Hubert de Burgh (before 1180 – before 5 May 1243) was Earl of Kent, Justiciar of England and Ireland, and one of the most influential men in England during the reigns of John and Henry III. This article is about the King of England. ... Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272) was the son and successor of John Lackland as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 to his death. ... Peter des Roches (died 1238) was bishop of Winchester in the reigns of John of England and his son Henry III. Roches was not an Englishman, but a Poitevin. ... Isabel of Gloucester (d. ... The peerage title Earl of Kent has been created many times in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... Events April 13 - Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter November 18 - France Emperor Antoku succeds Emperor Takakura as emperor of Japan Afonso I of Portugal is taken prisoner by Ferdinand II of Leon Artois is annexed by France Prince Mochihito amasses a large army and instigates the Genpei War between... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events Innocent IV was elected pope. ... The peerage title Earl of Kent has been created many times in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... In medieval England and Scotland, the Chief Justiciar (latterly known simply as the Justiciar) was a rough equivalent to that of the modern Prime Minister: the Monarchs chief minister. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the King of England. ... Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272) was the son and successor of John Lackland as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 to his death. ...

Life

Birth and family

De Burgh came from a minor gentry family about which little is known. He was a brother of William de Burgh, Governor of Limerick. The relationship between Hubert de Burgh and the later de Burghs Earl of Ulster and Lords of Connaught is not clear. They descend from William de Burgh (c. 1160?–1204) but the relationship between Hubert and William has never been clearly verified; it is possible that they were full or half brothers, but may have been cousins. William de Burgh (c. ... For other uses, see Limerick (disambiguation). ...

Early life

He was a minor official in the household of Prince John in 1197, and became John's chamberlain the next year. He continued as John's chamberlain when the latter became king in 1199.

Honours from John

In the early years of John's reign de Burgh was greatly enriched by royal favour, receiving the honour of Corfe in 1199 and three important castles in the Welsh Marches in 1201 (Grosmont Castle, Skenfrith Castle, and Llantilio Castle). He was also high sheriff of Dorset, Somerset, Herefordshire and Berkshire, and castellan of Launceston^[1] and Wallingford castles. For the village in Dorset see Corfe Castle. ... The Welsh Marches (Welsh: Y Mers) is an area along the border of England and Wales in the island of Great Britain. ... Grosmont Castle Grosmont, Monmouthshire castle is a remarkably well-preserved three phase fortress. ... Skenfrith Castle (Welsh: Ynysgynwraidd) is a medieval castle located in Monmouthshire, Wales. ... White Castle White Castle (Welsh: Castell Gwyn) is a mediæval castle located in Monmouthshire, Wales. ... The High Sheriff is, or was, a law enforcement position in Anglosphere countries. ... Dorset (pronounced DOR-sit or [dɔ.sət], and sometimes in the past called Dorsetshire) is a county in the south-west of England, on the English Channel coast. ... This article is about the county of Somerset in England. ... For the similarly named county in the East of England, see Hertfordshire. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The motte at Launceston castle. ... Wallingford Castle 1913. ...

The next year de Burgh was appointed Constable of Dover Castle, and also given charge of Falaise, in Normandy. He is cited as having been appointed a Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports by 1215, and although the co-joint position of this office to that of the constableship of Dover Castle was not fully established until after the Baron's War, a rather long period seems to have elasped between the two appointments. (White and Black books of the Cinque Ports Vol XIX 1966) Dover Castle is situated at Dover, Kent and has been described as the Key to England due to its defensive significance throughout history. ... Falaise is the name of several communes in France: Falaise, in the Ardennes département Falaise, in the Calvados département This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... For other uses, see Normandy (disambiguation). ... Flag of the Cinque Ports Formally, in Kent and Sussex there are five Head Ports making up the Confederation of the Cinque Ports, often pronounced as the anglicised sink ports, and meaning five ports (cinque in French means five and ports is to be connected to the Italian word porto...

