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Encyclopedia > Huntsman spider
Wikipedia:How to read a taxobox
How to read a taxobox
Huntsman spiders
Huntsman spider
Huntsman spider
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Section: Entelegynae
Superfamily: Sparassoidea
Family: Sparassidae
Bertkau, 1872
Diversity
82 genera, 1009 species

Genera

Delena
Heteropoda
Holconia
Isopeda
Isopedella
Leucorchestris
Micrommata
Neosparassus
Olios
Pediana
Pseudopoda
Thelcticopis
Many others Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1600x1067, 181 KB) Huntsman Spider If you are a (commercial) publisher and you want me to write you an email or paper mail giving you an authorization to use my works in your products or a license with the terms of... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... “Animalia” redirects here. ... Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders,scorpions, etc. ... Extant orders Acarina Amblypygi Araneae Opiliones Palpigradi Pseudoscorpionida Ricinulei Schizomida Solifugae Uropygi Wikispecies has information related to: Arachnida Arachnids are a class (Arachnida) of joint-legged invertebrate animals in the subphylum Chelicerata. ... Diversity 111 families, 40,000 species Suborders Mesothelae Mygalomorphae Araneomorphae  See table of families Closeup image of a Wolf Spider Wikispecies has information related to: Spiders Spiders are predatory invertebrate animals that have two body segments, eight legs, no chewing mouth parts and no wings. ... The Entelegynae are a subgroup of araneomorph spiders. ... This page lists all described species of the spider family Sparassidae as of May 19, 2006. ... Image File history File links Distribution. ... Diversity 4 species Species See text. ... Diversity 177 species Species H. venatoria  hundreds more The Heteropoda are a pantropical genus of spiders. ... Diversity 8 species Type species Leucorchestris arenicola Lawrence, 1962 Species See text. ... Diversity 6 species Type species Araneus virescens Clerck, 1757 Species See text. ... Diversity 44 species Type species Themeropis severa L. Koch, 1875 Species See text. ...

Huntsman spider is a common name given to the family Sparassidae (formerly Heteropodidae). The larger specimens of these spiders are called Wood Spiders in most parts of Australia, due to their common preference for inhabiting woody places (forest, mine shafts, etc). In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is 1) a rank or 2) a taxon in that rank. ... Genera Delena (Flat huntsman spider) Heteropoda (Brown huntsman spider) Holconia (Banded huntsman spider) Isopeda Isopedella Neosparassus (Shield hunstman spider) Pediana Numerous others, see links Huntsman spiders is a common name given to the family Sparassidae (formerly Heteropodidae). ...


These eight-eyed spiders are found in Australia, New Zealand, Southeast Asia, the Mediterranean, Florida, and Hawaii, and possibly in many other tropical and semi-tropical regions. Very few spider species have a palearctic distribution. Diversity 111 families, 40,000 species Suborders Mesothelae Mygalomorphae Araneomorphae  See table of families Closeup image of a Wolf Spider Wikispecies has information related to: Spiders Spiders are predatory invertebrate animals that have two body segments, eight legs, no chewing mouth parts and no wings. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Official language(s) English Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Largest metro area Miami Area  Ranked 22nd  - Total 65,795[1] sq mi (170,304[1] km²)  - Width 361 miles (582 km)  - Length 447 miles (721 km)  - % water 17. ... Official language(s) English, Hawaiian Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Area  Ranked 43rd  - Total 10,931 sq mi (29,311 km²)  - Width n/a miles (n/a km)  - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km)  - % water 41. ... The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... ... In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. ... The Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight ecozones dividing the Earth surface (see map). ...

