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The Hungarian alphabet is an extension of the Roman alphabet. ...
One sometimes speaks of the smaller and greater Hungarian alphabet, depending on whether the letters Q, W, X, Y which can only be found in foreign words and traditional orthography of names are listed, or not.
The 44 letters of the (greater) Hungarian alphabet are: Jump to: navigation, search An alphabet is a complete standardized set of letters — basic written symbols — each of which roughly represents a phoneme of a spoken language, either as it exists now or as it may have been in the past. ...
Each sign shown above counts as a letter of its own right in Hungarian. Jump to: navigation, search The letter A is the first (1st) letter in the Latin alphabet. ...
The acute accent ( ´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ...
Jump to: navigation, search The letter B is the second letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ...
Jump to: navigation, search C (lowercase c) is the third letter of the Roman alphabet. ...
The letter D is the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Dzs is a trigraph in the modern Hungarian alphabet that is used to indicate the sound . ...
Jump to: navigation, search The letter E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. ...
The acute accent ( ´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ...
The letter F is the sixth (6th) letter in the Latin alphabet. ...
G is the seventh letter in the Roman alphabet. ...
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Jump to: navigation, search Due to MediaWikis uppercase algorithm, ı (lower case dotless i) will bring you here. ...
The acute accent ( ´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ...
Jump to: navigation, search For the programming language, see J programming language. ...
The eleventh letter of the Latin alphabet, K, or k comes from the Greek Κ or κ (Kappa) developed from the Semitic Kap, symbol for an open hand. ...
L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
M is the thirteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
N is the fourteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ...
O is the fifteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
The acute accent ( ´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ...
Ö, or ö, is a glyph which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, the letter O with umlaut, or a letter O with diaeresis. ...
The double acute accent ( Ë ) is a diacritic mark of the latin script used primarily in written Hungarian. ...
Jump to: navigation, search P is the 16th letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Q is the 17th letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
Jump to: navigation, search R is the eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
Jump to: navigation, search S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. ...
T is the twentieth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ...
U is the twenty-first letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ...
The acute accent ( ´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ...
Ü, or ü, is a glyph which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, the letter U with umlaut, or a letter U with diaeresis. ...
The double acute accent ( Ë ) is a diacritic mark of the latin script used primarily in written Hungarian. ...
V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. ...
W is the twenty-third letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ...
X is the twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
Y is the twenty-fifth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet. ...
- (i.e. they are not diacritic marks in the stricter sense of the word). Thus, the letter ó is not an O with acute accent, but a long ó, and the letter ny is not an N and a Y, but rather the single letter NY.
While long vowels count as different letters, long (or geminate) consonants don't. Long consonants are marked by duplication: e.g. <tt>, <gg>, <zz> (ette 'he ate (det.obj.)', függ 'it hangs', azzal 'with it'). For the di- and tri-graphs a simplification rule applies: only the first letter is duplicated: e.g. <sz>+<sz>→<ssz> (asszony 'woman'), <ty>+<ty>→<tty> (hattyú 'swan'), <dzs>+<dzs>→<ddzs> (briddzsel 'with bridge (card game)'). Jump to: navigation, search In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. ...
In phonetics, gemination is when a spoken consonant is doubled, so that it is pronounced for an audibly longer period of time than a single consonant. ...
Capitalisation
The di- and the trigraphs are capitalised in names and at the beginning of sentences or in abbreviations as it is shown above. When writing with all capital letters, one capitalises the second (and third) character as well.
Thus ("The Rules of Hungarian Orthography", a book edited by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences): The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (in short: HAS, in Hungarian: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia) was founded in 1825, when Count István Széchenyi offered one years income of his estate for the purposes of a Learned Society at a district session of the Diet in Bratislava (seat...
- A magyar helyesírás szabályai
- MHSZ
- A MAGYAR HELYESÍRÁS SZABÁLYAI
Pronunciation One of Hungarian orthography's principles is being phonetic among with being traditional, etymologic and simplifying. The current edition of "MHSz" is the 11th from 1984, reprint 1994 with extended dictionary part. Therefore most words can be read out correctly, if one knows the pronunciation of the letters.
The pronunciation of Hungarian letters in standard Hungarian.
(You might want to increase your browser's display font size to see the IPA symbols more correctly). The three-letter acronym IPA can stand for any of the following (listed in alphabetical order): Independent Pilots Association India Pale Ale Institute of Public Affairs Institute for Propaganda Analysis International Phonetic Alphabet. ...
