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Encyclopedia > Human penis size

Human penis size refers to the length and width of human male genitalia. Some individuals consider a large penis a sign of masculinity and a small penis a sign of not being able to satisfy a partner's sexual needs. Interest in larger penis sizes have led to an industry devoted to penis enlargement. A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, narrowly defined, is any of those parts of the body (which are not always bodily organs according to the strict definition) which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute the reproductive system in an complex organism; namely: Male: penis (notably the glans penis... The penis (plural penises, penes) is an external male sexual organ. ... Look up masculine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Penis enlargement procedures (sometimes referred to as male enhancement procedures in spam email and television advertisements) are techniques alleged to make the human penis larger. ...


Compared to other primates, even larger primates such as the gorilla, the male human genitalia are remarkably large. The human penis is both longer and thicker than that of any other primate both in absolute terms and in relative size compared to the rest of the body.[1] Families 15, See classification A primate is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. ... Type species Troglodytes gorilla Savage, 1847 distribution of Gorilla Species Gorilla gorilla Gorilla beringei The gorilla, the largest of the living primates, is a ground-dwelling omnivore that inhabits the forests of Africa. ... Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin: wise man or knowing man) in the family Hominidae (the great apes). ... A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, narrowly defined, is any of those parts of the body (which are not always bodily organs according to the strict definition) which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute the reproductive system in an complex organism; namely: Male: penis (notably the glans penis...

Contents

Measuring the penis

Circumference

Penis circumference or girth is measured by using a tape measure or a piece of string and a ruler while the penis is completely erect. It is variously quoted as an average of three measurements: just below the glans penis, in the middle of the shaft, and at the base.[2] The circumference is the distance around a closed curve. ... Girth is the circumference of a cylindrical object. ... Self-retracting pocket tape measure plastic tape measure A tape measure or measuring tape is a ribbon of cloth, plastic, or metal with linear-measure markings, often in both imperial and metric units. ... Look up String in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


Problems

A penis must be completely erect in order to obtain an accurate measurement. This may be difficult to achieve in a clinical setting. At least one Brazilian doctor resorted to injecting penises with drugs to induce erection, which gave more consistent results.[3] Some clinicians measure the penis by stretching the flaccid penis as far as comfortably possible. Self-reported measurements tend to be unreliable because men often want to report a larger penis size.[citation needed]


Studies on penis size

Self-measurement studies are typically unreliable. Studies have consistently shown that when submitting measurements anonymously in on-line surveys, the average stated penis size is larger than in clinical studies. This is likely due to cultural factors.[citation needed]


Size at birth

Frequency graph of LifeStyles data
Frequency graph of LifeStyles data
Percentile plot of LifeStyles data
Percentile plot of LifeStyles data
Plot of LifeStyles data of circumference
Plot of LifeStyles data of circumference
Percentile plot of LifeStyles data of circumference
Percentile plot of LifeStyles data of circumference

The average stretched penile length at birth is about 4 cm (1.6 in), and 90% of newborn boys will be between 2.4 and 5.5 cm (0.9 and 2.2 in). Limited growth of the penis occurs between birth and 5 years of age, but very little occurs between 5 years and the onset of puberty. The average size at the beginning of puberty is 6 cm (2.4 in) with adult size reached about 5 years later. W.A. Schonfeld published a penis growth curve in 1943.[4] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1093x650, 43 KB) Summary Self made Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1093x650, 43 KB) Summary Self made Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1123x680, 46 KB) Summary Self made Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1123x680, 46 KB) Summary Self made Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (834x366, 50 KB) Summary Self produced, released under GFDL Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (834x366, 50 KB) Summary Self produced, released under GFDL Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Penis_circum_percentile. ... Image File history File links Penis_circum_percentile. ... Puberty refers to the process of physical changes by which a childs body becomes an adult body capable of reproduction. ...


Size with aging

Age is not believed to negatively correlate with penis size. “Individual research studies have ... suggested that penis size is smaller in studies focusing on older men, but Wylie and Eardley found no overall differences when they collated the results of various studies [over a 60 year period].”[5]


Erect length

Several scientific studies have been performed on the erect length of the adult penis. Studies which have relied on self-measurement, including those from Internet surveys, consistently reported a higher average length than those which used medical or scientific methods to obtain measurements.[citation needed] The erection of the penis, clitoris or a nipple is its enlarged and firm state. ...

