In France, the country is often called the "patrie des droits de l'Homme" (human rights homeland), mostly ironically by persons who complain about a perceived violation of theses rights. In standard conditions, France does not have censorship laws, being a liberal democracy respectful of freedom of press. ... Masterpiece painting by Eugène Delacroix called Liberty Leading the People portrays the July Revolution using the stylistic views of Romanticism. ... Disclaimer: It must be noted that reference to French people as an ethnic group is not present in French official terminology. ... Politics of France takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of France is head of state and the Prime Minister of France head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... Holidays in France: Note: Only labour day (May 1st) is a public holiday by statute. ... ... elliot is the worst swimmer (note the sarcasm) ... The social situation in the French suburbs, called banlieues, is a complex topic. ...

The preambule of the Constitution of the Fifth Republic, founded in 1958, recalls the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. France has also ratified the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as the European Convention on Human Rights (1950) and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000). All these international law instruments takes precedent on national legislation. However, human rights abuses take place nevertheless. The most frequent cases are of police abuse, while France is regularly condemned, both by French citizens and institutions and also by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) for the scandalous detention conditions in the penitentiary system. The state of detention centres for illegal aliens who received an order of deportation has also often be criticized. Furthermore, although freedom of press and of expression is included in the Constitution, it has suffered over the years from some restrictions in specific cases. The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, which was introduced on October 5, 1958. ... Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen: Revolutionary patriotism borrows familiar iconography of the Ten Commandments Wikisource has original text related to this article: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French: La... Eleanor Roosevelt with the Spanish version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. ... The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, also known as the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), was adopted under the auspices of the Council of Europe[1] in 1950 to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. ... The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union is a document containing human rights provisions, solemnly proclaimed by the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, and the European Commission in December 2000. ... International law (also called public international law to distinguish from private international law, i. ... In academic terms, French law can be divided into two areas: private law (droit privé) and public law (droit public). Private law includes, in particular, civil law (droit civil) and criminal law (droit pénal). Public law includes, in particular, administrative law (droit administratif) and constitutional law (droit constitutionnel). However... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Human rights violation. ... Police brutality is a term used to describe the excessive use of physical force, assault, verbal attacks, and threats by police officers and other law enforcement officers. ... European Court of Human Rights building in Strasbourg The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), often referred to informally as the Strasbourg Court, was created to systematise the hearing of human rights complaints against States Parties to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, adopted by... Dorchester Penitentiary in New Brunswick, Canada is an institution that is part of Corrections Canada. ... Japanese internment camp in Canada, during World War II Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people, commonly in large groups, without due process of law and a trial. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into illegal immigration. ... Deportation is the expelling of someone from a country. ... Freedom of the press (or press freedom) is the guarantee by a government of free public speech often through a state constitution for its citizens, and associations of individuals extended to members of news gathering organizations, and their published reporting. ... Freedom of speech is the right to freely say what one pleases, as well as the related right to hear what others have stated. ...