| Letter | Phoneme (IPA) | Complementary allophones (IPA)[1] | Notes | | A | /ɑ/ | | [ɑ̝̹] might describe it better (raised, more rounded; sign rendered probably incorrectly, containing two diacritic marks below). Still definitely not [ɔ]! | | Á | /aː/ | | | | B | /b/ | | | | C | /ts/ | | | | Cs | /tʃ/ | | | | D | /d/ | | | | Dz | /dz/ | | may not occur at the beginning of words. When neither post- nor preconsonantic, always realised as a geminate. | | Dzs | /dʒ/ | | when final or intervocalic, usually realised as a geminate: maharadzsa /mɑhɑrɑdʒɑ/ [mɑhɑrɑd͡ʒːɑ] 'maharajah', bridzs /bridʒ/ [brid͡ʒː] 'bridge (card game)', but dzsungel /dʒuŋgel/ [d͡ʒuŋgɛl] 'jungle', fridzsider /fridʒidɛr/ [frid͡ʒidɛr] coll. 'refrigerator' | | E | /ɛ/ | | about 40-50% of speakers also know a phoneme /e/ (see also letter É /eː/). /e/ is not considered part of standard Hungarian, wherein /ɛ/ takes the place of /e/. | | É | /eː/ | | | | F | /f/ | | | | G | /g/ | | | | Gy | /ɟ/ | | denoting /ɟ/ by <gy> is a remnant of (probably) Italian scribes who tried to render the Hungarian sound. <dy> would be a more consistent notation in scope of <ty>, <ny>, <ly> (see there), as the <y> part of digraphs show palatalisation in the Hungarian writing system. | | H | /h/ | 1. [ ɦ ] 2. ∅ 3. [ x ] 4. [ ç ] | 1. when in intervocal position. 2. not rendered usually when in final position méh /meː/ 'bee', cseh /tʃɛ/ 'Czech (noun/adj.)' 3. seldom in final position, such as in doh 'dampness', méh 'uterus' 4. seldom, such as in ihlet 'inspiration' | | I | /i/ | | | | Í | /iː/ | | Vowel length is phonemically distinctive in Hungarian: irt 'he eradicates' ∼ írt 'he wrote' | | J | /j/ | [ ç ], [ ʝ ] | allophones occur when /j/ postconsonantic final sound; (voiceless after voiceless, voiced after voiced ones). e.g. férj 'husband', kapj 'get! (imperative)' | | K | /k/ | | | | L | /l/ | | | | Ly | /j/ | | Orthographic tradition. Once /ʎ/, now /j/ in standard Hungarian. | | M | /m/ | | | | N | /n/ | [ ŋ ] | allophone before /k/, /g/ | | Ny | /ɲ/ | | | | O | /o/ | | | | Ó | /oː/ | | minimal pair to /o/: kor 'age' ∼ kór 'disease' | | Ö | /ø/ | | | | Ő | /øː/ | | minimal pair to /ø/: tör 'he breaks' ∼ tőr 'dagger' | | P | /p/ | | | | (Q) | | | Q occurs only as part of the digraph qu in foreign words, realised as [kv]: Aquincum [ɑkvinkum] (name of an old Roman settlement in the area of present-day Buda). Words originally spelled with qu are today usually spelled with kv, as in akvarell 'watercolor painting'. | | R | /r/ | | also called apical trill as pronounced by trilling the tip of your tongue (the apex) and not the uvula. | | S | /ʃ/ | | This notation is unusual for European writing systems where <s> stands for /s/ virtually everywhere. In Hungarian, /s/ is represented by <sz>. | | Sz | /s/ | | | | T | /t/ | | | | Ty | /c/ | | | | U | /u/ | | | | Ú | /uː/ | | minimal pair to /u/: hurok 'loop' ∼ húrok 'cords' | | Ü | /y/ | | | | Ű | /yː/ | | | | V | /v/ | | | | (W) | | | occurs only in foreign words; rendered usually as /v/ | | (X) | | | occurs only in loanwords, and there only when denoting [ks]; [gz] is transcribed: extra, Alexandra, but egzakt 'exact'. | | (Y) | | | in loanwords, usually rendered as /i/ or /j/. Occurs very often in old Hungarian surnames where it stands for /i/ or /ʲi/: 'Báthory' [baːtori], 'Batthyány' [bacːaːɲi] (<n>+<y> ∼ /n/+/ʲi/ ∼ /nʲi/ ∼ /ɲi/) | | Z | /z/ | | | | Zs | /ʒ/ | | | ^ List of complementary allophone variants possibly not complete. Jump to: navigation, search In oral language, a phoneme is the theoretical basic unit of sound that can be used to distinguish words or morphemes; that is, changing a phoneme in a word produces either nonsense, or a different word with a different meaning. ...
The three-letter acronym IPA can stand for any of the following (listed in alphabetical order): Independent Pilots Association India Pale Ale Institute of Public Affairs Institute for Propaganda Analysis International Phonetic Alphabet. ...
Complementary distribution in linguistics refers to the relationship between two elements where one element can be found only in a particular environment and the other element can be found only in the opposite environment. ...
In Quebec, an allophone (French or English. ...
The three-letter acronym IPA can stand for any of the following (listed in alphabetical order): Independent Pilots Association India Pale Ale Institute of Public Affairs Institute for Propaganda Analysis International Phonetic Alphabet. ...
Jump to: navigation, search The letter A is the first (1st) letter in the Latin alphabet. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
The acute accent ( ´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
Jump to: navigation, search In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. ...
Jump to: navigation, search The letter B is the second letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ...