  • A study published in the September 1996 Journal of Urology concluded that average erect length was 12.9 cm (5.08 in) (Measured by staff).[6] The purpose of the study was to “provide guidelines of penile length and circumference to assist in counseling patients considering penile augmentation.” Erection was pharmacologically induced in 80 physically normal American men (varying ethnicity, average age 54). It was concluded: “Neither patient age nor size of the flaccid penis accurately predicted erectile length.”
  • A study published in the December 2000 International Journal of Impotence Research found that average erect penis length was 13.6 cm (5.35 in) (Measured by staff).[7] Quote: "The aim of this prospective study was to identify clinical and engineering parameters of the flaccid penis for prediction of penile size during erection." Erection was pharmacologically induced in 50 Jewish Caucasian patients who had been evaluated for Erectile dysfunction (average age 47±14y). Patients with penis abnormalities or whose ED could be attributed to more than one psychological origin were omitted from the study.
  • A study conducted by LifeStyles Condoms found an average of 14.9 cm (5.9 in) with a standard deviation of 2.1 cm (0.8 in) (Measured by staff).[8] The purpose of this study was to ensure properly sized condoms were available. 401 college students volunteered to be measured during 2001 Spring Break in Cancún, Mexico, of which 300 gained an erection to be clinically measured (without pharmacological aid). Some of these factors may meet the definition of possible sample bias.[9]

Erectile dysfunction (ED) or impotence is a sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis. ... Giant Mexican flag in the Hotel Zone Cancún (pronounced as IPA: ) is a coastal city in Mexicos easternmost state, Quintana Roo. ... A biased sample is one that is falsely taken to be typical of a population from which it is drawn. ...

Erect circumference

  • A study conducted by LifeStyles Condoms during 2001 Spring Break in Cancún found an average of 12.6 cm (5.0 in) with a standard deviation of 1.3 cm (0.5 in).[8]

Similar results exist regarding studies of the circumference of the adult fully erect penis, with the measurement taken mid-shaft.[citation needed] As with length, studies that relied on self-measurement consistently reported a higher average than those with staff measuring. Giant Mexican flag in the Hotel Zone Cancún (pronounced as IPA: ) is a coastal city in Mexicos easternmost state, Quintana Roo. ... The circumference is the distance around a closed curve. ... The erection of the penis, clitoris or a nipple is its enlarged and firm state. ...


Flaccid length

One study found the mean flaccid penis length to be 8.8 cm (3.5 in) (measured by staff).[6]Length of the flaccid penis does not necessarily correspond to length of the erect penis; some smaller flaccid penises can grow much larger, and some larger flaccid penises can not grow much larger.


The penis and scrotum can contract involuntarily in reaction to cold temperatures or nervousness, referred to by the slang term "shrinkage", due to action by the cremaster muscle. The cremaster muscle is a muscle that covers the testis. ...


Penis enlargement surgery

Main article: Penis Enlargement

Surgical techniques used for penis enlargement (enhancement phalloplasty) -- penis lengthening and penile widening (girth enhancement) -- have been in the urologic literature for many years. Penis enlargement procedures (sometimes referred to as male enhancement procedures in spam email and television advertisements) are techniques alleged to make the human penis larger. ...


There two basic ways of enlarging the penis:

  1. Penis lengthening surgery[10] involves the release of the fundiform ligament and the suspensory ligament that attaches the 2 erectile bodies to the pubic bone. Once these ligaments have been cut, part of the penile shaft (usually held within the body) drops forward and extends out, enlarging the penis in 2-3 cm.
  2. Penis widening with PMMA injection. This method involves injection of silicone, PMMA[11] and other materials into the penis and scrotum, to achieve girth enlargement.

