A hybrid vehicle (HV) is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources such as:

• An on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion
• Human powered bicycle with battery assist
• A sail boat with electric power[1]

The term most commonly refers to a petroleum electric hybrid vehicle, also called Hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) which use internal combustion engines and electric batteries to power electric motors. See also "Types of hybrid vehicles" and "List of hybrid vehicles". A rechargeable energy storage system or RESS is a system that stores energy for delivery of electric energy and which is rechargeable. ... Ground propulsion is a different term than transport, because it refers to solid bodies being propelled. ... A Toyota Prius, one example of a PEHV. A Petroleum Electric Hybrid Vehicle (PEHV) is a vehicle using an on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion. ... An internal combustion engine is an engine that is powered by the expansion of hot combustion products of fuel directly acting within an engine. ... Four double-A batteries In science and technology, a battery is a device that stores energy and makes it available in an electrical form. ... Rotating magnetic field as a sum of magnetic vectors from 3 phase coils An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. ... Hybrid vehicle designers have found many ways to generate and store energy, and to apply the energy to vehicle propulsion. ... This is a list of hybrid vehicles in chronological order of production: // 1907 AL (French car) 1989 Audi 100 Duo 1994 Audi 80 Duo 1996 AC Propulsion tzero (primarily electric vehicle; 80 mile PbA, 300 mile Li-ion(2003) EV-mode) 1997 Toyota Prius (first commercially mass-produced and marketed...

History

One of the earliest hybrid vehicles were simply boats with both sails and oars, such as the Greek/Phoenician trireme warships. These used a sail for traveling with the wind, and the oars for when there was insufficient wind, or in circumstances that the sail was unfavorable (such as naval combat, in the case of the triremes). A Greek trireme. ...

Two-wheeled and cycle-type vehicles

Mopeds and electric bicycles are a simple form of a hybrid, as power is delivered both via an internal combustion engine or electric motor and the rider's muscles. A picture of several mopeds from a ride sponsored by the Moped Army. ... It has been suggested that Electric power-assist system be merged into this article or section. ... An internal combustion engine is an engine that is powered by the expansion of hot combustion products of fuel directly acting within an engine. ... Rotating magnetic field as a sum of magnetic vectors from 3 phase coils An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. ...

• In a parallel hybrid bicycle human and motor power are mechanically coupled at the pedal drive train or at the rear or the front wheel, e.g. using a hub motor, a roller pressing onto a tire, or a connection to a wheel using a transmission element. Human and motor torques are added together. Almost all manufactured models are of this type. See Motorized bicycles, Mopeds and ^[1] for more information.

• In a series hybrid bicycle (SH) the user powers a generator using the pedals. This is converted into electricity and can be fed directly to the motor giving a chainless bicycle but also to charge a battery. The motor draws power from the battery and must be able to deliver the full mechanical torque required because none is available from the pedals. SH bicycles are not yet commercially available. They will become feasible if extremely high-efficiency generators and motors are available at competitive prices, especially for recumbent bicycles and tandems, where problems associated with the complexity of a long chain drive can be avoided. ^[2].

The first known prototype and publication of a SH bicycle is by Augustus Kinzel (US Patent 3'884'317) in 1975. In 1994 Bernie Macdonalds conceived the Electrilite SH lightweight vehicle which used power electronics allowing regenerative braking and pedaling while stationary. In 1995 Thomas Müller designed a "Fahrrad mit elektromagnetischem Antrieb" in his 1995 diploma thesis and built a functional vehicle. In 1996 Jürg Blatter and Andreas Fuchs of Berne University of Applied Sciences built a SH bicycle and in 1998 mounted the system onto a Leitra tricycle (European patent EP 1165188). In 1999 Harald Kutzke described his concept of the "active bicycle": the aim is to approach the ideal bicycle weighing nothing and having no drag by electronic compensation. Until 2005 Fuchs and colleagues built several prototype SH tricycles and quadricycles. [2]

It has been suggested that Electric power-assist system be merged into this article or section. ... A picture of several mopeds from a ride sponsored by the Moped Army. ... A chainless bicycle or shaft-driven bicycle is a bicycle that uses a driveshaft instead of a chain to transmit power from the pedals to the wheel. ... The Leitra is a velomobile, a speedy, shielded recumbent bicycle for use in diverse weather conditions, and has been in commercial production in Denmark since 1983. ...

