NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hungerford Bridge

Coordinates: 51°30′22″N, 0°07′12″W Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

The Hungerford Bridge runs over the River Thames in London, between Waterloo Bridge and Westminster Bridge. In its current design, it comprises a steel truss railway bridge — sometimes known as the Charing Cross Bridge — flanked by two cable-stayed pedestrian bridges that share the railway bridge's foundation piers, and which are properly named the Golden Jubilee Bridges. Image File history File links Hungerford_Bridge,_River_Thames,_London,_England. ... Image File history File links Hungerford_Bridge,_River_Thames,_London,_England. ... The Thames (pronounced []) is a river flowing through southern England, in its lower reaches flowing through London into the sea. ... full of cockneys. ... View of the old Waterloo Bridge from Whitehall stairs, John Constable, 18 June 1817 Waterloo Bridge. ... Westminster Bridge and the Palace of Westminster, with a glimpse of Westminster Abbey behind the tower of Big Ben. ... The old Steel cable of a colliery winding tower Steel is sometimes described as a sea of electrons. ... A truss bridge is a bridge composed of connected elements (typically straight) which may be stressed from tension, compression, or sometimes both in response to dynamic loads. ...

The south end of the bridge is near Waterloo station, County Hall, the Royal Festival Hall, and the London Eye. The north end is near Embankment tube station, Charing Cross railway station and the Victoria Embankment. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... County Hall County Hall is a building in Lambeth, London, that was the headquarters of London County Council and later the Greater London Council (GLC). ... The Royal Festival Hall is a concert, dance and talks venue within the South Bank Centre in London. ... The London Eye at twilight The British Airways London Eye, also known as the Millennium Wheel, opened in 1999 and is the largest observation wheel in the world (a type of Ferris wheel). ... Embankment station, April 2002 Embankment tube station is a London Underground station in the City of Westminster. ... Charing Cross Charing Cross railway station is a central London railway terminus. ... Victoria Embankment, London The Victoria Embankment, previously the Thames Embankment is a road and walkway along the north bank of the River Thames in London in the cities of Westminster and London. ...

History

Hungerford Bridge was originally designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel and opened in 1845 as a suspension footbridge. In 1859 it was bought to extend the South Eastern Railway into the newly opened Charing Cross railway station. The railway company replaced the suspension bridge with a structure designed by Sir John Hawkshaw, comprising nine spans made of wrought iron lattice girders. The chains from the old bridge were re-used in Bristol's Clifton Suspension Bridge. The original brick Pile Buttresses of Brunel's FootBridge are still in use, though the one on the Charing Cross side is now much closer to the River Bank than it was originally, due to the building of the Victoria Embankment, completed in 1870. The Buttress on the South Bank side still has the entrances and steps from the original Steamer Pier Brunel built on to the Footbridge. Brunel before the launching of the Great Eastern. ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... A suspension bridge is a type of bridge that has been made since ancient times. ... 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... The London and Greenwich Railway (LGR), together with the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway (CWR) in East Kent were the earliest railways to serve the then county of Kent: eventually both became parts of the South Eastern Railway (SER). ... Charing Cross Charing Cross railway station is a central London railway terminus. ... Sir John Hawkshaw (1811 - June 2, 1891), English engineer, was born in Yorkshire, and was educated at Leeds grammar school. ... A wrought iron railing in Troy, New York. ... Bristol (IPA: ) is a city, unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, 115 miles (185 km) west of London and located at With a population of 400,000, and metropolitan area of 550,000, it is Englands sixth, and the United Kingdoms ninth, most populous city... The Clifton Suspension Bridge is a suspension bridge, spanning the Avon Gorge and linking Clifton in Bristol to Leigh Woods in North Somerset, UK. Designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, it is a distinctive landmark that is often used as a symbol of Bristol. ... Victoria Embankment, London The Victoria Embankment, previously the Thames Embankment is a road and walkway along the north bank of the River Thames in London in the cities of Westminster and London. ...

Walkways were added on each side, with the upstream one later being removed when the railway was widened. In 1951 another walkway was temporarily added when an Army Bailey bridge was constructed for the Festival of Britain. In 1980 a temporary walkway was erected on the upstream side whilst the downstream railway bridge and walkway were refurbished. It is only one of three bridges in London to combine pedestrian and rail use; the others being the Fulham Railway Bridge and Barnes Railway Bridge. 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... Bailey bridge over the Coppename river at Witagron, Suriname. ... The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition which opened in May 1951 in London. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... full of cockneys. ... Fulham Railway Bridge crosses the River Thames in London. ... Barnes Railway Bridge crosses the River Thames in London in a North-East to South-West direction. ...

The footbridge gained a reputation for being narrow, dilapidated and dangerous at night. In the mid-1990s a decision was made to replace the footbridge with new structures on either side of the existing railway bridge, and a competition was held in 1996 for a new design. The concept design was won by architects Lifschutz Davidson and engineers WSP Group. Detailed design of the two bridges was carried out by Consulting Engineers Gifford, and the two new 4-metre wide footbridges were completed in 2002. They were named the Golden Jubilee Bridges, in honour of the fiftieth anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II's accession, although in practice they are still referred to as the "Hungerford Footbridges". See also 1990s, the band Germans dancing on the Berlin Wall in late 1989, the symbol of the cold war divide falls down as the world unites in the 1990s. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... The metre, or meter (U.S.), is a measure of length. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of 16 sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ...