Conventions and Acts

During the French Revolution, deputies from the Third Estate drafted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, voted by the General Estates on August 26, 1789. Inspired by the philosophy of the Enlightenment and by the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence — Lafayette participated in the drafting of both — in that it proclaims the "inalienable rights of Man," and is protected by a "Supreme Being," it mainly granted to the people the right of freedom of expression, of freedom of thought, freedom of association, liberty, security and the protection of private property, which was later criticized by Karl Marx. i heart kate young The French Revolution was a period of major political and social change in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to... In France of the ancien régime and the age of the French Revolution, the term Third Estate (tiers état) indicated the generality of people which were not part of the clergy (the First Estate) nor of the nobility (the Second Estate). ... Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen: Revolutionary patriotism borrows familiar iconography of the Ten Commandments Wikisource has original text related to this article: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French: La... The word States-General, or Estates-General, refers in English to : the Etats-Généraux of France before the French Revolution the Staten-Generaal of the Netherlands. ... Look up Enlightenment in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A copy of the 1823 William J. Stone reproduction of the Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence was an act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that... Lafayette, LaFayette, or La Fayette may refer to: // Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette (Marquis de Lafayette), French hero of the American Revolution (sometimes referred to as the Marquis de la Fayette) Marie-Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, comtesse de la Fayette (Madame de Lafayette), French author. ... Natural law or the law of nature (Latin lex naturalis) is a law whose content is set by nature, and that therefore has validity everywhere. ... Freedom of speech is the right to freely say what one pleases, as well as the related right to hear what others have stated. ... Freedom of thought (also called freedom of conscience and freedom of ideas) is the freedom of an individual to hold or consider a fact, viewpoint, or thought, regardless of anyone elses view. ... Freedom of association is a Constitutional (legal) concept based on the premise that it is the right of free adults to mutually choose their associates for whatever purpose they see fit. ... Liberty is generally considered a concept of political philosophy and identifies the condition in which an individual has immunity from the arbitrary exercise of authority. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This page deals with property as ownership rights. ... Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818, Trier, Germany – March 14, 1883, London) was a German philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary. ...

Censorship

Main article: Censorship in France

In standard conditions, France does not have censorship laws, being a liberal democracy respectful of freedom of press. However, before its repeal under François Mitterrand in the early 1980s, the ORTF used to control the media. The CSA has since replaced it, but is only charged of surveillance of the respect of French law in the media, in particular concerning the 1990 Gayssot Act which prohibits racist or/and religious hate speech (under which negationism, in particular but not only Holocaust denial falls under), and time period allocated to each political party during pre-electoral periods. Furthermore, other laws prohibit homophobic hate speech, and a 1970 law prohibits the advocacy of illegal drugs. In standard conditions, France does not have censorship laws, being a liberal democracy respectful of freedom of press. ... Censorship is the removal of information from the public, or the prevention of circulation of information, where it is desired or felt best by some controlling group or body that others are not allowed to access the information which is being censored. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Freedom of the press (or press freedom) is the guarantee by a government of free public speech often through a state constitution for its citizens, and associations of individuals extended to members of news gathering organizations, and their published reporting. ...   IPA: (October 26, 1916 – January 8, 1996) was President of France from 1981 to 1995, elected as representative of the Socialist Party (PS). ... The Office de Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française (ORTF) was the national agency charged, between 1964 and 1974, with providing public radio and television in France. ... CSA has these meanings: Camphorsufonic Acid Canadian Soccer Association Canadian Space Agency Canadian Standards Association Carry save adder, a type of digital adder Casting Society of America Central des Syndicats Autonomes du Bénin (Autonomous Trade Unions Centre), trade union centre in Benin. ... In academic terms, French law can be divided into two areas: private law (droit privé) and public law (droit public). Private law includes, in particular, civil law (droit civil) and criminal law (droit pénal). Public law includes, in particular, administrative law (droit administratif) and constitutional law (droit constitutionnel). However... The Gayssot Act (Loi Gayssot), voted for on July 13, 1990, makes it an offense in France to question the existence of the category of crimes against humanity as defined in the London Charter of 1945, on the basis of which Nazi leaders were convicted by the International Military Tribunal... 1. ... Religious is a term with both a technical definition and folk use. ... Hate speech is a controversial term for speech intended to degrade, intimidate, or incite violence or prejudicial action against a person or group of people based on their race, gender, age, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, language ability, moral or political views, socioeconomic class, occupation and... Negationism is the denial of historic crimes. ... Richard Harwoods Did Six Million Really Die? Holocaust denial is the claim that the mainstream historical version of the Holocaust is either highly exaggerated or completely falsified. ... Politics of France takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of France is head of state and the Prime Minister of France head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... Homophobia is a term used to describe: A culturally determined phobia manifesting as fear, revulsion, or contempt for homosexuality. ... Retail selling Street selling is the bottom of the chain and can be accomplished through purchasing from prostitutes, through cloaked retail stores or refuse houses for users in the act located in red-light districts which often also deal in paraphernalia, dealers marketing merriment at night clubs and other events...