Heavy vehicles

Hybrid power trains are used for diesel-electric or turbo-electric railway locomotives, buses, heavy goods vehicles, mobile hydraulic machinery, and ships. Some form of heat engine drives an electric generator or hydraulic pump which power one or several electric or hydraulic motors. There are advantages in distributing power through wires or pipes rather than mechanical elements especially when multiple drives - e.g. driven wheels or propellers - are required. There are disadvantages due to the power lost in the double conversion. With large vehicles the advantages often outweigh especially as the relative conversion losses decrease with size. Generally there is no or relatively little energy storage capacity, e.g. auxiliary and emergency batteries and hydraulic accumulators. A number of vehicles use a diesel-electric powerplant for providing locomotion. ... UP 18, a locomotive with a turbo-electric drivetrain A turbo-electric transmission uses electric generators to convert the mechanical energy of a turbine (steam or gas) into electric energy and electric motors to convert it back into mechanical energy to power the driveshafts. ... Hydraulically powered cylinders are visible on this excavator. ... A hydraulic accumulator is an energy storage device. ...

Petroleum-electric hybrids

Hybrid Orion VI Metrobus

Main article: Petroleum electric hybrid vehicle

When the term hybrid vehicle is used, it most often refers to a Petroleum electric hybrid vehicle. These encompass such vehicles as the Toyota Prius, Toyota Camry Hybrid, Ford Escape Hybrid, Honda Insight and others. A petroleum-electric hybrid most commonly uses internal combustion engines (generally gasoline or Diesel engines, powered by a variety of fuels) and electric batteries to power electric motors. There are many types of petroleum-electric hybrid drivetrains from Full hybrid to Mild hybrid which offer varying advantages and disadvantages ^[3]. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (900x291, 59 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Hybrid vehicle Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (900x291, 59 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Hybrid vehicle Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner... A 2000 Orion VI (06. ... Metrobus may refer to: MCW Metrobus, a bus model manufactured by MCW in the 1970s and 1980s. ... A Toyota Prius, one example of a PEHV. A Petroleum Electric Hybrid Vehicle (PEHV) is a vehicle using an on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion. ... A Toyota Prius, one example of a PEHV. A Petroleum Electric Hybrid Vehicle (PEHV) is a vehicle using an on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion. ... Prius redirects here. ... 2007 Toyota Camry Hybrid The Toyota Camry Hybrid is a hybrid version of Toyotas popular Camry sedan, introduced for the 2007 model year in May 2006. ... The Ford Escape Hybrid, launched in 2004, is a gas-electric hybrid powered version of the Ford Escape sport utility vehicle developed by the Ford Motor Company. ... The Honda Insight is a 2-seater hatchback hybrid automobile manufactured by Honda. ... An internal combustion engine is an engine that is powered by the expansion of hot combustion products of fuel directly acting within an engine. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Four double-A batteries In science and technology, a battery is a device that stores energy and makes it available in an electrical form. ... Rotating magnetic field as a sum of magnetic vectors from 3 phase coils An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. ... Hybrid vehicle designers have found many ways to generate and store energy, and to apply the energy to vehicle propulsion. ...

Hybrid fuel (dual mode)

In addition to vehicles that use two or more different devices for propulsion, some also consider vehicles that use distinct energy input types ("fuels") using the same tank and engine to be hybrids, although to avoid confusion with hybrids as described above and to use correctly the terms, these are described as dual mode vehicles: Ground propulsion is a different term than transport, because it refers to solid bodies being propelled. ... Fuel is any material that is capable of releasing energy when its chemical or physical structure is changed or converted. ... A dual-mode vehicle is a vehicle that can run on power from two different sources, typically electricity from overhead lines or ground level power supply and in parallel or alternating from an internal combustion engine burning liquid fuels or gas. ...