Further justification for new footbridge structures both upstream and downstream of the railway bridge was that the railway bridge's brittle wrought iron support pillars were vulnerable to impact from riverboats. Especially following the Marchioness disaster it was felt these should be clad in concrete at water level but the bridge's owners, Railtrack, could not afford the work. The Golden Jubilee Bridges achieved this protection at no cost to Railtrack. A wrought iron railing in Troy, New York. ... The Marchioness disaster occurred on the River Thames on August 20, 1989, when the pleasure boat Marchioness sank after being run down by the dredger Bowbelle. ... Railtrack was a group of companies which owned the tracks, signals, tunnels, bridges, level crossings and some stations of the British railway system from its formation in April 1994 until 2002. ... Railtrack was a group of companies which owned the tracks, signals, tunnels, bridges, level crossings and some stations of the British railway system from its formation in April 1994 until 2002. ...

The new footbridges

The new footbridges posed a considerable engineering challenge. Their construction was complicated by the need to keep the existing railway bridge operating without interruptions. There was also the problem of the Bakerloo Line tunnels passing only a few feet under the river bed as well as the potential danger of unexploded bombs lurking in the Thames mud. The 300m-long decks were raised using an innovative method called incremental launching, in which each 50m-long section was pulled across the river using a 250m-long steel truss weighing 300 tonnes. This process was repeated five times until each deck spanned the river, supported by six temporary piers made of steel and concrete. The seven 25-tonne pylons were then raised over the subsequent two weeks. Once the pylons had been installed, the decks were jacked up to enable their connection with the cable stays suspended from the pylons. The concrete deck was then lowered into its final position and the temporary piers and supports were dismantled. The Bakerloo Line is a line of the London Underground and coloured brown on the Tube map. ... A tonne (symbol t), sometimes referred to as a metric tonne, is a measurement of weight. ... For pylons of overhead lines, see Electricity pylon Pylon Noun from Greek πυλώνας gateway tower like structure, usually one of a series, used to support high voltage electricity cables. ...

The design of the bridges is extremely complex. Each of the two decks is supported by inclined outward-leaning pylons. The decks are suspended from fans of slender steel rods called deck stays — there are 180 on each deck, made up of over 4 km of cable — and are held in position by other rods called back stays. Because the pylons lean, the back stays are under tension. The deck is secured in place by steel collars fitted around (although not supported by) the pillars of the railway bridge; the collars are themselves attached to the bridge's foundations by tie-down rods. The entire structure is thus held in place by exploiting the tensions between the pylons and the various stay rods and struts. km redirects here. ...

The new bridges won the Specialist category in the Royal Fine Art Commission Building of the Year Award in 2003. It gained a Structural Achievement Award commendation in the 2004 Institution of Structural Engineers awards, and has won awards from the Civic Trust and for its lighting design. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image:IStructE logo. ... The Civic Trust of England and Wales is a charitable organisation founded in 1957. ...

External links

Categories: Bridges and tunnels in London | Cable-stayed bridges | Transport in Westminster | Lambeth | Bridges completed in 1845 | Bridges completed in 2002 | Bridges across the River Thames Multimap. ... The London Eye at twilight The British Airways London Eye, also known as the Millennium Wheel, opened in 1999 and is the largest observation wheel in the world (a type of Ferris wheel). ... This is a list of crossings of the River Thames, downstream first, including bridges, tunnels and ferries. ... The Bakerloo Line is a line of the London Underground and coloured brown on the Tube map. ... Embankment station, April 2002 Embankment tube station is a London Underground station in the City of Westminster. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Northern Line (disambiguation). ... Embankment station, April 2002 Embankment tube station is a London Underground station in the City of Westminster. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Chelsea Bridge from the south bank. ... Grosvenor Bridge with Battersea Power Station in the background Grosvenor Bridge, often alternatively called Victoria Railway Bridge, is a railway bridge over the River Thames in London, between Vauxhall Bridge and Chelsea Bridge. ... Vauxhall bridge looking downstream from the north bank. ... Lambeth Bridge, seen from Millbank, looking north and downstream Lambeth Bridge from Millbank, facing east towards Lambeth Image:Lambeth. ... Westminster Bridge and the Palace of Westminster, with a glimpse of Westminster Abbey behind the tower of Big Ben. ... View of the old Waterloo Bridge from Whitehall stairs, John Constable, 18 June 1817 Waterloo Bridge. ... Blackfriars Bridge with St Pauls Cathedral behind Blackfriars Bridge viewed from upstream, looking south Blackfriars Bridge, seen from Waterloo Bridge. ... Blackfriars Railway Bridge, London, with remains of old bridge in foreground Blackfriars Railway Bridge is a railway bridge crossing the River Thames in London, between Blackfriars Bridge and the Millennium Bridge. ... The London Millennium Footbridge is a pedestrian-only steel suspension bridge crossing the River Thames in London between the existing Southwark Bridge and Blackfriars Bridge, linking Bankside with the City. ... Southwark Bridge and St Pauls Cathedral Southwark Bridge seen from the South Bank of the Thames. ... Cannon Street Railway Bridge Cannon Street Railway Bridge is a bridge in central London, crossing the River Thames. ... The current London Bridge, viewed from the south London Bridge is a bridge in London, England over the River Thames, between the City of London and Southwark. ... Tower Bridge is a bascule bridge in London, England over the River Thames. ... This is a list of crossings of the River Thames, downstream first, including bridges, tunnels and ferries. ... Bridges in the United Kingdom is a link page for any bridge in the United Kingdom. ...