Structure of PMMA: (C5O2H8)n Structure of methyl methacrylate Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polymethyl-2-methylpropanoate is the synthetic polymer of methyl methacrylate. ... Silicones (more accurately called polymerized siloxanes or polysiloxanes) are inorganic-organic polymers with the chemical formula [R2SiO]n, where R = organic groups such as methyl, ethyl, and phenyl. ... Structure of PMMA: (C5O2H8)n Structure of methyl methacrylate Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polymethyl-2-methylpropanoate is the synthetic polymer of methyl methacrylate. ...

Perceptions of penis size

Historical perceptions

A Priapus figure from Pompeii. Large penises were considered undesirable for men to possess and often depicted for comic effect in ancient Rome.[citation needed]

In ancient Greek art, it is common to see smaller male genitalia than one would expect for the size of the man.[12] Renaissance art also followed this aesthetic; note Michelangelo's David. Sources suggest in ancient Greece an uncircumcised and small penis was culturally seen as desirable in a man, whereas a bigger or circumcised penis was viewed as comical or grotesque, usually being found on "fertility gods, half-animal critters such as satyrs, ugly old men, and barbarians."[12] Image File history File links Mercury_god. ... Image File history File links Mercury_god. ... Bronze sculpture of Priapus making an offering to his phallus, House of the Vettii, Pompeii Fresco of Priapus, House of the Vettii, Pompeii. ... Pompeii is a ruined Roman city near modern Naples in the Italian region of Campania, in the territory of the comune of Pompei. ... The Renaissance (French for rebirth, or Rinascimento in Italian), was a cultural movement in Italy (and in Europe in general) that began in the late Middle Ages, and spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century. ... Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (March 6, 1475 – February 18, 1564), commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet and engineer. ... David by Michelangelo. ...


Modern perceptions

Both men and women show a marked tendency to rate their own visible sexual organs as less satisfactory in size, than they are rated by the opposite gender. In men this gives rise to concerns over penis size, in women concerns over breast size. The term breast, also known by the Latin mamma in anatomy, refers to the upper ventral region of an animals torso, particularly that of mammals, including human beings. ...


A 2003 study found only 55% of men were satisfied with their penis size, whereas 85% of women were satisfied with their partner’s penis size, and only 6% of women rated their partner as smaller than average.[13] In the same data set, 70% of women expressed dissatisfaction with their breasts, whereas the majority of men (56%) were satisfied with their partner's breasts and only 20% of men wished their partner had larger breasts.[14]


Males may quite easily underestimate the size of their own penis relative to that of others, because of the foreshortening obtained from looking down, or because of the accumulation of fat at the base of the penis.[15] A survey by sexologists showed that many men who believed that their penis was of inadequate size had average-sized penises.[citation needed] Another study found sex education of standard penile measurements to be helpful and relieving for patients concerned of small penis size, most of whom had incorrect beliefs of what is considered medically normal.[16] Foreshortening refers to the visual effect or optical illusion that an object or distance is shorter than it actually is because it is angled toward the viewer. ... Sexology is the systematic study of human sexuality. ...


A study undertaken at Utrecht University found that the majority of homosexual men in the study regarded a large penis as ideal, and having one was linked to self esteem.[17]


Popular culture

Culturally, widespread private concerns related to penis size have led to a number of folklore sayings and popular culture reflections related to penis size. These include beliefs that it is possible to predict the size of someone's penis by observing other bodily features such as the hands, feet, nose or height, and in some cases so-called "penis-panic" - a form of mass hysteria involving the believed removal or shrinking of the penis, known as genital retraction syndrome. Penis size, and sexual anxiety generally, have led to products such as penis pumps, pills, and other dubious means of enlargement becoming some of the most marketed products in spam mail. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Popular culture, sometimes called pop culture, consists of widespread cultural elements in any given society. ... The penis (plural penises, penes) is an external male sexual organ. ... Alternate meanings: Hand (disambiguation) A human left hand The hand (med. ... This article is about a foot as a unit of length. ... For the article about nose in humans, see human nose. ... Mass hysteria, or collective hysteria, is the sociopsychological phenomenon of the manifestation of the same hysterical symptoms by more than one person. ... A penis panic is a colloquial term referring to a type of mass hysteria or panic where males grow fearful of removal or shrinking of the penis. ... Penis enlargement procedures (sometimes referred to as male enhancement procedures in spam email and television advertisements) are techniques alleged to make the human penis larger. ... Penis enlargement procedures (sometimes referred to as male enhancement procedures in spam email and television advertisements) are techniques alleged to make the human penis larger. ... E-mail spam, also known as bulk or junk e-mail is a subset of spam that involves sending nearly identical messages to numerous recipients by e-mail. ...


