Humphrey IV of Toron (c. 1166 – before 1197) was the lord of Toron, Kerak, and Oultrejordain in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Events Marko III succeeds Yoannis V as patriarch of Alexandria. ... Events Amalric II succeeds Henry II of Champagne as king of Jerusalem. ... Toron, Tibnin today, was a major Crusader castle, built in the mountains on the road from Tyre to Damascus by Hugh of St-Omer in 1105. ... Kerak was a Crusader castle in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, now located in Jordan. ... Oultrejordain or Oultrejourdain (French for beyond the Jordan) was the name used during the Crusades for an extensive and partly undefined region to the east of the Jordan river, an area known in ancient times as Edom and Moab. ... This article is about the medieval Crusades . ... Official language Latin, French, Italian, and other western languages; Greek and Arabic also widely spoken Capital Jerusalem, later Acre Constitution Various laws, so-called Assizes of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a short-lived country established in the 12th century by the First Crusade. ...

He was the son of Humphrey III of Toron and Stephanie of Milly, heiress of Oultrejourdain, and grandson of Humphrey II, former constable of Jerusalem. He was also a stepson of Stephanie's second and third husbands Miles of Plancy and Raynald of Chatillon. Humphrey's sister Isabella was married to Rupen III of Armenia. The lords of Toron were one of the original crusader families and were supporters of the baronial faction, as opposed to the new crusader princes who tended to come from Europe to fight and marry into the royal family. Humphrey IV became lord of Toron when his grandfather Humphrey II died in 1179. Stephanie of Milly (died c. ... Humphrey II of Toron (1117-1179) was lord of Toron and constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. ... There were six major officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem: constable, marshal, seneschal, chamberlain, butler, and chancellor. ... Miles of Plancy (died 1174), also known as Milon or Milo, was a noble in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. ... Raynald of Châtillon (also Reynald or Reginald of Chastillon) (died July 4, 1187) was a knight who served in the Second Crusade and remained in the Holy Land after its defeat. ... Ruben III of Armenia (died 1186) was prince of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1174 to 1186. ... A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... Events Third Council of the Lateran condemned Waldensians and Cathars as heretics, institutes a reformation of clerical life, and creates the first ghettos for Jews Afonso I is recognized as the true King of Portugal by Portugal the protection of the Catholic Church against the Castillian monarchy Philip II is...

In 1180 he became betrothed to Isabella of Jerusalem, daughter of Amalric I, under the agreement that Toron would become a royal territory. In November of 1183 the teenage Humphrey and the eleven-year-old Isabella were married in the fortress of Kerak (the seat of the lordship of Oultrejourdain), which was besieged by Saladin shortly afterwards. Humphrey's mother convinced Saladin not to direct his attack against the tower in which the newly married young couple lived, although he continued to besiege the rest of the fortress; Kerak was eventually relieved by King Baldwin IV. Events April 13 - Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter November 18 - France Emperor Antoku succeds Emperor Takakura as emperor of Japan Afonso I of Portugal is taken prisoner by Ferdinand II of Leon Artois is annexed by France Prince Mochihito amasses a large army and instigates the Genpei War between... Isabella of Jerusalem (c. ... Amalric I (also Amaury or Aimery) (1136 – 1174) was king of Jerusalem from 1162 to 1174. ... Events Three-year old Emperor Go-Toba ascends to the throne of Japan after the forced abdication of his brother Antoku during the Genpei War William of Tyre excommunicated by the newly appointed Heraclius of Jerusalem, firmly ending their struggle for power Andronicus I Comnenus becomes the Byzantine emperor Births... Kerak was a Crusader castle in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, now located in Jordan. ... This article is about the Muslim general, for the British armoured vehicle named after him, see Alvis Saladin. ... Baldwin IV (1161 – 1185), the son of Amalric I of Jerusalem and his first wife Agnes of Courtenay, was king of Jerusalem from 1174 to 1185. ...

