NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hugh Everett

Hugh Everett III (November 11, 1930 – July 19, 1982) was an American physicist who first proposed the many-worlds interpretation(MWI) of quantum physics, which he called his "relative state" formulation. He left physics after completing his Ph. D., discouraged at the lack of response to his theories from other physicists. He developed the use of generalized lagrange multipliers in operations research and applied this commercially as a defense analyst and a consultant, becoming a multi-millionaire. He was married to Nancy Everett née Gore, with two children, Mark Oliver Everett and Elizabeth Everett. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area Ranked 42nd - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 kmÂ²) - Width 90 miles (145 km) - Length 249 miles (400 km) - % water 21 - Latitude 37Â°53N to 39Â°43N - Longitude 75Â°4W to 79Â°33... July 19 is the 200th day (201st in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 165 days remaining. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Boundaries of the McLean CDP as of 2003. ... Articles with similar titles include physician, a person who practices medicine. ... The Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) is a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) focusing on defense issues. ... Monowave is a small research company located in Seattle, WA, primarily involved in research on machine speech recognition. ... The Catholic University of America (abbreviated CUA), located in Washington, D.C., is unique as the national university of the Roman Catholic Church and as the only higher education institution founded by U.S. Roman Catholic bishops. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, in the United States of America. ... John Archibald Wheeler (born July 9, 1911) is an eminent American theoretical physicist. ... The many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics or MWI (also known as the relative state formulation, theory of the universal wavefunction, many-universes interpretation, Oxford interpretation or many worlds), is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that claims to resolve all the paradoxes of quantum theory by allowing every possible outcome... Fig. ... Mark Oliver Everett (born April 10, 1963, in Virginia) is the lead singer, guitarist and keyboardist of the pop band Eels. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... July 19 is the 200th day (201st in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 165 days remaining. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics or MWI (also known as the relative state formulation, theory of the universal wavefunction, many-universes interpretation, Oxford interpretation or many worlds), is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that claims to resolve all the paradoxes of quantum theory by allowing every possible outcome... Fig. ... Fig. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Operations management. ... Mark Oliver Everett (born April 10, 1963, in Virginia) is the lead singer, guitarist and keyboardist of the pop band Eels. ...

Biography

Everett was born in Maryland and raised in the Washington, D.C. area. After World War II, Everett's father was stationed in West Germany, and Hugh visited Leipzig in East Germany in 1949. He graduated from The Catholic University of America in 1953 in chemical engineering, and then received a National Science Foundation fellowship that allowed him to attend Princeton University. He started his studies at Princeton in the Mathematics Department working on the then-new field of game theory, but slowly drifted into physics. In 1953 he started taking his first physics courses, notably Introductory Quantum Mechanics with Robert Dicke. Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area Ranked 42nd - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 kmÂ²) - Width 90 miles (145 km) - Length 249 miles (400 km) - % water 21 - Latitude 37Â°53N to 39Â°43N - Longitude 75Â°4W to 79Â°33... Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D) - City Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2: Jack... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... [] (Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk) is the largest city in the federal state of Saxony in Germany with a population of over 504,000. ... GDR redirects here. ... The Catholic University of America (abbreviated CUA), located in Washington, D.C., is unique as the national university of the Roman Catholic Church and as the only higher education institution founded by U.S. Roman Catholic bishops. ... Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the application of physical science (e. ... The logo of the National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, in the United States of America. ... Game theory is often described as a branch of applied mathematics and economics that studies situations where multiple players make decisions in an attempt to maximize their returns. ... Robert Henry Dicke (May 6, 1916 – March 4, 1997) was an American physicist and astrophysicist. ...

For his second term at Princeton, starting in 1954, he moved into the Physics Department. His main course that year was Methods of Mathematical Physics with Eugene Wigner, although he stayed active in math and presented a paper on military game theory in December. He passed his general exams in the spring of 1955, thereby gaining his Master's degree, and then started work on his dissertation that would (much) later make him famous. He switched thesis advisors to John Wheeler some time in 1955, completed his paper in January 1956 as The Theory of the Universal Wave Function, and eventually defended his thesis after some delay in the spring of 1957. A short article summarizing his relative state interpretation appeared in Reviews of Modern Physics Vol 29 #3 454-462, (July 1957), accompanied by a supportive review by Wheeler. The physics world took little note. Eugene Wigner Eugene Paul Wigner (Hungarian Wigner PÃ¡l JenÅ‘) (November 17, 1902 â€“ January 1, 1995) was a Hungarian physicist and mathematician who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and... â€œM.S.â€ redirects here. ... John Archibald Wheeler (born 1911) is an American theoretical physicist. ...

Upon graduation in September 1956, Everett was invited to join the Pentagon's newly-forming Weapons Systems Evaluation Group (WSEG), run by the Institute for Defense Analyses. He was soon sent to Sandia National Laboratories to learn about nuclear weapons and became a fan of computer modelling while there. In 1957 he became director of the WSEG's Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. However, Everett soon had to leave work at WSEG to return to Princeton for his thesis defense. When he returned to WSEG he immediately recommenced his research, most of which remains classified. It is known that he worked on various studies of the Minuteman missile project, which was then starting, as well as The Distribution and Effects of Fallout in Large Nuclear Weapon Campaigns. The Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) is a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) focusing on defense issues. ... It has been suggested that Sandia Base be merged into this article or section. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 kilometers (11 mi) above the hypocenter. ... The LGM-30 Minuteman is a United States nuclear missile, a land-based intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) (the other type is the LG-118A Peacekeeper, which is to be phased out by 2005). ...