Captor of Arthur

After John captured his nephew Arthur of Brittany, niece Eleanor and their allies in 1202, de Burgh was made their jailor. Arthur I, Duke of Brittany (1187_1203), was the posthumous son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance, Duchess of Brittany, and designated heir to the throne of England, originally intended to succeed Richard I. While Richard was away on crusade, Constance took more independence for Brittany, and in 1194 had the young... Eleanor the Fair Maid of Brittany ( 1184–1241) was the daughter of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance, Duchess of Brittany. ...

There are several accounts of de Burgh's actions as jailor, including complicity in Arthur's death and an account that the king ordered de Burgh to blind Arthur, but that de Burgh refused. This account was used by Shakespeare in his play King John. The truth of these accounts has not been verified, however. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The Life and Death of King John is one of the Shakespearean histories, plays written by William Shakespeare and based on the history of England. ...

Chinon

In any case de Burgh retained the king's trust, and in 1203 was given charge of the great castles at Falaise in Normandy and Chinon, in Touraine. The latter was a key to the defence of the Loire valley. After the fall of Falaise de Burgh held out while the rest of the English possessions fell to the French. Chinon was besieged for a year, and finally fell in June, 1205, Hubert being badly wounded whilte trying to evade capture. Falaise is the name of several communes in France: Falaise, in the Ardennes département Falaise, in the Calvados département This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... For other uses, see Normandy (disambiguation). ... Illustration of Chinon, circa 1892 For other uses, see Chinon (disambiguation). ... The Touraine is a former province of France. ... This article is about the French department. ...

During the year he was trapped in Chinon, and the two following years when he was a prisoner of the French, de Burgh lost most of his estates and posts. The reasons are much debated. After his return to England in 1207, he acquired new and different lands and offices. These included the castles of Lafford and Sleaford, and the shrievalty of Lincolnshire. Probably, however, de Burgh spent most of his time in the English holdings in France, where he was seneschal of Poitou. This article is about Sleaford in Lincolnshire. ... For other places with the same name, see Lincolnshire (disambiguation). ... Coat of arms of Richard, Earl of Cornwall, Plantagenet claimant to the county of Poitou, now favored as the coat of arms of Poitou by people in Poitou Poitou was a province of France whose capital city was Poitiers. ...

French invasion

De Burgh remained loyal to the king during the barons' rebellions at the end of John's reign. The Magna Carta mentions him as one of those who advised the king to sign the charter, and he was one of the twenty-five guarantors of its execution. John named him Chief Justiciar in June 1215.^[2] This article is about the English charter issued in 1215. ... In medieval England and Scotland, the Chief Justiciar (latterly known simply as the Justiciar) was a rough equivalent to that of the modern Prime Minister: the Monarchs chief minister. ...

De Burgh played a prominent role in the defence of England from the invasion of Louis of France, the son of Philippe II who later became Louis VIII. Louis' first objective was to take Dover Castle, which was in de Burgh's charge. The castle withstood a lengthy siege in the summer and fall of 1216, and Louis withdrew. The next summer Louis could not continue without reinforcements from France. De Burgh gathered a small fleet which defeated a larger French force at the Battle of Dover and Battle of Sandwich, and ultimately led to the complete withdrawal of the French from England. Combatants Pro-Angevin forces Pro-Capetian forces, and Kingdom of France Commanders Hubert de Burgh Prince Louis The First Barons War (1215–1217) was a combination of a civil war in England between the forces of a number of rebellious barons and King John, and a foreign invasion invited by... Philip II Augustus (French: Philippe Auguste) (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223) was the King of France from 1180 until his death. ... Louis VIII the Lion (5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226) reigned as King of France from 1223 to 1226. ... Dover Castle is situated at Dover, Kent and has been described as the Key to England due to its defensive significance throughout history. ... The battle of Dover was a naval battle fought in early 1217 between an English fleet of 30-40 ships under Hubert de Burgh and a French fleet of 80 (mostly small craft) under Eustace the Monk. ... Eustaces capture and death at the Battle of Sandwich Not to be confused with the Battle of Sandwich (1460). ...