The suggested link between penis size, foot size and height has been investigated by a relatively small number of groups. Two of these studies have suggested a link between penis size and foot size, while the most recent report dismissed these findings.[citation needed] One of the studies suggesting a link relied on the subjects measuring the size of their own penis, which may well be inaccurate. The second study found statistically significant although "weak" correlation between the size of the stretched penis and foot size and height.[citation needed] A potential explanation for these observations is that the development of the penis in an embryo is controlled by some of the same Hox genes (in particular HOXA13 and HOXD13)[18] as those that control the development of the limbs. Mutations of some Hox genes that control the growth of limbs cause malformed genitalia (hand–foot–genital syndrome).[19] However the most recent investigation[20] failed to find any evidence for a link between shoe size and stretched penis size.[21] Given the large number of genes which control the development of the human body shape, and the effects of hormones during childhood and adolescence, it would seem unlikely that an accurate prediction of penis size could be made by measuring a different part of the human body. A homeobox is a stretch of DNA sequence found in genes involved in the regulation of the development (morphogenesis) of animals, fungi and plants. ... Morphogenesis (from the Greek morphê shape and genesis creation) is one of three fundamental aspects of developmental biology along with the control of cell growth and cellular differentiation. ...


Other studies correlating the size of the human penis with other factors have given intriguing results. Notably one study analysing the self-reported Kinsey data set found that homosexual men had statistically larger penises than their heterosexual counterparts.[22] One potential explanation given is a difference in the exposure to androgen hormones in the developing embryo. The study author's opinion is that evidence points towards both orientations being equally likely to exaggerate.[23] Kinsey can refer to: Alfred Kinsey, entomologist and father of the field of sexology Kinsey, the 2004 film about Alfred Kinsey This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...


Recently, there has been greater media attention to the issue of penis size and women being more vocal about their preferences. Television shows such as Sex and the City and Ally McBeal popularized the penis-size issue when characters in these TV shows stated their preference for well-endowed men and rejected men who had only average endowment. Sex and the City has also shown a character expressing displeasure over her partner having too large a penis, described in comic hyperbolic terms. The media have also been criticized for making "penis envy" into a male body issue equivalent to Cosmopolitan magazine being criticized for their coverage of women's weight. Sex and the City is a popular American cable television program. ... Ally McBeal is an American television series which ran on the FOX network from 1997 to 2002 and was one of the best-known dramedy television series of the 1990s winning several awards. ... Sex and the City is a popular American cable television program. ... June 1936 issue Cosmopolitan is a magazine for women, sometimes referred to as Cosmo, which has been published for more than a century. ...


Sexual preference

One source of continued debate is the extent to which heterosexual and bisexual women actually prefer certain penis sizes. In a 2005 UCLA study, 85% of women said they were "very satisfied" with the size of their romantic partner's penis.[24] Heterosexuality is a sexual orientation characterized by esthetic attraction, romantic love or sexual desire exclusively for members of the opposite sex or gender, contrasted with homosexuality and distinguished from bisexuality and asexuality. ... In human sexuality, bisexuality describes a man or woman having a sexual orientation to persons of either or both sexes (a man or woman who sexually likes both sexes; people who are sexually and/or romantically attracted to both males and females). ...


A study published in BMC Women's Health, surveyed women's preferences concerning penis size and concluded that width rather than length is a more important factor of sexual stimulation.[25]


Similar results were found in a cover story published in Psychology Today,[26][27] which surveyed 1,500 readers (about 2/3 women) about male body image. Many of the women were not particularly concerned with penis size and over 71% thought men overemphasized the importance of penis size and shape. Details were examined among the women with a size preference. Generally women cared more about width than men thought, and less about length. "...the number one reason women preferred a thicker penis was that it was more satisfying during intercourse." It's suggested this is because a wider penis provides more friction to the clitoral area while a longer penis reaches an area less stimulable. The same article comments that there is a strong correlation whereby “Women who rated themselves as more attractive were particularly concerned with larger size. Of women describing themselves as much more attractive than average," 64 percent cared strongly or moderately about penis width, and 54 percent cared about penis length. Women who rated their own looks as average were about 20 percentage points lower.” The clitoris (Greek ) is a sexual organ that is present in biologically female mammals. ...