Police abuses and detention conditions

Torture and inhumane treatments during the Algerian War

Main article: Torture during the Algerian War

During the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962), the French military systematically used torture against the National Liberation Front and the civilian population. The French interrogators were notorious for the use of man-powered electrical generators on suspects: this form of torture was called (la) gégène. Paul Aussaresses, a French general in charge of intelligence services during the Algerian war, defended the use of torture in a 2000 interview in the Paris newspaper Le Monde. In an interview on the CBS newsmagazine 60 Minutes, in response to the question of whether he would torture Al-Qaeda suspects, his answer was, "It seems to me it's obvious." The French Army made a systemic use of torture during the Algerian War of Independence (1954-62), which was theorized as a counter-insurgency tactic by Roger Trinquier in Modern Warfare: A French View of Counterinsurgency (1961). ... Combatants FLN (1954-62) MNA (1954-62) France (1954-62) FAF (1960-61) OAS (1961-62) Commanders Mostefa Benboulaïd Ferhat Abbas Hocine Aït Ahmed Ahmed Ben Bella Krim Belkacem Larbi Ben MHidi Rabah Bitat Mohamed Boudiaf Messali Hadj General Jacques Massu General Maurice Challe Bachaga Said Boualam... The Military of France has a long history of serving its country. ... The National Liberation Front , (Arabic: Jabhat al-TaḩrÄ«r al-WaÅ£anÄ«, French: Front de Libération Nationale aka FLN) is a socialist political party in Algeria. ... In times of armed conflict a civilian is any person who is not a combatant. ... An electrical generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, generally using electromagnetic induction. ... Paul Aussaresses (b. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Le Monde is also the name of a song by the Thievery Corporation. ... CBS is one of the largest radio and television networks in the United States. ... 60 Minutes is an investigative television newsmagazine on United States television, which has run on CBS News since 1968. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ...

Foucault and the GIP: the struggle against the penitentiary system

Further information: Michel Foucault and  Groupe Information Prisons

Philosopher Michel Foucault condemned in Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (1975) not only the detention conditions in prison, but the existence of the penitentiary system in itself. He showed that since its creation, reformists had tried to "humanize" prisons, but that it was impossible. According to him, prisons had a specific role to play in the control of the population, by pitting against them some members of the popular classes, called and created by power mechanisms as "delinquents," that is "professional criminals" against the rest of the popular class, bravely recompensed by the dominant bourgeoisie as honest and hard-working. Foucault thus observed that since its creation, prison reformers had seen that prison fed and created criminality by putting together people forced in a desperate situation. Far from redeeming people or helping them "integrate" society, he showed that it created a specific criminal population, which the police used, via infiltrators, to control the rest of the population, and to carry out covert operations. Michel Foucault (IPA pronunciation: ; English-speakers pronunciation varies) (October 15, 1926 – June 25, 1984) was a French philosopher and historian. ... Michel Foucault (IPA pronunciation: ; English-speakers pronunciation varies) (October 15, 1926 – June 25, 1984) was a French philosopher and historian. ... Discipline and Punish (subtitled The Birth of the Prison) is a book written by the philosopher Michel Foucault. ... Reform can refer to: Reform (think tank) Reform, Alabama Reform Judaism Reform movement Reform of an individual, from conditions stemming from crime, drugs, or physical maladies. ... This wiki is about the rap group. ... for other uses please see Crime (disambiguation) A crime is an act that violates a political or moral law. ... Bourgeoisie (RP [], GA []) is a classification used in analyzing human societies to describe a class of people who are in the middle class nobility, whose status or power comes from employment, education, and wealth as opposed to aristocratic origin. ... See: espionage, urban exploration, entryism, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. ... Covert operations are military or political The tac. ...

