Map of Hubbard Glacier

Hubbard Glacier is a tidewater glacier in the U.S. state of Alaska and the Yukon Territory of Canada. From its source ^[1] in the Yukon, the glacier stretches 122 km (76 mi) to the sea at Yakutat Bay and Disenchantment Bay. It is the longest tidewater glacier in Alaska, with an open calving face over ten kilometers (6 mi) wide.^[2] Before it reaches the sea, Hubbard is joined by the Valerie Glacier to the west, which, through forward surges of its own ice, has contributed to the advance of the ice flow that experts believe will eventually dam the Russell Fiord from Disenchantment Bay waters. Hubbard Glacier - landsat (thumbnail) Original source: http://www. ... Official language(s) English[1] Spoken language(s) English 85. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 376 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (589 × 938 pixel, file size: 100 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Map of Hubbard Glacier, Alaska Credit: U.S. Geological Survey Obtained from URL: http://ak. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 376 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (589 × 938 pixel, file size: 100 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Map of Hubbard Glacier, Alaska Credit: U.S. Geological Survey Obtained from URL: http://ak. ... Glacial and Glaciation redirect here. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the... Official language(s) English[1] Spoken language(s) English 85. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Map of Yakutat Bay Yakutat Bay is 29 km (18 mi) across, extending southwest from Disenchantment Bay to the Gulf of Alaska. ... Map of Disenchantment Bay Disenchantment Bay extends southwest for 16 km (10 mi) from the mouth of Russell Fiord to Point Latouche, at the head of Yakutat Bay in Alaska. ... Russell Fiord Russell Fiord extends north to Disenchantment Bay, at the head of Yakutat Bay, in the Saint Elias Mountains of Alaska. ...

The Hubbard Glacier ice margin has continued to advance for about a century. In May 1986, the Hubbard Glacier surged forward, blocking the outlet of Russell Fiord and creating "Russell Lake." All that summer the new lake filled with runoff; its water level rose 25 meters, and the decrease in salinity threatened its sea life.^[3] 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Annual mean sea surface salinity for the World Ocean. ...

Around midnight on October 8th the dam began to give way. In the next 24 hours an estimated 5.3 km³ of water gushed through the gap, and the fiord was reconnected to the ocean at its previous level.^[3] This was the second largest glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) recorded in historical times. Lysefjorden in Norway A fjord (pronounced FEE-ord or fyord, SAMPA: [fi:3:d] or [faI3:d]; sometimes written fiord) is a glacially overdeepened valley, usually narrow and steep-sided, extending below sea level and filled with salt water. ... Hubbard Glacier, Alaska squeezes towards Gibert Point on May 20, 2002. ...

In spring 2002, the glacier again approached Gilbert Point. It pushed a terminal moraine ahead of its face and closed the opening again in July. On August 14, the terminal moraine was washed away after rains had raised the water level behind the dam it formed to 18 m (61 ft) above sea level.^[4] The fiord could become dammed again, and perhaps permanently. If this happens, the fiord could overflow its southern banks and drain through the Situk River instead, threatening trout habitat and a local airport. Moraine at Mono Lake, California, United States Moraines clearly seen on a side glacier of the Gorner Glacier, Zermatt, Switzerland. ... Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Biwa trout (or Biwa salmon), Oncorhynchus masou rhodurus Trout is the common name given to a number of species of freshwater fish belonging to the salmon family, Salmonidae. ...

The ice at the foot of Hubbard Glacier is about 400 years old: it takes that long for ice to traverse the length of the glacier. The glacier routinely calves off icebergs the size of a ten-story building. Where the glacier meets the shore, most of the ice is below the waterline, and newly calved icebergs can shoot up quite dramatically, so that ships must keep their distance from it as they ply their way up and down the coast. Icebergs at Cape York, Greenland Iceberg at Cape York, Greenland Iceberg, Témpanos, Patagonia, Argentina. ...

Cited references

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Glacial lake outburst flood
• List of glaciers

Hubbard Glacier, Alaska squeezes towards Gibert Point on May 20, 2002. ... This is a list of glaciers: Adams Glacier Vatnajokull Iceland Agassiz Icecap - Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada Aletsch Glacier - Swiss Alps, largest in Alps Angel Glacier - Cavell Meadows, Jasper National Park, Canada Antarctica -Continental glacier Athabasca Glacier - Canadian Rockies Aurora Glacier - Glacier Bay, Alaska Austfonna - Nordaustlandet, Svalbard Barnard Glacier - Alaska Beardmore...

External links

• Earthshots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change, U.S. Geological Survey
• Google Maps: Interactive satellite view of where Hubbard Glacier meets the sea
• U.S. Geological Survey: Sequence of photographs showing the 2002 ice blockage and breakthrough

Image gallery