Preceded by: Khaba	Pharaoh of Egypt 3rd Dynasty	Succeeded by: Sneferu
Huni
Hu, Houni, Hoeni[1]
Granite head of an Old Kingdom pharaoh, thought to represent Huni, now residing in the Brooklyn Museum.
Reign	2637 BC to 2613 BC[2] 26 years in Manetho, 24 years according to the Turin King List
Nomen	Huni The Smiter[2]
Consort(s)	Meresankh I
Issues	Sneferu
Father	Huni
Died	2613 BC
Major Monuments	Step pyramid(?), Island fort at Elephantine

Huni was the last Pharaoh of Egypt of the Third dynasty. He established a fortress on the island of Elephantine, securing the southern border of Egypt at the First Cataract. Huni was probably the father of Hetepheres, queen of the next king, Sneferu. A certain Huni is mentioned amongst the names of high officials from the court of Djoser, and if this was indeed the same man as this pharaoh, it is possible that Huni came to the throne at a very venerable age. He is credited with a 24-year reign in the Turin King List. Khaba was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypts Old Kingdom. ... Pharaoh was the ancient Egyptian name for the office of kingship. ... Known rulers, in the History of Egypt, for the Third Dynasty. ... Sneferu He of Beauty[1] Horus name Neb-maat[2] Nebty name Neb-maat-nebty[2] Golden Horus Bik-nub[2] Consort(s) Hetepheres I Issues Khufu Father Huni Mother Meresankh I Died 2589 BC Major Monuments Bent Pyramid, Red Pyramid Sneferu, also spelt as Snefru or Snofru (in Greek... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 418 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1136 × 1628 pixel, file size: 3. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 418 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1136 × 1628 pixel, file size: 3. ... The Brooklyn Museum, located at 200 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, New York, is the second largest art museum in New York City, and one of the largest in the United States. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... (28th century BC - 27th century BC - 26th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) Events 2900 - 2334 BC -- Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period 2775 - 2650 BC -- Second Dynasty wars in Egypt Germination of the Bristlecone pine tree Methuselah about 2700 BC, the... (Redirected from 2613 BC) (28th century BC - 27th century BC - 26th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) Events 2900 - 2334 BC -- Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period 2775 - 2650 BC -- Second Dynasty wars in Egypt Germination of the Bristlecone pine tree Methuselah... The Turin King List also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is a unique papyrus, written in hieratic, currently in the Museo Egizio (Egyptian Museum) at Turin, to which it owes its modern name. ... The royal titulary or royal protocol of an Egyptian Pharaoh is the standard naming convention taken by the kings of Ancient Egypt. ... (Redirected from 2613 BC) (28th century BC - 27th century BC - 26th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) Events 2900 - 2334 BC -- Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period 2775 - 2650 BC -- Second Dynasty wars in Egypt Germination of the Bristlecone pine tree Methuselah... The Pyramid of the Moon, Teotihuacan, is one example of an enormous step pyramid. ... Elephantine Island, showing the nilometer (lower left) and the Aswan Museum. ... Pharaoh was the ancient Egyptian name for the office of kingship. ... Known rulers, in the History of Egypt, for the Third Dynasty. ... Elephantine Island, showing the nilometer (lower left) and the Aswan Museum. ... The six cataracts of the Nile Fourth Cataract Sixth Cataract The six primary cataracts of the Nile are shallow stretches between Aswan and Khartoum where the waters surface is broken by numerous small boulders and stones lying on the river bed, as well as many small rocky islets. ... Hetepheres II must have been one of the longest living members of the royal family of the Fourth dynasty of Egypt. ... Sneferu He of Beauty[1] Horus name Neb-maat[2] Nebty name Neb-maat-nebty[2] Golden Horus Bik-nub[2] Consort(s) Hetepheres I Issues Khufu Father Huni Mother Meresankh I Died 2589 BC Major Monuments Bent Pyramid, Red Pyramid Sneferu, also spelt as Snefru or Snofru (in Greek... Netjerikhet Consort(s) Inetkawes, Hetephernebti Unknown Father Khasekhemwy? Mother Nimaethap? Major Monuments Pyramid of Djoser Netjerikhet Djoser (Turin King List Dsr-it; Manetho Tosarthros) is the best-known pharaoh of the Third dynasty of Egypt, for commissioning the official Imhotep to build his Step Pyramid at Saqqara. ... The Turin King List also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is a unique papyrus, written in hieratic, currently in the Museo Egizio (Egyptian Museum) at Turin, to which it owes its modern name. ...