This contrasted with the previous "popular illegalisms" tolerated by the Ancien Régime before the Revolution, when the whole of the popular classes engaged in illegal behaviours, such as taking wood from the sovereign's territory or poaching. Along with Daniel Defert, Jean-Marie Domenach, editor of the Catholic left-wing Esprit magazine, historian Pierre Vidal-Naquet and other left-wing intellectuals, Foucault created the Groupe d'information sur les prisons (GIP) in 1971, which had as aim to make the discourse of prisoners possible to hear. His thesis was that power mechanisms blocked society from hearing this discourse. Thus, society prohibited prisoners from speaking for themselves, giving the right to speach (and be listened) to criminologists, psychiatrists and other "experts," as well as intellectuals (represented by the classic figures of Emile Zola or Jean-Paul Sartre. The GIP was particularly active against the QHS (Quartiers de Haute Sécurité), which are the French version of high security quarters. It reinvidicated the repeal of such instruments. Along with other left-wing intellectuals and activists, among them Sartre and Gilles Deleuze, they protested against the detention conditions of the Action Directe prisoners, the assassination of Black Panthers member George Jackson in the US, the detention of Mumia Abu-Jamal, etc. Illegalism is an anarchist philosophy which developed primarily in France in the early 1900s parallel to anarchist individualism. ... Ancien Régime, a French term meaning Former Regime, but rendered in English as Old Rule, Old Order, or simply Old Regime, refers primarily to the aristocratic social and political system established in France under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties. ... For other uses, see Poaching (disambiguation). ... Daniel Defert is a prominent French AIDS activist and the founding president (1984-1991) of the first AIDS awareness organization in France, Aides. ... Jean-Marie Domenach (1922 – 1997) was a French writer and intellectual. ... Esprit is a French literary magazine. ... Pierre Vidal-Naquet (1930, Paris) is a French historian, teacher at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS). ... A criminologist is defined as someone who studies aetiology of crime, criminal behavior, types of crime, and social reaction to crime. ... Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that studies and treats mental and emotional disorders (see mental illness). ... An intellectual is a person who uses his or her intellect to work, study, reflect, speculate on, or ask and answer questions with regard to a variety of different ideas. ... mile Zola (April 2, 1840 - September 29, 1902) was an influential French novelist, the most important example of the literary school of naturalism, and a major figure in the political liberalization of France. ... Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (June 21, 1905 – April 15, 1980), normally known simply as Jean-Paul Sartre (pronounced: ), was a French existentialist philosopher, dramatist and screenwriter, novelist and critic. ... Supermax is the name used to describe control-unit prisons, or units within prisons, which represent the most secure levels of custody in prison systems. ... Gilles Deleuze (IPA: ), (January 18, 1925 – November 4, 1995) was a French philosopher of the late 20th century. ... Action Directe can mean: the 1970s and 1980s French guerrilla group Action Directe; the rock climb Action Directe. ... The Black Panther Party (originally called the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was a revolutionary Black nationalist organization in the United States that formed in the late 1960s and grew to national prominence before falling apart due to factional rivalries stirred up by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. ... Cover of Soledad Brother George Jackson (September 23, 1941 – August 21, 1971) was a Black American militant who became a member of the Black Panther Party while in prison, where he spent the last 12 years of his life. ... Mumia Abu-Jamal photo Mumia Abu-Jamal (born Wesley Cook April 24, 1954) is a journalist and political activist from Philadelphia who was on Death Row after having been convicted of the murder of Philadelphia Police Department Officer Daniel Faulkner, but is now serving life in a Pennsylvania State Prison. ...

