†Ø¬Ù‰ Ø®Û‡ÙŠØ²Û‡ Ø¦Ø§Ù¾ØªÙˆÙ†ÙˆÙ… Ø¦ÙˆØ¨Ù„Ø§Ø³ØªÙ‰) is an autonomous prefecture of Xinjiang in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Changji (Chinese: æ˜Œå‰; pinyin: ChÄngjÃ) is a county-level city of about 192,000 inhabitants (in 1999), in the Region of Xinjiang of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Fukang (Chinese: é˜œåº·; pinyin: FÃ¹kÄng) is a county-level city in Xinjiang of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Miquan (Chinese: ç±³æ³‰; pinyin: MÇquÃ¡n) is a county-level city in Xinjiang of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Qitai (Guchung) County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Manas County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. ... Jimsar County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Hutubi (Qutubi) County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Mori Kazak Autonomous County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. ... BÃ¶rtala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture (simplified Chinese: åšå°”å¡”æ‹‰è’™å¤è‡ªæ²»å·ž, pinyin: BÃ³Ä›rtÇŽlÄ MÄ›nggÇ” ZÃ¬zhÃ¬zhÅu, Mongolian in Cyrillic script: Ð‘Ð¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ð°Ð»Ñ‹Ð½ ÐœÐ¾Ð½Ð³Ð¾Ð» Ó©Ó©Ñ€Ñ‚Ó©Ó© Ð·Ð°ÑÐ°Ñ… Ñ‚Ð¾Ð¹Ñ€Ð¾Ð³) is a Mongol autonomous prefecture in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Bole railway station Bole (Traditional Chinese: åšæ¨‚; Simplified Chinese: åšä¹; pinyin: BÃ³lÃ¨; also known as BÃ¶rtala) is a county-level city in Xinjiang. ... The Jinghe (Jing) County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the BÃ¶rtala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Wenquan (Arishang) County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the BÃ¶rtala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. ... Shihezi (Chinese: çŸ³æ²³å; Pinyin: ShÃhÃ©zÇ; Uyghur: Ø´Ù‰Ø®Û•Ù†Ø²Û• / XihÉ™nzÉ™) is a sub-prefecture-level city in northern Xinjiang. ... Alar (simplified Chinese: é˜¿æ‹‰å°”; traditional Chinese: é˜¿æ‹‰çˆ¾; Pinyin: Ä€lÄÄ›r; Uyghur: Ø¦Ø§Ø±Ø§Ù„ Ø´Û•Ú¾Ø±Ù‰ / Aral XÉ™hri)[1] is a sub-prefecture-level city in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Tumushuke (simplified Chinese: å›¾æœ¨èˆ’å…‹; also known as Tumshuq) is a sub-prefecture-level city in the northern part of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, in the Peoples Republic of China, it is located in western Xinjiang, surrounded by Kashgar Prefecture. ... Wujiaqu (Chinese: äº”å®¶æ¸ ; pinyin: WÇ”jiÄqÃº) is a sub-prefecture-level city in the northern part of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, in the Peoples Republic of China, north of Urumqi. ... Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: ä¼ŠçŠå“ˆè–©å…‹è‡ªæ²»å·ž, Pinyin: YÄ«lÃ HÄsÃ kÃ¨ zÃ¬zhÃ¬zhÅu, Kazakh: Ù‰Ù„Ù‡ Ù‚Ø§Ø²Ø§Ù‚ Ø§Û†ØªÙˆÙ†ÙˆÙ…Ù‰ÙŠØ§Ù„Ù‰ ÙˆØ¨Ù„Ù‰Ø³Ù‰ / Ð†Ð»Ðµ ÒšÐ°Ð·Ð°Ò› Ð°Ð²Ñ‚Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ»Ñ‹ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ñ‹ÑÑ‹, Uyghur: Ø¦Ù‰Ù„Ù‰ Ù‚Ø§Ø²Ø§Ù‚ Ø¦Ø§Ù¾ØªÙˆÙ†ÙˆÙ… Û‹Ù‰Ù„Ø§ÙŠÙ‰ØªÙ‰ / Ili Ä¶azaÄ· aptonom wilayiti), in northernmost Xinjiang, is the only Kazakh autonomous prefecture of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Tacheng Prefecture (simplified Chinese: å¡”åŸŽåœ°åŒº; pinyin: TÇŽchÃ©ng DÃ¬qÅ«; Uyghur: ØªØ§Ø±Ø¨Ø§ØºØ§ØªØ§ÙŠ Û‹Ù‰Ù„Ø§ÙŠÙ‰ØªÙ‰) is located in northern Xinjiang, China. ... Altay Prefecture (simplified Chinese: é˜¿å‹’æ³°åœ°åŒº; pinyin: Ä€lÃ¨tÃ i DÃ¬qÅ«; Uyghur: Ø¦Ø§Ù„ØªØ§ÙŠ Û‹Ù‰Ù„Ø§ÙŠÙ‰ØªÙ‰ / Altay Vilayiti) is located in northern Xinjiang, China. ... Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 伊犁哈薩克自治州 Yīlí Hāsàkè zìzhìzhōu, Uyghur: Ili Ķazaķ aptonom oblasti), in northernmost Xinjiang, is the only Kazakh autonomous prefecture of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Town square in Yining/Ghulja, July 2005 Yining (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: YÃnÃng; Uighur ØºÛ‡Ù„Ú˜Ø§ Ghulja; also Ili, Yili, Kuldja, Kulja, Ghulja, Ining) is a city in western Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of northwestern China, and the capital of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. ... Kuitun (Chinese: å¥Žå±¯; pinyin: KuÃtÃºn) is a county-level city with about 144,000 residents in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. ... The Yining (Ghulja) County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. ... Tekes County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Nilka County is a county situated within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Zhaosu County is a county situated within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Xinyuan (KÃ¼nes) County is a county situated within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Huocheng (Qorghas) County is a county situated within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. ... The Gongliu (Toqquztara) County is a county situated within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. ... Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: å¯Ÿå¸ƒæŸ¥å°”éŒ«ä¼¯è‡ªæ²»åŽ¿; pinyin: ChÃ¡bÃ¹chÃ¡Ä›r XÃbÃ³ ZÃ¬zhÃ¬xiÃ n; also transliterated as Chapchal) in Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture in northern Xinjiang is the only Xibe autonomous county of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Tacheng Prefecture (simplified Chinese: å¡”åŸŽåœ°åŒº; pinyin: TÇŽchÃ©ng DÃ¬qÅ«; Uyghur: ØªØ§Ø±Ø¨Ø§ØºØ§ØªØ§ÙŠ Û‹Ù‰Ù„Ø§ÙŠÙ‰ØªÙ‰) is located in northern Xinjiang, China. ... Tacheng, (Chinese: å¡”åŸŽ; pinyin: TÇŽchÃ©ng), or Qoqek, is a county-level city (1994 est. ... Wusu (simplified Chinese: ä¹Œè‹; traditional Chinese: çƒè˜‡; pinyin: WÅ«sÅ«; also known as Usu) is a county-level city with more than 100,000 residents in Xinjiang. ... The Emin (DÃ¶rbiljin) County is a county situated in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Tacheng Prefecture. ... The Yumin (Chaghantoqay) County is a county situated in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Tacheng Prefecture. ... The Shawan (Sawen) County is a county situated in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Tacheng Prefecture. ... The Toli County is a county situated in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Tacheng Prefecture. ... The Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County is a county situated in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the Tacheng Prefecture. ... Altay Prefecture (simplified Chinese: é˜¿å‹’æ³°åœ°åŒº; pinyin: Ä€lÃ¨tÃ i DÃ¬qÅ«; Uyghur: Ø¦Ø§Ù„ØªØ§ÙŠ Û‹Ù‰Ù„Ø§ÙŠÙ‰ØªÙ‰ / Altay Vilayiti) is located in northern Xinjiang, China. ... Altay or Aletai (Chinese: é˜¿å‹’æ³°; pinyin: Ä€lÃ¨tÃ i) is a city in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Qinghe County is a county situated in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Altay Prefecture. ... Jeminay County is a county situated in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Altay Prefecture. ... The Fuyun County is a county situated in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Altay Prefecture. ... The Burqin County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Altay Prefecture. ... The Fuhai (Burultoqay) County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Altay Prefecture. ... The Habahe (Qaba) County is a county situated in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Altay Prefecture. ...

Contents

Early history GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

References

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Footnotes

Early history