Another study, conducted at Groningen University Hospital, asked 375 sexually active women (who had recently given birth) the importance of penis size and concluded: "Although clearly in the minority, a nevertheless considerable percentage of the women respondents attached substantial importance to the size of the male sexual organ".[28]


The term size queen is slang terminology for a person of either sex who prefers a larger-than-average penis on their sexual partner(s).[29][30] The penis (plural penises, penes) is an external male sexual organ. ...


Penis size and vaginal response

According to some sex researchers and therapists, several misconceptions have developed surrounding penile-vaginal intercourse.[31] Many men exaggerate the importance of deep vaginal penetration in stimulating a woman to orgasm.


The most sensitive area of the vagina is the section closest to the outside of a woman's body, which is roughly 10 centimeters (4 in) in length. Given that the average penis size is above this length, the majority of penises are of sufficient length to satisfy their partners.


Some women find striking the cervix to be uncomfortable or painful, while others report enjoying stimulation of the cervix.[32] The cervix may be confused with the anterior or posterior fornix, the deepest point of the vagina, above and below the cervix, respectively.[33] The cervix and fornix are within close proximity of each other, making it possible for there to be indirect and/or simultaneous stimulation between them[34]. The fornices of the vagina are the deepest portions of the vagina, extending into the recesses created by the extension of the cervix into the vaginal space. ...


The fornix is said to be another possible orgasm trigger area.[35] Tests have shown that pressure on this area causes the vagina to lubricate very quickly.[36] The area of sexual response in the anterior fornix has also been called the epicentre, T-Spot, AFE-Zone, AFE or A-Spot; while in the posterior fornix it has been called epicenter (as well) or cul-de-sac (since the cul-de-sac, AKA rectouterine pouch, may be indirectly stimulated by pressure on the posterior fornix [34]). The rectouterine pouch (or rectouterine excavation, or rectovaginal) is the extension of the peritoneal cavity between the rectum and back wall of the uterus in the female human body. ...


During arousal, the vagina lengthens rapidly to an average of about 4 in.(8.5 cm), but can continue to lengthen in response to pressure.[37] As the woman becomes fully aroused, the vagina tents (last ²⁄₃ expands in length and width) while the cervix retracts,[38]. The walls of the vagina are composed of soft elastic folds of mucous membrane skin which stretch or contract (with support from pelvic muscles) to the size of the penis.[39] This means (with proper arousal) the vagina stretches/contracts to accommodate virtually any size penis, from small to large.[40]


Other variance in penis size

Micropenis

Main article: Micropenis

An adult penis with an erect length of less than 7 cm or just over 2 inches but otherwise formed normally is referred to in a medical context as having the micropenis condition.[41] Some of the identifiable causes are deficiency of pituitary growth hormone and/or gonadotropins, mild degrees of androgen insensitivity, a variety of genetic syndromes, and variations in certain Homeobox genes. Some types of micropenis can be addressed with growth hormone or testosterone treatment in early childhood. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Growth hormone deficiency is the medical condition of inadequate production of growth hormone (GH) and its effects on children and adults. ... Gonadotropins are protein hormones secreted by gonadotrope cells of the pituitary gland of vertebrates. ... Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS, or Androgen resistance syndrome) is a set of disorders of sexual differentiation that results from mutations of the gene encoding the androgen receptor. ... A homeobox is a DNA sequence found within genes that are involved in the regulation of development (morphogenesis) of animals, fungi and plants. ... Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. ...