Death penalty

Further information: Capital punishment in France

France is the last western European country to have practised death penalty, by executing Hamida Djandoubi, on September 10, 1977. Capital punishment has been abolished on 9th October, 1981. Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Hamida Djandoubi (1949?–10 September 1977) was the last person to be guillotined in France, at Baumettes Prison in Marseille. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... October 9 is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in Leap years). ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Today

On the other hand, police abuse remains a reality in France today, while France has been condemned by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) for the conditions of detention in prisons, including the use of torture on detainees. Although the law and the Constitution prohibits any kind of torture whatsoever, such practices happen. In 2004, the Inspector General of the National Police received 469 registered complaints about illegitimate police violence during the first 11 months of the year, down from 500 during the same period in 2003. There were 59 confirmed cases of police violence, compared to 65 in the previous year. In April 2004, the ECHR condemned the Government for "inhumane and degrading treatments" in the 1997 case of a teenager beaten while in police custody. The court ordered the Government to pay Giovanni Rivas $20,500 (15,000 euros) in damages and $13,500 (10,000 euros) in court costs. ^[1] The head of the police station in Saint-Denis, near Paris, has been forced to resign after allegations of rape and other violences committed by the police force under his orders. Nine investigations concerning police abuse in this police station were done in 2005 by the IGS inspection of police ^[2][3]. These repeated abuses are one of the causes of the 2005 civil unrest ^[4]. Conditions in detention centers for illegal aliens have also been widely criticized by human rights NGO. In 2006, a young 20 years-old Serbien girl accused a policeman of attempting to have raped her in such a centre in Bobigny, in the suburbs of Paris, the year before ^[5] Police brutality is a term used to describe the excessive use of physical force, assault, verbal attacks, and threats by police officers and other law enforcement officers. ... European Court of Human Rights building in Strasbourg The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), often referred to informally as the Strasbourg Court, was created to systematise the hearing of human rights complaints against States Parties to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, adopted by... The National Police (Police Nationale) is one of two national police forces and the main civil law enforcement agency of France, with primary jurisdiction in cities and large towns. ... Saint Denis can refer to: a Christian saint: see Denis Seine-Saint-Denis a département of France Several communes in France: Saint-Denis,in the Aude département Saint-Denis, in the Gard département Saint-Denis, in the Seine-Saint-Denis département, home of Saint Denis Basilica... IGS may stand for: Irish Georgian Society IBM Global Services . ... A torched car in Strasbourg, 5 November. ... Dorchester Penitentiary in New Brunswick, Canada is an institution that is part of Corrections Canada. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into illegal immigration. ... Bobigny is a town and commune of France, in the suburbs is of Paris, chief town of the arrondissement of the Seine-Saint-Denis. ...

Long delays in bringing cases to trial and lengthy pretrial detention has been a major problem. Violence against women and children were problems, which the Government took steps to address.

