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A smoky day at the Sugar Bowl
Edward Curtis, photographer

The Hupa (also spelled Hoopa; Hupa: Natinixwe) are an Athabaskan tribe that inhabit northwestern California. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Download high resolution version (1476x2000, 1158 KB)TITLE: A smoky day at the Sugar Bowl--Hupa CALL NUMBER: LOT 12318-C [item] [P&P] Check for an online group record (may link to related items) REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-47020 (b&w film copy neg. ... Download high resolution version (1476x2000, 1158 KB)TITLE: A smoky day at the Sugar Bowl--Hupa CALL NUMBER: LOT 12318-C [item] [P&P] Check for an online group record (may link to related items) REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-47020 (b&w film copy neg. ... Edward Curtis circa 1889 From left to right are: Elizabeth M. Curtis (1896-1973) aka Beth Curtis; Harold Curtis (1894-?); Clara J. Phillips (1874-1932); and Florence Curtis (1899-?) circa 1905-1909 The North American Indian, 1907 New York Times on April 16, 1911 In the Land of the Head... A smoky day at the Sugar Bowl Edward Curtis, photographer The Hupa are an Athabaskan tribe which inhabit northwestern California. ... Areas in which Athabaskan languages and Eyak and Tlingit are traditionally spoken Athabaskan or Athabascan (also Athapascan or Athapaskan) is the name of a large group of distantly related Native American peoples, also known as the Athabasca Indians or Athapaskes, located in two main Southern and Northern groups in western... http://www. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ...

Population

Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. (See Population of Native California.) Alfred L. Kroeber (1925:883) thought that the 1770 population of the Hupa was 1,000 and that the Chilula and Whilkut accounted for another 1,000. In 1943, Sherburne F. Cook (1976:170) proposed an aboriginal population of 1,000 for the Hupa and 600 for the Chilula. He subsequently suggested a population for the Hupa alone of 2,000 (Cook 1956:99-100). William J. Wallace (1978:176) felt that the latter estimate was "much too high", and allowed 1,000 for the Hupa, 500-600 for the Chilula, and 500 for the Whilkut. It has been suggested that List of Native American tribes be merged into this article or section. ... Native California Population, according to Cook 1978. ... Alfred Louis Kroeber Alfred Louis Kroeber (June 11, 1876–October 5, 1960) was one of the most influential figures in American anthropology in the first half of the twentieth century. ... The Chilula were an Athapaskan tribe who inhabited the area on or near lower Redwood Creek, California 500 to 600 years before contact with whites. ... Sherburne Friend Cook was a physiologist by training, and served as professor and chairman of the department of physiology at the University of California, Berkeley. ...

Kroeber estimated the population of the Hupa in 1910 as 500.

Early history

Hupa are Native North Americans whose language belongs to the Athabaskan language family. Hupa tradition suggests that they lived in the Hoopa valley for over 4,000 years, but their language suggests that they are relatively recent immigrants from what is now western Canada. ... Athabaskan or Athabascan (also Athapascan or Athapaskan) is the name of a large group of distantly related Native American peoples, also known as the Athabasca Indians or Athapaskes, and of their language family. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Modern history

In the 19th century, they occupied the South Fork of the Trinity River to the Hoopa valley to the Klamath River in California. Their red cedar-planked houses, dugout canoes, basket hats, and many elements in their mythology identify them with the Northwest Coast culture, of which they are the southernmost representatives; however, some of their customs, the use of a sweat house for ceremonies and the manufacture of acorn bread, are not characteristic of that culture area. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Trinity River is the longest tributary of the Klamath River, approximately 130 mi (209 km) long, in northwestern California in the United States. ... The Klamath River, approximately 250 mi (400 km) long, is a major river of the Pacific coast in southern Oregon and northern California in the United States. ... Red Cedar may refer to: Australian Red Cedar, Toona australis Eastern Red Cedar, Juniperus virginiana Red Cedar, Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Western Red Cedar, Thuja plicata Michigan)]] Red Cedar River (Wisconsin) Cedar (disambiguation) Category: ... It has been suggested that Canadian canoe be merged into this article or section. ... The word mythology (from the Greek μυολογία mythología, from mythologein to relate myths, from mythos, meaning a narrative, and logos, meaning speech or argument) literally means the (oral) retelling of myths – stories that a particular culture believes to be true and that use the supernatural to interpret natural events and... Regional definitions vary from source to source. ...

In 1864, the U.S. government signed a treaty that recognized the Hupa tribe's sovereignty to their land. The United States called the reservation the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation, where the Hupa now reside next to the territory of their neighbors, the Yurok at the connection of the Klamath and Trinity Rivers in northeastern Humboldt County. The reservation has a land area of 365.413 km² (141.087 sq mi) and a resident population of 2,633 persons in the 2000 census. 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... ... Reconstruction of a Yurok Native American plankhouse constructed of redwood boards. ... The Klamath River, approximately 250 mi (400 km) long, is a major river of the Pacific coast in southern Oregon and northern California in the United States. ... Humboldt County is a county located on the northwest coast of the U.S. state of California, on the Pacific Ocean. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ...

Culture

The Hupa's clothing was made from braided bear grass.

Notable Hupa Peoples

Sonoma State basketball team forward Thomas Ammon is of Hupa decent, and still has family living in the Hoopa Valley Reservation.

Language

Main article: Hupa language

A smoky day at the Sugar Bowl Edward Curtis, photographer The Hupa are an Athabaskan tribe which inhabit northwestern California. ...

See also

• Hupa traditional narratives
• Hupa language

Hupa traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Hupa, Chilula, and Whilkut people of the Trinity River basin and vicinity of northwestern California. ... A smoky day at the Sugar Bowl Edward Curtis, photographer The Hupa are an Athabaskan tribe which inhabit northwestern California. ...

References

• Cook, Sherburne F. 1956. "The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California". Anthropological Records 16:81-130. University of California, Berkeley.
• Cook, Sherburne F. 1976a. The Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Goddard, Pliny E. 1903. "Life and Culture of the Hupa". University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 1:1-88.
• Kroeber, A. L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.
• Wallace, William J. 1978. "Hupa, Chilula, and Whilkut". In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 91-98. Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, vol. 8. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
• Hoopa Valley Reservation, California United States Census Bureau

External links

• Hoopa Valley Tribe
• San Francisco State University - Hupa