A news post on New Scientist dated December 6, 2004 reads "A new surgical procedure has allowed men with abnormally short penises to enjoy a full sex life and urinate standing up, some for the first time. Tiny "micro-penises" have been enlarged to normal size without losing any erogenous sensation, say UK doctors."[42] New Scientist is a weekly international science magazine covering recent developments in science and technology for a general English-speaking audience. ... December 6 is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Race and penis size

To date, there has been no conclusive study linking penis size and race. All studies up to this point have been subject to both self selection bias and sample size flaws.


Penis size and condom use

Various studies have examined condom breakage. Ninety-two monogamous heterosexual couples (aged 18 to 40 for women, 18-50 for men) were enrolled in a prospective study of Durex Ramses condoms.[43] At each sexual encounter, a diary was completed which included information on condom use, and breaks and slips. In France a random telephone survey[44] of 20,000 individuals drew on 4,500 sexually active people, of whom 731 had used a condom in the previous year and 707 provided information on difficulties of use. In Australia 3658 condoms were used by 184 men in a study which looked, inter alia, at penis size as a factor for breakage or slippage.[45] A condom is a device, usually made of latex, or more recently polyurethane, that is used during sexual intercourse. ... The brand Durex is used for a number of unrelated products around the world. ... A condom is a device, usually made of latex, or more recently polyurethane, that is used during sexual intercourse. ...


Although the most common type of condom, made of latex, have great ability to stretch, they are vulnerable to dry friction (ie, the dry rubbing motion of sexual activity when there is tight pressure or a lack of smooth lubricated movement) as well as other mistakes of usage.[46] For example, in a separate study[citation needed] of people practicing anal sex, condom breakage was linked more to excessive friction (in this case due to low usage of a sexual lubricant) than to penis size per se. This does not cite any references or sources. ... Roman men having anal sex. ... This article needs cleanup. ...


The rate of condom breakage for correctly used condoms was 1.34% and of slippage 2.05%, with a total failure rate of 3.39%. Penis size did not influence slippage, but penis circumference and broken condoms were strongly correlated, with larger sizes increasing the rate of breakage.


See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... For the Crass album, see Penis Envy (album). ... Phalloplasty refers to the (re-)construction of a penis or, sometimes, to artificial modification of the penis by surgery, often for cosmetic purposes. ... Penis enlargement procedures (sometimes referred to as male enhancement procedures in spam email and television advertisements) are techniques alleged to make the human penis larger. ...