Discrimination

The so called "idéal républicain" (republican ideal) intend to achieve equality in right between French citizens. But, France is a highty centralised Republic, with power concentrated in the national government, at the expense of local or regional governments. French attitude against discrimination show this defiance against communitarism. For sample ethnic or religious statistics are forbidden. The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, which was introduced on October 5, 1958. ... Symbol of the French government The government of France is a semi-presidential system based on the French Constitution of the fifth Republic, in which the nation declares itself to be an indivisible, secular, democratic, and social Republic. The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims Frances... Symbol of the French government The President of the French Republic (French: ) colloquially referred to as President of France, is Frances elected Head of State and also the ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra and Grand Master of the Légion dhonneur. ... Jacques René Chirac (born November 29, 1932 in Paris) is a French politician and the current President of the French Republic. ... The Prime Minister of France (Premier ministre de la France) is the functional head of the Cabinet of France. ... Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin (born 14 November 1953 in Rabat, French Morocco) simply known as Dominique de Villepin ( —  , is a French diplomat and politician. ... This page is a list of French prime ministers. ... The Parlement of France is bicameral, and consists of the National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) and the Senate (Sénat). ... The Palais Bourbon, front The French National Assembly (French: ) is one of the two houses of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic. ... The Senate (in French : le Sénat) is the upper house of the Parliament of France. ... The French Congress (French: ) is the name given to the body created when both houses of the present-day French Parliament – the French National Assembly and the French Senate – reunite at the Château of Versailles to vote on revisions to the French constitution. ... A republican guard giving directions to visitors at the front entrance of the Constitutional Council The Constitutional Council (Conseil Constitutionnel) was established by the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958. ... The Court of Cassation (Cour de cassation in French) is the main court of last resort in France. ... Political parties in France lists political parties in France. ... Charles de Gaulle, in his generals uniform Gaullism (from French Gaullisme) is a French political ideology based on the thought and action of Charles de Gaulle. ... France is a representative democracy. ... The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002, and a runoff election between the top two candidates (Jacques Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen) on 5 May 2002. ... The 2007 French presidential election will be the ninth such election of the Fifth French Republic. ... These are the results of the French legislative election of 2002 Category: ... The French legislative election will take place on 10 June and 17 June 2007 to elect the 13th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic, a few weeks after the French presidential election run-off on 6 May. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The départements (or departments) are administrative units of France, roughly analogous to British counties and are now grouped into 22 metropolitan and four overseas régions. ... The European Union or EU is a supranational and international organization of 27 member states. ... A charter member of the United Nations, France holds one of the permanent seats in the Security Council and is a member of most of its specialized and related agencies. ... The honour entrance to the Ministry building on the Quai dOrsay The Minister of Foreign Affairs, in the Government of France, is the cabinet member responsible for the Republics network of relationships with foreign nations. ... This is a list of major political scandals in France: 1816 shipwreck of and search for French frigate Medusa off the west coast of Africa Dreyfus Affair, 1894 treason conviction of Alfred Dreyfus - exposed by writer Emile Zola on January 13, 1898 The Ben Barka affair, 1965 disappearance of the... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Communitarianism as a group of related but distinct philosophies began in the late 20th century, opposing classical liberalism, capitalism, and other similar philosophies while advocating phenomena such as civil society. ...

Racial discrimination

In addition, like nearly all Western countries, France has also had a history of legally-sanctioned slavery, and both de jure and de facto racial and ethnic-religious discrimination, and occasional violation of those freedoms, particularly in times of national security crises. Freedom of religious expression remains also a sensitive area. The term Western World or the West (also on rare occasions called the Occident) can have multiple meanings depending on its context (i. ... The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ... Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Security measures taken to protect the Houses of Parliament in London, England. ...

Freedom of religion

Further information: Status of religious freedom in France

Anti-Semitic attacks were a problem, but have decreased in number; the Government continues to take steps to prevent and prosecute such incidents. There were instances of violence and discrimination against immigrants and religious minorities. Freedom of religion is guaranteed in France by the constitutional rights set forth in the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ...

To law forbid public authorities to give money for religious buildings. This is a problem for Muslim people who often lack decent area to practice their religion.

The MIVILUDES (Interministerial Mission for Monitoring and Combatting Cultic Deviances) and it's predecessors have sometime been criticized as dangerous for religious freedom. The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...

Women rights

France allowed women's suffrage on April 21, 1944. The movement for womens suffrage is a social, economic and political reform movement aimed at extending suffrage—the right to vote—to women. ...

The Neuwirth law allowed birth control methods on December 28, 1967. Their access became anonymous and free for youngs before age of majority on 1974. Birth control is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. ... December 28 is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 3 days remaining. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Age of Majority is the threshold of adulthood as it is conceptualised in law. ...

Abortion is legalized by Simone Veil law on January 17, 1975. Simone Veil Simone Veil (born Simone Annie Jacob, July 13, 1927) is a French lawyer and politician who currently serves as a member of the Constitutional Council of France. ...

Homosexuality

Homosexuality has been unpenalized during the Revolution by the law of the September 25-October 6 1791. On August 6, 1942 Vichy government introduced a discriminative law: article 334 (later moved to penal code article 331)increased age of consent from 15 to 21 for homosexual relations. This law remained valid until August 4, 1982. i heart kate young The French Revolution was a period of major political and social change in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to...