Huni is sometimes credited with building a great stepped pyramid at Meidum (larger than that of Djoser), which was supposedly left unfinished at the time of his death, thus his successor Snofru, it is said, completed it near the beginning of his reign. However, this theory comes out of a simple desire to have a significant monument attributed to Huni; there is no evidence whatsoever that the Meidum pyramid was his burial place. The name of Snofru, however, has been found at Meidum, and many of Snofru's children, particularly princes Nefermaat and Rahotep, have been buried in mastabas at the Meidum necropolis. Thus it seems more likely that it was Snofru who had the pyramid built and, later on during his reign, transformed it from the stepped pyramid into a true pyramid by having its sides smoothed. The pyramid has since collapsed, leaving only its core. The Pyramid of the Moon, Teotihuacan, is one example of an enormous step pyramid. ... Located about 100km south of modern Cairo, Meidum is the location of a large pyramid, and several large mud-brick mastabas. ... Netjerikhet Consort(s) Inetkawes, Hetephernebti Unknown Father Khasekhemwy? Mother Nimaethap? Major Monuments Pyramid of Djoser Netjerikhet Djoser (Turin King List Dsr-it; Manetho Tosarthros) is the best-known pharaoh of the Third dynasty of Egypt, for commissioning the official Imhotep to build his Step Pyramid at Saqqara. ... Sneferus Cartouche Sneferu, also spelt as Snefru or Snofru (in Greek known as Soris), was the founder of the Fourth dynasty of Egypt, reigning from around 2613 BC to 2589 BC. The father of Egypts most famous pyramid builder, Khufu, Sneferu was actually more prolific than his heir... A mastaba was a flat-roofed, mud brick, rectangular building with sloping sides that marked the burial site of many eminent Egyptians of Egypts ancient period. ... For the record label, see Necropolis Records. ...

Another pyramid exists which was very likely built by Huni, but this is a small ceremonial pyramid the ruins of which have been found at Elephantine island. This pyramid was not a tomb, nor did it have a surrounding necropolis or temple complex: its real function and religious significance remain unknown. However, many of such small, ceremonial, pyramids have been found, built by Old Kingdom pharaohs throughout the kingdom of Egypt. The Old Kingdom is the name commonly given to that period in the 3rd millennium BC when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization complexity and achievement – this was the first of three so-called Kingdom periods, which mark the high points of civilization in the Nile Valley (the...

Huni was also known, in later monuments at least, as Ka-nefer-ra, and his reign, at the end of the Third Dynasty, seems in some way to mark a watershed in history. It appears that his successor Snofru was not his son, and there are some indications of dramatic events at the time. One theory, recently advanced by Emmet Sweeney (in The Pyramid Age, New York, 2007), is that Huni was the pharaoh of the Oprression in biblical tradition. This conclusion follows naturally from the theory that the biblical Joseph was identical to Imhotep, who lived only a short time before Huni, and who was also associated with a seven-year famine. It is further strengthened by Huni's other name of Ka-nefer-ra, identical to the name Khenephres, by which Artapanus of Alexandria knew the pharaoh of the Oppression. (See also Sweeney's The Genesis of Israel and Egypt, 1997).

Notes

1. ^ Huni accessed November 18, 2006
2. ^ ^{a b} Clayton, Peter A. (1994) Chronicle of the Pharaohs: the reign-by-reign record of the rulers and dynasties of ancient Egypt p42. Thames and Hudson, New York, ISBN 0500050740

External References

• Meidum: Site of the Broken Pyramid & Remnants of the First True Pyramid- Virtual-Egypt