Contents

Appearance

While frequently very large – in Laos, Heteropoda maxima males can attain a legspan of 250–300 mm (9.8–11.8 in) – and a bit fearsome-looking, Huntsman spiders are not deadly to humans. They do bite if provoked, but the victim will suffer only minor swelling and localised pain, and will recover in a day or two. Some larger types resemble tarantulas, and may be mistaken for them, as the Huntsman is related (which is why the term "Australian tarantula" has sometimes been used to describe them by the Natural History Museum in Sydney). Huntsmen can generally be identified by their legs, which, rather than being jointed vertically relative to the body, are twisted such that the legs extend forward in a crab-like fashion. A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Diversity 113 genera, 897 species Genera Subfamily Acanthopelminae    Acanthopelma Subfamily Aviculariinae    Avicularia    Ephobopus    Pachistopelma    Tapinauchenius Subfamily Eumenophorinae    Anoploscelus    Batesiella    Citharischius    Encyocrates    Eumenophorus    Hysterocrates    Loxomphalia    Loxoptygus    Monocentropus    Myostola    Phoneyusa    Polyspina Subfamily Harpactirinae    Ceratogyrus    Coelogenium    Eucratoscelus    Harpactira    Pterinochilus Subfamily Ischnocolinae    Chaetopelma    Cratorrhagus    Heterothele    Ischnocolus    Nesiergus    Plesiophrictus/Neoplesiophrictus Subfamily Ornithoctoninae    Citharognathus    Cyriopagopus    Haplopelma... The Sydney Opera House on Sydney Harbour Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of over 4,200,000 people, and 151,920 in the City of Sydney. ... Superfamilies Dromiacea Homolodromioidea Dromioidea Homoloidea Eubrachyura Raninoidea Cyclodorippoidea Dorippoidea Calappoidea Leucosioidea Majoidea Hymenosomatoidea Parthenopoidea Retroplumoidea Cancroidea Portunoidea Bythograeoidea Xanthoidea Bellioidea Potamoidea Pseudothelphusoidea Gecarcinucoidea Cryptochiroidea Pinnotheroidea * Ocypodoidea * Grapsoidea * An asterisk (*) marks the crabs included in the clade Thoracotremata. ...


Many Huntsman spiders are dull shades of brown or grey. Their legs are covered with fairly prominent spines, but the rest of their bodies appear smooth. They are frequently found in sheds, garages and other infrequently-disturbed places. The Banded Huntsman (Holconia) is larger and grey to brown with striped bands on its legs. The Badge Huntsman (Neosparassus) is larger still, and brown and hairy. Its bite will inflict the worst injury, and local swelling and pain may cause nausea, headache, vomiting and heart palpitations. The tropical or Brown Huntsman (Heteropoda) is also large and hairy, with mottled brown, white and black markings. The eyesight of these spiders is not nearly as good as that of the Salticidae (jumping spiders). Nevertheless, their vision is quite sufficient to detect approaching humans or other large animals from some distance. Heteropoda venatoria The Brown huntsman spider is found world-wide in tropical areas. ... Genera Bagheera Corythalia Eris Freya Ghelna Habronattus Hentzia Lyssomanes Maevia Marpissa Messua Metacyrba Naphrys Paramarpissa Paraphidippus Phidippus Portia Salticus Sarinda Sassacus Sitticus Synemosyna Thiodina Zygoballus and many others The jumping spiders (Salticidae) are a family of spiders containing more than 4,000 species. ...


Habitat and distribution

Adult Huntsman spider on the underside of a log in Victoria, Australia

Members of the Huntsman family of spiders are very common in Australia, but also in many tropical and semi-tropical parts of the world. They have been introduced to many parts of the world, including China, Japan and southern parts of the United states, such as Florida and Puerto Rico. A species of Huntsman can be found in Hawaii, where it is commonly known as a Cane Spider. In general they are likely to be found wherever ships may bring them as unintended passengers to areas that are not too cold for them to survive in the winter. In southern Africa they are commonly known as rain spiders because of their tendency to seek shelter before rain storms, often entering human habitations when doing so. [1] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1600x1067, 729 KB) Huntsman spider on a log, East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia If you are a (commercial) publisher and you want me to write you an email or paper mail giving you an authorization to use my works in your products... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1600x1067, 729 KB) Huntsman spider on a log, East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia If you are a (commercial) publisher and you want me to write you an email or paper mail giving you an authorization to use my works in your products... Official language(s) English Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Largest metro area Miami Area  Ranked 22nd  - Total 65,795[1] sq mi (170,304[1] km²)  - Width 361 miles (582 km)  - Length 447 miles (721 km)  - % water 17. ... The Cane Spider (Heteropoda venatoria) is believed to have been introduced from Asia, and is commonly found in Hawaii. ...