In 1186, when Baldwin V died, Humphrey's stepfather Raynald tried to convince him to claim the throne in right of his wife, whom Dowager Queen Maria and the Ibelin faction wanted to crown as soon as possible. However, Humphrey, not known to be ambitious or confrontational, but described as soft and even effeminate, did not think himself fit for the crown. He instead chose to support Guy of Lusignan, husband of Isabella's half-sister Sibylla, to whom Humphrey swore fealty. Raynald and the other nobles followed his support, as did the Ibelin faction, even though Guy, who had arrived in Outremer after 1177, had previously been deprived of the regency by his dying brother-in-law Baldwin IV due to his conduct at the 1183 siege of Kerak. Events John the Chanter becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Baldwin V (1177 – 1186) was the son of Sibylla of Jerusalem and her first husband, William of Montferrat. ... Maria Comnena (c. ... Ibelin was a castle in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century. ... Guy of Lusignan (died 1194) was a French knight who, through marriage, became king of Jerusalem, and led the Kingdom to disaster at the Battle of Hattin in 1187. ... Sibylla of Jerusalem (c. ... Outremer, French for overseas, was the general name given the Crusader states established after the First Crusade, especially the Kingdom of Jerusalem. ... Baldwin IV (1161 – 1185), the son of Amalric I of Jerusalem and his first wife Agnes of Courtenay, was king of Jerusalem from 1174 to 1185. ...

Guy proved to be an ineffective king, and Saladin invaded the kingdom in 1187. Humphrey was captured at the Battle of Hattin that year, but was released and returned to Kerak to prepare for its defense. He was captured again when Kerak fell in 1189, but was again set free. Events May 1 - Battle of Cresson - Saladin defeats the crusaders July 4 - Saladin defeats Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem, at the Battle of Hattin. ... The Battle of Hattin in 1187 was a major setback in the fortunes of the Crusader movement, enabling the Muslims to regain control of Jerusalem from the Christians. ... Events January 21 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade September 3- Richard I of England is crowned as king of England. ...

The barons of Jerusalem had only begrudgingly accepted Guy as king because of the lack of a rival candidate (due to Humphrey's diffidence), and after the fall of Jerusalem they turned against him. During the Third Crusade in 1190 the Archbishop of Pisa and the Bishop of Beauvais annulled Humphrey's marriage to Isabella, based on the argument that she had married Humphrey when underage and had been coerced by the will of her half-brother King Baldwin IV. The annullment was to the favour of the newcomer Conrad of Montferrat, who wanted to marry her in order to claim the throne. Humphrey and Isabella were a devoted couple and she did not want to divorce, as she preferred Humphrey to the middle-aged Conrad, but Humphrey did not want to cause any conflict with the other barons. Humphrey was also intimidated by Guy of Senlis, a French noble, who challenged him to combat (Humphrey refused). Conrad then married Isabella himself (although he had been married twice and it was alleged - probably inaccurately - that at least his second wife was still alive at that time), and claimed the throne of Jerusalem through her, with the support of the Ibelins and other barons. The Third Crusade (1189 - 1192) was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin. ... Events March 16 - Massacre and mass-suicide of the Jews of York, England prompted by Crusaders. ... Conrad of Montferrat (c. ...

Humphrey soon allied himself with Richard Lionheart, first in the capture of Cyprus and then against Saladin. As Humphrey was fluent in Arabic, he was able to negotiate with Saladin on Richard's behalf. In 1192, when Conrad was assassinated by the Hashshashin, Humphrey, along with Richard and various others, were suspected of involvement, although this is unlikely. Isabella was then married off to Henry II of Champagne, over the protests of Humphrey, who argued that the annullment of their marriage was invalid and that Conrad had been bigamous. Richard I (September 8, 1157 – April 6, 1199) was King of England from 1189 to 1199. ... Arabic (العربية) is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Events The Third Crusade ends in disaster. ... Jack Ruby murdered the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, in a very public manner. ... The Hashshashin (also Hashishin), or Assassins were a religious group (some would say a cult) of Ismaili Muslims from the Nizari sub-sect with a militant basis, thought to be active in the 8th to 14th centuries as a mystic secret society specialising in terrorising the Abbasid elite with fearlessly... Henry II of Champagne (July 29, 1166–1197), was count of Champagne from 1181 to 1197, and king of Jerusalem from 1192 to 1197. ...

Humphrey probably died soon after this, and the lordship of Toron was claimed by his sister Isabella (married to Ruben III of Armenia) and her issue, rex iunior of Armenia prince of Antioch, and eventually the claim to the lordship was inherited by the Montfort family, lords of Toron and Tyre. Ruben III of Armenia (died 1186) was prince of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1174 to 1186. ...

Sources

• Runciman, Steven. A History of the Crusades, 1951-54, vols. 2-3.