Notes

  1. ^ Small, Meredith F., What's Love Got to Do With It? The Evolution of Human Mating, 1995, Anchor Books
  2. ^ Correctly measuring your erection: Length * circumference. www.afraidtoask.com (2007-03-02). Retrieved on 2007-03-02.
  3. ^ http://www.free-condom-stuff.com/penis_size.asp
  4. ^ Schonfeld, W. A. (1943). Primary and secondary sexual characteristics: Study of their development in males from birth through maturity, with biometric study of penis and testes. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 65, 535.
  5. ^ Men Worry More About Penile Size Than Women, Says 60-year-old Research Review. ScienceDaily (December 7, 2004). Retrieved on 2007-06-25.
  6. ^ a b Wessels, H (1996-9-1). Penile Length in the Flaccid and Erect States: Guidelines for Penile Augmentation. Retrieved on 2007-06-05.
  7. ^ Chen, J (2000-12-1). Predicting penile size during erection. Retrieved on 2006-09-23.
  8. ^ a b ANSELL RESEARCH - The Penis Size Survey (March 2001). Retrieved on 2006-07-13.
  9. ^ "A sample that is not representative of the population to which generalizations are to be made. FOR EXAMPLE, a group of band students would not be representative of all students at the middle school, and thus would constitute a biased sample if the intent was to generalize to all middle school students."[1]
  10. ^ Suspensory Ligament Surgery for Penis Enlargement Blog
  11. ^ Penis enlargement Surgery: Myths and Facts
  12. ^ a b Adams, Cecil (2006-12-09). Why does so much ancient Greek art feature males with small genitalia?. The Straight Dope. Retrieved on 2006-08-05. "From this vast array of XXX-rated artwork we can make a few deductions about Greek aesthetic preferences, genitaliawise (here I mainly follow Kenneth Dover's landmark study Greek Homosexuality, 1978): (1) Long, thick penises were considered--at least in the highbrow view-- grotesque, comic, or both and were usually found on fertility gods, half-animal critters such as satyrs, ugly old men, and barbarians. A circumcised penis was particularly gross. (2) The ideal penis was small, thin, and covered with a long, tapered foreskin. Dover thinks the immature male's equipment was especially admired, which may account not only for the small size but the scarcity of body hair in classical art. A passage from Aristophanes sums up the most desirable masculine features: 'a gleaming chest, bright skin, broad shoulders, tiny tongue, strong buttocks, and a little prick.'"
  13. ^ Lever, J., Frederick, D. A., Peplau, L. A. (2006). "Does Size Matter? Men’s and Women’s Views on Penis Size Across the Lifespan". Psychology of Men & Masculinity. Retrieved on 2007-07-06.  Derived from data from Lever, J. (2003, June). The Elle/MSNBC.com sex and body image survey. Elle, pp. 111–113.
  14. ^ E.J. Mundell (May 27, 2005). "Does Size Matter? Most Romantic Partners Say 'No'". Forbes. Retrieved on 2007-07-06. 
  15. ^ Partial concealment of the penis by the abdomen was noted in Paul Fussell's memoirs.
  16. ^ http://www.altpenis.com/penis_news/20050610180934data_trunc_sys.shtml
  17. ^ Size does matter (to gays). Mail&Guardianonline (February 20, 2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
  18. ^ (2002-08-27) "Limb malformations and the human HOX genes". American Journal of Medical Genetics 112 (3): 256-265. Retrieved on 2006-08-05. 
  19. ^ (1997) "Mutation of HOXA13 in hand-foot-genital syndrome". Nature Genetics 15: 179-180. Retrieved on 2006-08-05. 
  20. ^ (2006-10) "Can shoe size predict penile length?". JU International 90 (6): 586. Retrieved on 2006-08-05. 
  21. ^ Cecil, Adams (2003-08-26). The size of things to come. The Straight Dope. Retrieved on 2006-08-05.
  22. ^ (June 1999) "The relation between sexual orientation and penile size". Archives of Sexual Behavior 28 (3): 213-221. Retrieved on 2006-08-05. 
  23. ^ Research says erect gay penises are bigger. Salon.com (November 4, 1999). Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
  24. ^ Mundell, E.J. "Does Size Matter? Most Romantic Partners Say 'No'," MSN Health & Fitness: Men's Sexual Health, MSN.com, 27 May 2005. Retrieved 23 September 2006.
  25. ^ Eisenman, Russell. "Penis size: Survey of female perceptions of sexual satisfaction," BMC Women's Health 1: 1, 8 June 2001.
  26. ^ Men's bodies--the survey. Psychology Today. Retrieved on 2007-07-17.
  27. ^ The beefcaking of America. Psychology Today Nov-Dec 1994 (web edition last reviewed 2004-8-30). Retrieved on 2007-07-20.
  28. ^ "What importance do women attribute to the size of the penis?"
  29. ^ The Happy Hook-Up: A Single Girl's Guide to Casual Sex. Alexa Joy Sherman, Nicole Tocantins. p208. Ten Speed Press, 2004.
  30. ^ "Size queen" at gaylife.about.com
  31. ^ Does Penis Size Really Matter?. WebMD (May 27, 2002). Retrieved on 2006-08-04.
  32. ^ How to Achieve Orgasm During Intercourse. Discovery Health. Retrieved on 2006-09-21.
  33. ^ "Cul-de-sac": Increase Her Orgasm. AskMen.com. Retrieved on 2006-09-22.
  34. ^ a b [http://www.sexualtips.net/sexual_anatomy_questions.htm Questions and Answers about Sexual Anatomy]. sexualtips.net. Retrieved on 2007-08-05.
  35. ^ The Female Orgasm During Intercourse. WebMD. Retrieved on 2006-09-21.
  36. ^ Dr. Chua Chee Ann, British Journal of Sexual & Marital Therapy Vol. 12, No 4, November 1997
  37. ^ Does size matter. TheSite.org. Retrieved on 2006-08-12.
  38. ^ do big penises hurt?. AskMen.com. Retrieved on 2006-08-14.
  39. ^ The female reproductive system. birth.com.au. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.
  40. ^ Facts about penis size. netdoctor.co.uk. Retrieved on 2007-05-14.
  41. ^ Surgeons Pinch More Than An Inch From The Arm To Rebuild A Micropenis (December 7, 2004). Retrieved on 2007-25-07. "Whereas the average size of the human penis is around 12.5 cm or 5 inches, a micropenis spans less than 7 cm or just over two inches."
  42. ^ Length-boosting surgery for 'micro-penises'. New Scientist (2004-12-06). Retrieved on 2006-08-06.
  43. ^ http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2841589
  44. ^ http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3127299.html
  45. ^ http://www.nature.com/ijir/journal/v14/n4/full/3900887a.html
  46. ^ AIDS Health Care