The voiced bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
Jump to: navigation, search C (lowercase c) is the third letter of the Roman alphabet. ...
The voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
The voiceless palato-alveolar fricative or domed postalveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
The letter D is the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
The voiced alveolar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
The voiced alveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-07-20, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Dzs is a trigraph in the modern Hungarian alphabet that is used to indicate the sound . ...
The voiced postalveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
Jump to: navigation, search The letter E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
The acute accent ( ´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
Jump to: navigation, search In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. ...
The letter F is the sixth (6th) letter in the Latin alphabet. ...
The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
G is the seventh letter in the Roman alphabet. ...
The voiced velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
The voiced palatal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
...
The voiceless glottal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
The breathy-voiced glottal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
The voiceless velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. ...
The voiceless palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Due to MediaWikis uppercase algorithm, ı (lower case dotless i) will bring you here. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
The acute accent ( ´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
Jump to: navigation, search In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. ...
Jump to: navigation, search For the programming language, see J programming language. ...
The palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in very many spoken languages. ...
The voiceless palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
The voiced palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
The eleventh letter of the Latin alphabet, K, or k comes from the Greek Κ or κ (Kappa) developed from the Semitic Kap, symbol for an open hand. ...
The voiceless velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. ...
L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
The alveolar lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. ...
The palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in very many spoken languages. ...
The palatal lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. ...
M is the thirteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
The bilabial nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
N is the fourteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ...
The alveolar nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
The velar nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
The palatal nasal is a type of consonant, used in some spoken languages. ...
O is the fifteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
The acute accent ( ´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
Jump to: navigation, search In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. ...
Ö, or ö, is a glyph which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, the letter O with umlaut, or a letter O with diaeresis. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
The double acute accent ( Ë ) is a diacritic mark of the latin script used primarily in written Hungarian. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
Jump to: navigation, search In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. ...
Jump to: navigation, search P is the 16th letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
Jump to: navigation, search The voiceless bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Q is the 17th letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
Buda (German: Ofen) is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the right bank of the Danube. ...
Jump to: navigation, search R is the eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
The alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages (such as Russian, Spanish, Armenian, and Polish). ...
Jump to: navigation, search S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. ...
The voiceless postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
The voiceless alveolar fricatives are a type of consonantal sound. ...
T is the twentieth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ...
The voiceless alveolar plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. ...
The voiceless palatal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. ...
U is the twenty-first letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
The acute accent ( ´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
Jump to: navigation, search In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. ...
Ü, or ü, is a glyph which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, the letter U with umlaut, or a letter U with diaeresis. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
The double acute accent ( Ë ) is a diacritic mark of the latin script used primarily in written Hungarian. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
Jump to: navigation, search In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. ...
V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. ...
The voiced labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
W is the twenty-third letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ...
X is the twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
Y is the twenty-fifth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet. ...
The voiced alveolar fricatives are a type of consonantal sound. ...
The voiced palato-alveolar fricative or domed postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
Lexical Ordering / Collation While the characters with diacritic marks are considered separate letters, long and short vowels are treated the same when ordering words, therefore, for example, O and Ó are not distinguished, neither is Ö from Ő, but the latter two come after the O's.
The polygraphic consonant signs are treated as one letter.
| comb | | | cukor | | | csak | <cs> comes after <c> | | ... | | | folyik | | | folyó | <ó> is sorted as <o> | | folyosó | | | ... | | | fő | and <ő> is sorted as <ö>, | | födém | but <ö> comes after <o> | | ... | |
The simplified geminates of multigraphs (see above) such as <nny>, <ssz> are collated as <ny>+<ny>, <sz>+<sz> etc., if they are double geminates. Jump to: navigation, search In textual criticism and bibliography, collation means the reading of two (or more) texts side-by-side in order to note their differences. ...
- könnyű is collated as <k><ö><ny><ny><ű>. tizennyolc of course as <t><i><z><e><n><ny><o><l><c>, as this is a composite word tizen+nyolc ('above ten' + 'eight' = 'eighteen').
Similar 'ambiguities', which can occur with composite words (which are highly common in Hungarian) are dissolved and collated by sense. - e.g. házszám 'house number (address)' = ház + szám and of course not *házs + *zám.
See also Jump to: navigation, search An alphabet is a complete standardized set of letters — basic written symbols — each of which roughly represents a phoneme of a spoken language, either as it exists now or as it may have been in the past. ...
Jump to: navigation, search The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ...
ISO 8859-2, more formally cited as ISO/IEC 8859-2 or less formally as Latin-2, is part 2 of ISO/IEC 8859, a standard character encoding defined by ISO. It encodes what it refers to as Latin alphabet no. ...
Jump to: navigation, search The Hungarian language is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in Hungary and in adjacent areas of Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia, Austria, and Slovenia (all territories lost after World War I). ...
Variants of the Latin alphabet are used by the writing systems of many languages throughout the world. ...
External links - Typo.cz Information on Central European typography and typesetting (Some sloppy/incorrect information about the history alphabets)
- X-SAMPA for Hungarian
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