Regent to Henry III

After the death of William Marshal in 1219, de Burgh effectively became regent of England. In this position de Burgh acquired a number of enemies and rivals. William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146–1219) was an English aristocrat and statesman. ...

When Henry III came of age in 1227 de Burgh was made lord of Montgomery Castle in the Welsh Marches and Earl of Kent. He remained one of the most influential people at court. On April 27, 1228 he was named Justiciar for life.^[2] But in 1232 the plottings of his enemies finally succeeded and he was removed from office and soon was in prison. He escaped from Devizes Castle and joined the rebellion of Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke in 1233. In 1234, Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury effected a reconciliation. He officially resigned the Justiciarship about May 28, 1234, but had not exercised the power of the office after September 1232 .^[2] He again faced forfeiture in 1239, but retained some standing by granting several castles to the king, including the Trilateral in Wales. Montgomery Castle is a masonry castle looking over the town of Montgomery in mid Wales. ... The peerage title Earl of Kent has been created many times in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... Devizes Castle was in the town of Devizes, Wiltshire (grid reference SU002613). ... Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (died 1234, was the brother of William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, whom he succeeded to the earldom. ... Edmund Rich, also known as Saint Edmund or Eadmund of Canterbury, was Archbishop of Canterbury in 1234. ... The Archbishop of Canterbury is the spiritual leader and senior clergyman of the Church of England, recognized by convention as the head of the worldwide Anglican Communion. ...

Death

He died in 1243 in Banstead, Surrey, England and was buried at the church of the Black Friars in Holborn.

Marriages and issue

De Burgh married three times:

• (1) Beatrice de Warrenne, by whom he had two sons, John and Hubert. The former inherited de Burgh's estates but not his earldom or other titles.
• (2) Isabel of Gloucester, ex-wife of King John of England (c. 1217)
• (3) Princess Margaret of Scotland, daughter of King William I of Scotland and Ermengarde de Beaumont (1221), by whom he had a daughter, Margaret (c. 1222-1237), called "Megotta", who married Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester.

Before all these marriages he had a marriage contract with Joan, daughter of William de Reviers, 5th Earl of Devon, but that engagement was broken off in 1200. Isabel of Gloucester (d. ... This article is about the King of England. ... William I the Lion ( known in Gaelic as Uilliam Garm1 or William the Rough), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Son of Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford and Isabel Marshall, daughter of William Marshall and Isabel de Clare. ... The title of Earl of Gloucester was created several times in the Peerage of England. ... William de Reviers, 5th Earl of Devon (? – 10 September 1217), was the son of Baldwin de Redvers, 1st Earl of Devon and Adelise Baluun. ...

A 20th century descendant is Chris de Burgh. Chris de Burgh (born Christopher John Davison on October 15, 1948) is an Irish musician and songwriter. ...

Another 21st century relitive are Silas, Theo and Hugo de Burgh and their parent Shaun de Burgh also their Grand parent Michal de Burgh.

References

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Burgh, Hubert de.

• British History Online: Launceston Parish accessed on September 7, 2007
• Burke, Eamon "Burke People and Places", Dublin, 1995.
• Carpenter, D. A. "The Fall of Hubert De Burgh", Journal of British Studies, vol. 19 (1980)
• Ellis, C. Hubert de Burgh, A Study in Constancy (1952)
• Johnston, S.H.F. "The Lands of Hubert de Burgh", English Historical Review, vol. 50 (1935)
• Powicke, F. Maurice and E. B. Fryde Handbook of British Chronology 2nd. ed. London:Royal Historical Society 1961
• Weiss, Michael "The Castellan: The Early Career of Hubert de Burgh", Viator, vol. 5 (1974)
• Remfry, P.M., Grosmont Castle and the families of Fitz Osbern, Ballon, Fitz Count, Burgh and Braose (ISBN 1-899376-56-9)