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Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Paul Fussell (born 1924, Pasadena, California) is a cultural historian and a professor emeritus of English literature of the University of Pennsylvania. ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Salon. ... is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 159th day of the year (160th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 198th day of the year (199th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... WebMD is a American dot com company that offers a health care information portal for physicians and consumers along with a variety of software products and services related to the health care field. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... TheSite. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 341st day of the year (342nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... New Scientist is a weekly international science magazine covering recent developments in science and technology for a general English-speaking audience. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 6 is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

  • The Kinsey Institute penis size bibliography
  • Sutherland et al. "The effect of prepubertal androgen exposure on adult penile length." Journal of Urology, Vol. 156(2S), 783-787, 1996.
  • Lee PA, et al. "Micropenis. I. Criteria, etiologies, and classification." Johns Hopkins Med J 1980; 146:156.
  • W.A. Schonfeld, Am J Dis Child 1943;65:135
  • Niels Lauersen, M.D. and Steven Whitney, "It's Your Body: A Woman's Guide to Gynecology", 3rd Edition 1983, p. 480 (Berkley Publishing Co.: New York), ISBN 0-425-09917-2
  • Bogaert, A. F., & Hershberger, S. L. (1999). The relation between sexual orientation and penile size. Archives of Sexual Behavior 28:213-221.(PMID:10410197)[2]
  • Mortlock DP, Innis JW (1997) Mutation of HOXA13 in hand-foot-genital syndrome.Nat Genet 15(2):179-80.(PMID:9020844)[3]
  • Goodman FR (2002) Limb malformations and the human HOX genes. Am J Med Genet 112(3):256-265(PMID:12357469)[4] *Shah, J. & Christopher, N. (2002) Can Shoe Size Predict Penile Length? BJU Int 90(6):586-7 (PMID:12230622)[5]
  • Siminoski K and Bain J (1993) The Relationship Among Height, Penile Length, and Foot Size. Annals of Sex Research 6(3):231-235
  • Kondo T, Zakany J, Innis JW, Duboule D.(1997) Of fingers, toes and penises. Nature 390(6655):29(PMID:9363887)[6]
  • Rushton, J.P. & Bogaert, A.F. (1987) Race differences in sexual behavior: Testing an evolutionary hypothesis. Journal Research in Personality 21(4): pp. 536-7
  • Eisenman, Russell (2001) "Penis size: Survey of female perceptions of sexual satisfaction", PubMed Central (PMC)

The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction, often shortened to Kinsey Institute, exists to promote interdisciplinary research and scholarship in the fields of human sexuality, gender, and reproduction. The Institute was founded as the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University at Bloomington in 1947 by Alfred...

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
Penis size anxiety@Everything2.com (727 words)
It is the general (I said "general", not "correct") belief that a small penis will not "stretch" their partner enough so therefore they (their partner) won't enjoy it enough or, heaven forbid, even feel it inside of her.
The only non-sociological reasons for these feeling we were able to come up with are two possibilities: the first) is that the longer the penis, the farther in the vagina sperm can be deposited and the wider the penis, the better it will be to keep it from leaking out.
Humans are, to my knowledge, the only vertebrate mammals that lack a penis bone and so therefore the human penis probably cannot achieve the extreme sizes in comparable animals in the same kingdom as a penis bone allows for much greater lengths that simply using erectile tissue cannot muster.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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