During March and April 1959, at Wheeler's request, Everett visited Copenhagen in order to meet with Niels Bohr, considered to be the "father of quantum mechanics". Bohr was unimpressed, and refused to take Everett's ideas very seriously. Everett was crestfallen, but while in his hotel he started work on a new idea to use Lagrange multipliers for optimization that would later lead to financial success. Niels (Henrik David) Bohr (October 7, 1885 â€“ November 18, 1962) was a Danish physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1922. ... Fig. ... Fig. ...

In August 1964 the Defense Research Corporation (DRC) spun off the Lambda Division to apply military modeling solutions to various civilian problems. Everett left the WSEG and became the head of the new Division, along with a million dollar budget. The next year they took the division public as Lambda Corporation, a think tank that returned primarily to military research. After three years he stepped down as president in order to focus on research, as by this point the company was growing so rapidly that administration duties were interfering. In the early 1970s the defense budgets were curtailed and most money went to operational duties in the Vietnam War, leading to Lambda eventually being re-purchased by the DRC, now known as General Research Corp. This article is about the institution. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam Peopleâ€™s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000...

In 1973 Everett left Lambda to form DBS Corporation in Arlington, Virginia, a computer consulting firm. Much of their work appears to have been in statistical analysis. He appears to have enjoyed programming, and spent the rest of his life working at DBS. He also opened Monowave Corporation with several DBS and family friends. Arlington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia (which calls itself a commonwealth), directly across the Potomac River from Washington, DC. By an act of Congress July 9, 1846, the area south of the Potomac was returned to Virginia effective in 1847 As of 2000... Monowave is a small research company located in Seattle, WA, primarily involved in research on machine speech recognition. ...

In 1970 Bryce DeWitt wrote an article for Physics Today on Everett's relative-state theory. This time the physics world seemed much more interested, and a flood of letters followed. Meanwhile Bryce DeWitt, who had corresponded with Everett on the many-worlds (DeWitt's phrase) / relative state interpretation when originally published in 1957, started editing an anthology on interpretations of quantum mechanics gathered from over 500 papers. The book was published late in 1973, and it was not long before an article on Everett's work appeared in the science fiction magazine, Analog. In 1977 he was invited to give a talk at a meeting Wheeler arranged at Wheeler's new location at the University of Texas at Austin, where Everett was the star of the show and continually surrounded by a throng of "groupie" students. As his fame grew, Wheeler eventually started the process of returning Everett to a physics career by setting up a new research institute in California, but nothing came of this proposal. Martin Gardner^[1] states that Wheeler subsequently came to reject the MWI. Dr. Bryce S. DeWitt (January 8, 1923—September 23, 2004) was a theoretical physicist best known for his role in formulating the fundamental Wheeler_deWitt equation. ... Physics Today magazine, created in 1948, is the flagship publication of The American Institute of Physics. ... Dr. Bryce S. DeWitt (January 8, 1923—September 23, 2004) was a theoretical physicist best known for his role in formulating the fundamental Wheeler_deWitt equation. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... The University of Texas at Austin, often called UT or Texas, is a doctoral/research university located in Austin, Texas. ... Martin Gardner (b. ...

Everett died suddenly at home on July 19, 1982 of a heart attack at the age of only 51. His constant chain-smoking and heavy drinking likely had something to do with this, although he was outwardly healthy at the time. Currently, of the companies Everett founded, only Monowave Corporation still exists (now in Seattle) and is still run by Elaine Tsiang. July 19 is the 200th day (201st in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 165 days remaining. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Acute myocardial infarction (AMI or MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a disease state that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is interrupted. ... Chain smoking is the practice of lighting a new cigarette for personal consumption immediately after one that is finished, sometimes using the finished cigarette to light the next one. ... Monowave is a small research company located in Seattle, WA, primarily involved in research on machine speech recognition. ... City nickname Emerald City City bird Great Blue Heron City flower Dahlia City mottos The City of Flowers The City of Goodwill City song Seattle, the Peerless City Mayor Greg Nickels County King County Area - Total - Land - Water - % water 369. ...

Everett's daughter, Elizabeth, suffered from schizophrenia and committed suicide in 1996, and in 1998, his wife, Nancy, died of cancer. Everett's son, Mark Oliver Everett, is also known as "E", the lead singer and songwriter for the band Eels. The Eels album Electro-Shock Blues, which was written during this time period, is reflective of these family deaths. Mark Oliver Everett (born April 10, 1963, in Virginia) is the lead singer, guitarist and keyboardist of the pop band Eels. ... Eels (also sometimes eels or EELS, depending on the album) is an American rock band formed by singer/songwriter Mark Oliver Everett, better known as Mr. ... Electro-Shock Blues is the second album by the band Eels, released in 1998. ...

Contents

Biography

See Also

Footnotes

Many-Worlds References

Operations Research References

Biographical Sources

Contents

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See Also

Footnotes

Many-Worlds References

Operations Research References

Biographical Sources

Biography