Hulaulá is a modern The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... Jewish Aramaic is a Semitic language with a 3,000-year history. It has been the language of administration of empires and the language of divine worship. It is the original language of large sections of the biblical books of Daniel and Ezra, and is the main language of the Talmud... Aramaic language, often called Neo-Aramaic or Judeo-Aramaic. It was originally spoken in Iranian Kurdistan. Most speakers now live in The State of Israel (Hebrew: מדינת ישראל, translit.: Medinat Yisrael; Arabic: دولة اسرائيل, translit.: Daulat Israil) is a country in the Middle East on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea... Israel. The name Hulaulá simply means 'Jewish'. Speakers sometimes call their language Lishana Noshan or Lishana Akhni, both of which mean 'our language'. To distinguish it from other dialects of Jewish Neo-Aramaic, Hulaulá is sometimes called Galiglu ('mine-yours'), demonstrating different use of prepositions and pronominal suffixes. Scholarly sources tend simply to call it Persian Kurdistani Jewish Neo-Aramaic.

Origin and use today

Hulaulá sits at the southeastern extreme of the wide area over which various Neo-Aramaic dialects used to be spoken. From Sanandaj (in Persian: سنندج) is the capital of the Iranian province of Kurdistan, which is situated in the western part of Iran bordering Iraq. Categories: Iran geography stubs | Cities in Iran ... Sanandaj, the capital of Kurdistan Province, Iran, the area extended north, to the banks of Satellite image of Lake Urmia, taken in November 2003 Lake Urmia (Persian: دریاچهٔ ارومیه) is a salt lake in northwestern Iran, in Iranian Azarbaijan (between the provinces of East Azarbaijan and West Azarbaijan), west of the Caspian Sea. It... Lake Urmia. From there, it extended west to Lake Van (in Turkish Van Gölü) is the largest lake in Turkey, located in the far east of the country. It is a saline lake with no outlet, receiving water from numerous small streams that descend from the surrounding mountains. The lake is 120 km long, 80 km wide... Lake Van (in The Republic of Turkey is a country located in Southwest Asia with a small part of its territory (3%) in southeastern Europe. Until 1922, the country was the center of the Ottoman Empire. The Anatolian peninsula, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, forms the core of the country... Turkey), and south onto the Plain of Mosūl ( Kurdish: Mûsil, Arabic: موصل, al Mawsil) or Nineveh ( Syriac: ܢܝܢܘܐ) is a city in northern Iraq/Central Assyria. It stands on the right bank of the Tigris River, some 350 km (220 miles) northwest of Baghdad. The population... Mosul (in The Republic of Iraq is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia. It shares borders with Kuwait and Saudi-Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the north-west, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east. Its current leadership... Iraq). Then it headed east again, through This article is about the province of Iraq. There is also a city of the same name, see Arbil, Iraq Arbīl (أربيل, also transliterated as Irbil or Erbil) is one of the provinces of Iraq. It is in the north of the country. Its... Arbil, back to Sanandaj (in Persian: سنندج) is the capital of the Iranian province of Kurdistan, which is situated in the western part of Iran bordering Iraq. Categories: Iran geography stubs | Cities in Iran ... Sanandaj.

Hulaulá is somewhat intelligible with the Jewish Neo-Aramaic of Lake Urmia and The Iranian Azerbaijan or Iranian Azarbaijan (Persian: آذربایجان ایران; Āzarbāyjān-e Irān) is a region in the northwest of Iran, approximately consisting of the provinces of Ardabil, East Azarbaijan, and West... Iranian Azerbaijan: Lishán Didán is a modern Jewish Aramaic language, often called Neo-Aramaic or Judeo-Aramaic. It was originally spoken in Iranian Azerbaijan, in the region of Lake Urmia, from Salmas to Mahabad. Most speakers now live in Israel. The name Lishán Didán means our language; other... Lishan Didan. It is also somewhat intelligible with its western neighbour, the Jewish Neo-Aramaic of Arbil: Lishanid Noshan is a modern Jewish Aramaic language, often called Neo-Aramaic or Judeo-Aramaic. It was originally spoken in southern and eastern Iraqi Kurdistan, in the region of Arbil. Most speakers now live in Israel. Lishanid Noshan means the language of our selves; speakers often also call it Lishana... Lishanid Noshan. However, it is unintelligible with the Christian Neo-Aramaic of Sanandaj: The Senaya language is a modern Eastern Aramaic or Syriac language. It is the language of Aramaic-speaking Christians originally from Sanandaj in Iranian Kurdistan. Most Senaya speakers now live in Tehran and are members of the Chaldean Catholic Church. Origin, history and use today The city of Sanandaj is... Senaya. Christians and Jews spoke completely different Neo-Aramaic languages in the same region. Hulaulá is sometimes called Targumic, due to the long tradition of translating the 11th century manuscript of the Hebrew Bible with Targum Hebrew Bible refers to the common portions of the Jewish and Christian canons. Its use is favored by most academic Biblical scholars as a bias-free term that is preferred to both Tanakh and Old Testament when discussing the text in... Hebrew Bible into Aramaic, and the production of A targum (plural: targumim) is an Aramaic translation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) written or compiled in the Land of Israel or in Babylonia from the Second Temple period until the early Middle Ages (late first millennium). As translations, the targumim largely reflect rabbinic (i.e. midrashic) interpretation of the... targums.