A less known discriminative law doubled penalty for indecent exposure in case of homosexual activity, between 1960 and 1980. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Today homosexual activists try to make legal LGBT adoption and same-sex marriage in France. The pacte civil de solidarité, a form of civil union, has been introduced in 1999. LGBT adoption refers to the adoption of children by homosexual, bisexual, or transgendered people. ... The legal status of same-sex marriages in France is unclear. ... In France, a pacte civil de solidarité (English: civil pact of solidarity) commonly known as a PACS /paks/, is a form of civil union between two adults (same-sex or opposite-sex) for organising their joint life. ... A civil union is a legally recognized union similar to marriage. ...

Disabled people

Since July 1987 , all companies with at least 20 workers have to employ at least 6% of handicaped people.

Equal opportunity

Despite the opening up of public service appointments to European citizens, a considerable number of public sector posts are reserved only for French nationals.

Human trafficing

Trafficking in women and children was a problem, which the Government took steps to address ^{[dubious — see talk page]}.

Human rights organisations

• Amnesty International (AI)
• Human Rights Watch (HRW)
• Ligue des droits de l'homme (LDH, Human Rights League - created during the Dreyfus Affair at the end of the 19th century)
• MRAP anti-racist NGO
• SOS Racisme
• CIMADE (the only organization authorized to visit internment camp for illegal aliens (sans-papiers, litteraly "without-papers", that is people who do not possess identity documents)
• GISTI (immigrants support NGO)
• etc.

Amnesty International symbol Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) comprising a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights.[1] Essentially it compares actual practices of human rights with internationally accepted standards and demands compliance where these have not... Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... The Ligue des droits de lhomme (Human Rights League) is a French NGO founded on June 4, 1898, by the republican Ludovic Trarieux to defend captain Alfred Dreyfus, a Jew wrongly accused of treason - this would be known as the Dreyfus Affair. ... The Dreyfus affair was a political scandal which divided France during the 1890s and early 1900s. ... MRAP stands for Mouvement contre le racisme et pour lamitié entre les peuples (Movement Against Racism and for Frienship between People), and is an anti-racist French NGO, created in 1941. ... SOS Racisme is a French association whose stated objective is to fight racism. ... China ID card, front (top) back (bottom). ... GISTI (Groupe dInformation et de Soutien des Immigrés) is a French non-profit human rights organization created in 1972 to protect the legal and political rights of foreigners and immigrants and to advocate freedom of movement across borders. ...

References

The Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor Affairs (DRL) at the United States Department of State is one of four bureaus that comprise the Office of the Under Secretary for Global Affairs. ... Le Monde is also the name of a song by the Thievery Corporation. ... Marianne busts with features of Brigitte Bardot - Catherine Deneuve - Mireille Mathieu Marianne, a national emblem of France, is a personification of Liberty and Reason. ... La Croix is a French, Roman Catholic, daily newspaper. ... Libération (affectionately known as Libé) is a French newspaper founded in Paris in 1973 by Jean-Paul Sartre, Pierre Victor alias Benny Lévy and Serge July in the wake of the protest movements of May 1968. ...

See also

• Paris massacre of 1961
• European Convention on Human Rights
• High authority for the struggle against discrimination and for equality (HALDE)
• La Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, also known as the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), was adopted under the auspices of the Council of Europe[1] in 1950 to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. ... The High Authority for the Struggle Against Discrimination and for Equality (French Haute autorité de lutte contre les discriminations et pour légalité or HALDE) is a French independant administrative authority which has the right to judge all discrimination, direct or indirect, that is prohibited by law or an international... The Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation was founded on 17 October 1990 ont of the initiative of the former french prime minister Michel Rocard as well as of the former minister of the Interior. ...

External links

• French Government Website on Human rights
• UN Website
• US Government report
• HRW website on France