• Some electric trolleybuses can switch between an on board diesel engine and overhead electrical power depending on conditions (see dual mode bus). In principle, this could be combined with a battery subsystem to create a true plug-in hybrid trolleybus, although as of 2006, no such design seems to have been announced.
• Flexible-fuel vehicles can use a mixture of input fuels (petroleum and biofuels) in one tank — typically gasoline and bioethanol or biobutanol, though diesel-biodiesel vehicles would also qualify. Liquified petroleum gas and natural gas are very different from each other and cannot be used in the same tanks, so it would be impossible to build an (LPG-NG) flexible fuel system.
• Some vehicles have been modified to use another fuel source if it is available, such as cars modified to run on autogas (LPG) and diesels modified to run on waste vegetable oil that has not been processed into bio-diesel.
• Power-assist mechanisms for bicycles and other human-powered vehicles are also included.

A trolleybus in Arnhem An electric trolleybus (also known as trolley bus or trackless trolley or simply trolley) is a bus powered by two overhead electric wires, from which the bus draws electricity using two trolley poles. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A dual mode bus is a bus that can run on power from two different sources, typically electricity from overhead wires and some fossil fuel. ... 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A flexible-fuel vehicle or dual-fuel vehicle is an automobile or truck (lorry) that can typically alternate between two sources of fuel. ... Biofuel is any fuel that is derived from biomass — recently living organisms or their metabolic byproducts, such as manure from cows. ... Gasoline is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting mostly of hydrocarbons and enhanced with benzene or iso-octane to increase octane ratings, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... Butanol (butyl alcohol) is a higher alcohol with a 4 carbon atom structure and a general formula of C4H10O. There are 4 different isomeric structures for butanol (refer to box). ... In some countries, filling stations sell bio-diesel more cheaply than conventional diesel. ... 45 kg LPG cylinders Spherical Gas Container typically found in Refineries. ... Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane but including significant quantities of ethane, butane, propane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium and hydrogen sulfide. ... Autogas is the common name for liquified petroleum gas when it is used as a fuel in internal combustion engines in vehicles. ... Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) is vegetable oil that has become unfit for food preparation. ... Ōfuckỹdgfdddfdefdfdfdfdfdfdaasdfasdfasf For other uses, see Bicycle (disambiguation). ... Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin: wise man or knowing man) under the family Hominidae (the great apes). ...

See also

Energy Portal

Ecology Portal

Image File history File links Portal. ... Image File history File links Portal. ... Alternative propulsion is a term used frequently for power train concepts differing to the standard internal combustion engine concept used in gasoline- or diesel-fueled vehicles. ... Bivalent is the engine that can use petroleum and renewable energy. ... Great Western Railway No. ... A trolley bus, powered by a pair of overhead wires. ... A Toyota Prius, one example of a PEHV. A Petroleum Electric Hybrid Vehicle (PEHV) is a vehicle using an on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion. ... Hybrid Locomotive is a Locomotive or Multiple Unit Train that uses an on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fuelled power source for propulsion. ... The number of US survey respondents willing to pay $4,000 more for a plug-in hybrid car increased from 17% in 2005 to 26% in 2006. ... This is a list of hybrid vehicles in chronological order of production: // 1907 AL (French car) 1989 Audi 100 Duo 1994 Audi 80 Duo 1996 AC Propulsion tzero (primarily electric vehicle; 80 mile PbA, 300 mile Li-ion(2003) EV-mode) 1997 Toyota Prius (first commercially mass-produced and marketed... A tribrid vehicle is a third generation in alternative propulsion vehicles, that is, a bivalent hybrid vehicle with turbine (second generation), that also obtains energy from the ambient environment (solar panel, windmill or sail). ...

References

February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

External links

News

Man Motors On Hybrid Bicycle video - Sept 2006