The various dialects of Hulaulá were clustered around the major settlement areas of Jews in the region: the cities of Sanandaj (in Persian: سنندج) is the capital of the Iranian province of Kurdistan, which is situated in the western part of Iran bordering Iraq. Categories: Iran geography stubs | Cities in Iran ... Sanandaj and Saqqez or Saghez (سقز) is a city in Kurdistan province of Iran. Its estimated population as of 2004 is 132,100. Kurds have lived in Saqqez and the surrounding region since approximately 1,000 B.C., and many believe that the citys first known inhabitants, the Medes... Saqqez in Kurdistan Province, Iran, with a southern outpost at Kerend, and a cluster in the The Republic of Iraq is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia. It shares borders with Kuwait and Saudi-Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the north-west, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east. Its current leadership... Iraqi city of Sulaymānīyah (السليمانية) is a city in the southeast of greater Kurdistan and the northeast of Iraq, located at 35.55°N, 45.45°E. It is the capital of Sulaymaniyah province (part of the Kurdish Autonomous Region... Sulaymaniyah. Hulaulá is full of loanwords from The Modern Hebrew language is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family. What makes it unique is that the original Hebrew Bible, the Torah, that Orthodox Judaism teaches to have been recorded in the time of Moses 3,300 years ago, was written in Biblical Classical Hebrew. Jews... Hebrew, Persian (فارسی), also known as Farsi (local name), Parsi (older local name, but still used by some speakers), Tajik (a Central Asian dialect) or Dari (an Afghan dialect), is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. It has official-language status in the first... Persian and Geographic distribution The Kurdish languages (also called dialects of Kurdish) are spoken in the region loosely called Kurdistan including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. Classification and related languages The Kurdish languages belong to the northwestern group of the Iranian branch of the Indo-European family... Kurdish.

The upheavals in their traditional region after the Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. Battle aftermath. Remains of the Chateau Wood World War I (also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations, and the War to End All Wars) was a world conflict occurring from 1914 to... First World War and the founding of the State of The State of Israel (Hebrew: מדינת ישראל, translit.: Medinat Yisrael; Arabic: دولة اسرائيل, translit.: Daulat Israil) is a country in the Middle East on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea... Israel led most of the Persian Jews to settle in the new homeland in the early Events and trends Technology United States tests the first fusion bomb. See History of nuclear weapons Sputnik, the first man-made satellite, and thus the Sputnik crisis The De Havilland Comet enters service as the worlds first jet airliner Charles Townes builds a maser in 1953 at Columbia University... 1950s. Most older speakers still have Geographic distribution The Kurdish languages (also called dialects of Kurdish) are spoken in the region loosely called Kurdistan including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. Classification and related languages The Kurdish languages belong to the northwestern group of the Iranian branch of the Indo-European family... Kurdish as a second language, while younger generations have The Modern Hebrew language is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family. What makes it unique is that the original Hebrew Bible, the Torah, that Orthodox Judaism teaches to have been recorded in the time of Moses 3,300 years ago, was written in Biblical Classical Hebrew. Jews... Hebrew. Hulaulá is the strongest of all the Jewish Neo-Aramaic languages, with around 10,000 speakers. Almost all of these live in Israel, with a few remaining in Iran, and some in the The word Usa has more than one meaning: U.S.A. - The United States of America Usa, Oita - A city in Japan This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you... USA.

Hulaulá is written in the This article is mainly about Hebrew letters. For Hebrew diacritical marks, see niqqud (for the vowel points) and cantillation. The Hebrew alphabet is a set of 22 letters used for writing the Hebrew language. It is has also been used in mildly adapted forms for writing several languages of the... Hebrew alphabet. Spelling tends to be highly phonetic, and elided letters are not written.

References

• Heinrichs, Wolfhart (ed.) (1990). Studies in Neo-Aramaic. Scholars Press: Atlanta, Georgia. ISBN 1-55540-430-8.
• Maclean, Arthur John (1895). Grammar of the dialects of vernacular Syriac: as spoken by the Eastern Syrians of Kurdistan, north-west Persia, and the Plain of Mosul: with notices of the vernacular of the Jews of Azerbaijan and of Zakhu near Mosul. Cambridge University Press, London.

See also

• Aramaic is a Semitic language with a 3,000-year history. It has been the language of administration of empires and the language of divine worship. It is the original language of large sections of the biblical books of Daniel and Ezra, and is the main language of the Talmud... Aramaic language
• Jewish languages: The oldest and most treasured books of the Jewish people have been the Torah and Tanakh (i.e. the Hebrew Bible) written almost entirely in Biblical Hebrew and widely used by Jews during their history. Jews zealously studied these detailed Hebrew texts, observed the commandments formulated in them... Jewish languages
• Aramaic was for a long time (between the later Assyrian empire and the Abbasid Caliphate) a lingua franca in the Middle East; its alphabet, though itself derived from the Phoenician alphabet, therefore superseded the Old Hebrew alphabet that had been independently descended from the Phoenician alphabet. It is no longer... Aramaic alphabet

External links

• Ethnologue report for Hulaulá (http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=HUY).