Húagúo(py) or 滑国; is the name of a country mentioned in the Liang chih-kung-t'u (梁职贡图) from Henan or Shanxi province which was destroyed by the First Emperor of China in the late 3rd century BC. Liang Zhigongtu (梁 職貢圖) (Wade-Giles Liang chih-kung-tu). ... Henan (Chinese: 河南; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-nan), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. ... Shanxi (Chinese: 山西; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇) (November or December 260 BC - September 10, 210 BC), personal name Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 247 BC to 221 BC, and then the first emperor of a unified China from 221 BC to 210 BC, ruling under the name First... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) // Events Teotihuacán, Mexico begun The first two Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome over dominance in western Mediterranean Rome conquers Spain Gaulish migration to Macedon, Thrace and Galatia 282-226: Colossus of Rhodes 281 BC Antiochus I Soter, on the assassination...

The Chinese character 滑 (pinyin: hua) has a few meanings (e.g. slippery/cunning/confusing), but it is apparently used here simply as another transliteration of the native name of the tribe. According to Liu Qiyu this would have been pronounced as Huer/Hwer in Yangtze Delta dialects. Reconstruction of early Chinese pronunciations is aided by reference to archaic fossilizations preserved in languages like Japanese, where the character 滑 is annotated as くわつ ("Kwat," or [katsu] in Modern Standard Japanese pronunciation), and Korean, where it is pronounced as "Hwar" (활). In Xiamen (Amoy), where the natives speak a dialect of a very divergent Sinitic language called Min or Fujianese, the character is read as /kut8/, which suggests that the relevant pronunciation of the character 滑 at the time of the Han Dynasty should have been something like */gwot/, */gwor/, */gwat/, or */gwar/. It is interesting that this pronunciation is very similar to the pronunciation suggested by the character 月 (*/ŋwat/ or */ŋwæt/, probably intended to transcribe something like "Ghwat"), which was used in the transcription of the name of the Yuezhi (月氏). 漢字 hànzì, hanja, kanji… in Traditional Chinese and other languages. ... Yangtze River Delta The Yangtze River Delta (Chinese 长江三角洲/長江三角洲 chángjiāng sānjiÇŽozhōu) or Yangtze Delta, generally comprises the triangular-shaped territory of Shanghai, southern Jiangsu province and northern Zhejiang province. ... Pronunciation refers to: the way a word or a language is usually spoken; the manner in which someone utters a word. ... Hangul also refers to a word processing application widely used in Korea. ...

After their country was destroyed, the Huer are supposed to have become a nomadic nation under the yoke of the Xiong (see Huns). After the Nu tribes threw off the Xiong, they, like their other ex-Nu counterparts, started to extend their own influence. According to the Liang chih-kung-t'u they later re-emerged under the leadership of the Hephthal (see Hephthalites) (which some sources indicate were originally one of the 5 Yuezhi or 月氏 families from Kushan) who called themselves Hua and are described as the same in origin. Kazakh nomads in the steppes of the Russian Empire, ca. ... The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes, most likely of diverse origin with a Turkic-speaking aristocracy, who appeared in Europe in the 4th century, the most famous being Attila the Hun. ... A Xiongnu belt buckle. ... Liang Zhigongtu (梁 職貢圖) (Wade-Giles Liang chih-kung-tu). ... The Hephthalites, also known as White Huns, were a nomadic people who lived across northern China, Central Asia, and northern India in the fourth through sixth centuries. ... The migrations of the Yuezhi through Central Asia, from around 176 to 30 BCE. Yuezhi (Chinese:月氏, also 月支, Wade-Giles: Yüeh-Chih) or Da Yuezhi (Chinese:大月氏, also 大月支, Great Yuezhi) is the Chinese name for an ancient Central Asian people. ...

It seems that they also have been referred to as Uar and were one element of the Mongolian Bar-guni. According to Theophylaktos Simokattes, Uar (滑 Hua), along with the Hunnoi (混夷 Gun-i), are the names associated with the two biggest tribes of Procopiuss White Huns. They were called Varkhon or Varkunites (OuarKhonitai) by Menander Protector, after whom the Balkan mountains were named (by sheer coincidence the mythical home of...

Movements of the Hua tribe

The Huaguo in northern Henan was destroyed by Qin Shi Huang, and the Hua tribe sought refuge in Shanxi. They came under the Xiongnu and later the Rouran. While some Hua still exist in Shanxi, between 410-470CE a Hua-Guni (滑-混夷 aka Varkuni/Varkoni or Avar-Huns ) pact was established and the Hua tribe rose to such a position of power that the Rouran placed them in charge of the huíhé 回紇 area when they conquered them in 460CE. Soon the Hua split into western (Hvar) and eastern (Hua) branches when they came to be ruled by a Yuezhi family called Yanda 厌哒 (traditional characters 厭達). According to the Liang "Chih-kung-t'u" the eastern Hua later re-emerged under the leadership of the Yanda; in 541CE when they started to assert control of the huíhé 回紇 area independently from the Rouran. At the same time because of their royal family they came to be known as Yanda by outsiders, but internally they still called themselves Hua. Meanwhile the western Hvar branch migrated into Hualazimu (花剌子模 aka Kua-Li-kia) and still exist to this day in Dagestan and on the northern slopes of the Caucasus. From this location they launched the European Avar empire, and enjoyed their last flourish of prowess under Kuber before settling in Transylvania to join the Magyar federation as the Havar. Several central European family names derive from the name of this tribe. Henan (Chinese: 河南; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-nan), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. ... Qín Shǐ Huáng (秦始皇; Pinyin: Qín Shǐ Huáng; WG: Chin Shih-huang, aka Shih Huangti) (November/December 260 BC-September 10, 210 BC), personal name Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 247 BC to 221 BC, and then the first emperor of... Shanxi (Chinese: 山西; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the Peoples Republic of China. ... A Xiongnu belt buckle. ... Juan Juan (wg), RuÇŽnruÇŽn (è •è • lit. ... Events Alaric I deposes Priscus Attalus as Roman Emperor. ... Events Euric, king of the Visigoths, defeats an attempted invasion of Gaul by the Celtic magnate Riothamus. ... The migrations of the Yuezhi through Central Asia, from around 176 to 30 BCE. Yuezhi (Chinese:月氏, also 月支, Wade-Giles: Yüeh-Chih) or Da Yuezhi (Chinese:大月氏, also 大月支, Great Yuezhi) is the Chinese name for an ancient Central Asian people. ... Events January 1 - Flavius Basilius Junior appointed as consul in Constantinople, the last person to hold this office January 2 - Earthquake strikes Laodicea. ... The Republic of Dagestan (Russian: ), older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Entholinguistic patchwork of the modern Caucasus - CIA map The Caucasus, a region bordering Asia Minor, is located between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea which includes the Caucasus Mountains and surrounding lowlands. ... The Eurasian Avars were a nomadic people of Eurasia, supposedly of proto-Mongolian Turkic stock, who migrated from eastern Asia into central and eastern Europe in the 6th century. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Magyars are an ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. ...

External link

• Picture of Liang chih-kung-t'u