As adults, Huntsman spiders do not build webs, but hunt and forage for food: their diet consists primarily of insects and other invertebrates. They live in the crevices of tree bark, but will frequently wander into homes and vehicles. They are able to travel extremely fast, and walk on walls and even on ceilings. They also tend to exhibit a "cling" reflex if picked up, making them difficult to shake off and much more likely to bite. The females are fierce defenders of their egg sacs and young. They will generally make a threat display if provoked, but if the warning is ignored they may attack and bite. Invertebrate is a term that describes any animal without a spinal column. ...


Toxicity and aggression

In general, Huntsman spiders are not regarded as dangerous, and can be considered beneficial because they feed on insects (Many Australians will relocate Huntsmen to the garden rather than kill them). There have been reports of members of the genus Neosparassus (formerly called Olios) giving bites that have caused prolonged pain, inflammation, headache, vomiting and irregular pulse rate; however, a scientific study into the bite of these spiders did not note any severe or unusual symptoms resulting from confirmed Neosparassus bites [1]. It is unclear under what circumstances these spiders bite people, but it is known that female members of this family are quite brave in defending their egg sacs and their young.


Sound production in mating rituals

Males of Heteropoda venatoria, one of the Huntsman spiders that seems to easily find its way around the world, have recently been found to deliberately make a sound when they are given reason to believe that females of their species are nearby. Their method of making sounds is unlike methods already observed in other species of spiders. The males anchor themselves firmly to the surface onto which they have crawled and then use their legs to vibrate their entire bodies. It appears that most of the sound emitted is actually produced by the strong vibrations of the two rearmost pairs of legs. The characteristic frequency of vibration and the pattern of bursts of sound seem to identify them to females of their species, who will approach if they are interested in mating [2].


Gallery

Genus Heteropoda

Genus Micrommata

See also

This page lists all described species of the spider family Sparassidae as of May 19, 2006. ... Diversity 111 families Families see table The Araneae are an order of the arthropod class Arachnida with about 40,000 described species, although there are probably many species that have escaped the human eye to this day, and lots of specimen stored in collections waiting to be described and classified. ...

References

  • Bayram, A. (2001): Micrommata virescens (Clerck, 1757), a New Species for the Spider Fauna of Turkey (Araneae, Sparassidae). Turk J Zool 26:305-307 PDF

External links

Wikispecies has information related to:
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

  Results from FactBites:
 
Spider Identification Chart (1548 words)
Spider Identification - adult size varies 12 to 20 mm in body length - grey to fl in colour with a white section on the end of it's tail - as illustrated.
Spider Identification - an adult is 15 mm to 30 mm in body length - mottled grey to brown in colour, with a distinct Union Jack impression on it's back.
Habitat - this spider is a ground dweller, with a burrow retreat lined with silk of up to 250 mm in depth and around 25 mm in width - prefers nesting in drier exposed locations - often has a wafer-like lid on the burrow entrance.
Huntsman Spiders (750 words)
Huntsman Spiders are found living under loose bark on trees, in crevices on rock walls and in logs, under rocks and slabs of bark on the ground, and on foliage.
Badge Huntsman spiders (Neosparassus species, formerly Olios spp.) are usually fawn or grey on top, with distinctive colour combinations of fl, white, orange or yellow under the abdomen (the 'badge') and colour bands on the underside of the front legs.
Huntsman spiders, like all spiders, moult in order to grow and often their old skin may be mistaken for the original spider when seen suspended on bark or in the house.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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