Hydrogen chloride
General
Systematic name	Hydrogen chloride Chlorane
Molecular formula	HCl
Molar mass	36.46 g/mol
Appearance	colorless gas fumes in moist air
CAS number	[7647-01-0]
Properties
Density and phase	1.477 g/l, gas (25 °C)
Solubility in water	72 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Melting point	−114.2 °C (158.8 K)
Boiling point	−85.1 °C (187.9 K)
Acidity (pKa)	−4
Structure
Molecular shape	linear
Dipole moment	1.05 D
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
NFPA 704
R-phrases	R23, R35
S-phrases	S1/2, S9, S26, S36/37/39, S45
Flash point	non-flammable
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Related compounds
Other anions	Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen iodide
Related compounds	Hydrochloric acid
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Hydrogen chloride, also known under the name HCl, is a highly corrosive and toxic colorless gas that forms white fumes on contact with humidity. These fumes consist of hydrochloric acid which forms when hydrogen chloride dissolves in water. Hydrogen chloride gas as well as hydrochloric acid are important chemicals in chemistry, science, technology, and industry. The name HCl often refers somewhat misleadingly to hydrochloric acid instead of the gaseous hydrogen chloride. Van der Waals radius space filling model of Hydrogen chloride. ... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... A substance is soluble in a fluid if it dissolves in that fluid. ... Water has the chemical formula H2O, meaning that one molecule of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change its state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid. ... In chemistry and biochemistry, acid dissociation constant, the acidity constant, or the acid-ionization constant (Ka) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that indicates the extent of dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid. ... four sp³ orbitals three sp² orbitals In chemistry, hybridisation is the mixing of atomic orbitals belonging to a same electron shell to form new orbitals suitable for the qualitative description of atomic bonding properties. ... The Earths magnetic field, which is approximately a dipole. ... The debye (symbol: D) is a non-SI and non-CGS unit of electrical dipole moment. ... A material safety data sheet or MSDS is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into [[::Hydrogen chloride|Hydrogen chloride]]. ([[: talk:Hydrogen chloride|Discuss]]) [[Category:Articles to be merged|Hydrogen chloride (data page) (into Hydrogen chloride)]] Hydrogen chloride gas ... NFPA 704 is a standard maintained by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... R-phrases are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous substances and preparations. ... S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. ... The flash point of a fuel is the lowest temperature at which it can form an ignitable mix with air. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into [[::Hydrogen chloride|Hydrogen chloride]]. ([[: talk:Hydrogen chloride|Discuss]]) [[Category:Articles to be merged|Hydrogen chloride (data page) (into Hydrogen chloride)]] Hydrogen chloride gas ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into [[::Hydrogen chloride|Hydrogen chloride]]. ([[: talk:Hydrogen chloride|Discuss]]) [[Category:Articles to be merged|Hydrogen chloride (data page) (into Hydrogen chloride)]] Hydrogen chloride gas ... The refractive index of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of electromagnetic radiation is slowed relative to vacuum. ... The dielectric constant εr (represented as or K in some cases) is defined as the ratio: where εs is the static permittivity of the material in question, and ε0 is the vacuum permittivity. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into [[::Hydrogen chloride|Hydrogen chloride]]. ([[: talk:Hydrogen chloride|Discuss]]) [[Category:Articles to be merged|Hydrogen chloride (data page) (into Hydrogen chloride)]] Hydrogen chloride gas ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into [[::Hydrogen chloride|Hydrogen chloride]]. ([[: talk:Hydrogen chloride|Discuss]]) [[Category:Articles to be merged|Hydrogen chloride (data page) (into Hydrogen chloride)]] Hydrogen chloride gas ... Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy or Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry (UV/ VIS) involves the spectroscopy of photons (spectrophotometry). ... IR spectrum of a thin film of liquid ethanol. ... Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy most commonly known as NMR Spectroscopy is the name given to the technique which exploits the magnetic properties of nuclei. ... Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique to measure the mass-to-charge ratio (m/q) of ions. ... // An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a net electric charge. ... Hydrofluoric acid is a highly corrosive solution of the chemical compound hydrogen fluoride in water. ... Flash point Non flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Hydrogen iodide is a compound of hydrogen and iodine. ... The chemical substance hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. ... In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals) and 25 degrees Celsius (298. ... Corrosion is the destructive reaction of a metal with another material, e. ... Toxic redirects here, but this is also the name of a song by Britney Spears; see Toxic (song) Look up toxic and toxicity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A gas is one of the four main phases of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma), that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures. ... Humidity is the concentration of water vapor in the air. ... The chemical substance hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. ... Dissolving table salt in water In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of one or more substances known as solutes that are dissolved in another substance known as a solvent. ... Water has the chemical formula H2O, meaning that one molecule of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. ... A chemical substance is any material substance used in or obtained by a process in chemistry: A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more chemical elements that are chemically combined in fixed proportions. ... Chemistry (derived from the Arabic word kimia, alchemy, where al is Arabic for the) is the science that deals with the properties of organic and inorganic substances and their interactions with other organic and inorganic substances. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Science For the scientific journal named Science, see Science (journal). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Chemistry

The hydrogen chloride molecule HCl is a simple diatomic molecule consisting of a hydrogen atom H and a chlorine atom Cl connected with a covalent single bond. Since the chlorine atom is much more electronegative than the hydrogen atom, the covalent bond between the atoms is quite polar. Since the overall molecule has a large dipole moment with a negative partial charge δ^- at the chlorine atom and a positive partial charge δ⁺ at the hydrogen atom, diatomic hydrogen chloride has a highly polar molecule. Therefore, it is very soluble in water (and in other polar solvents). In general, a molecule is the smallest particle of a pure chemical substance that still retains its composition and chemical properties. ... Diatomic molecules are molecules formed of exactly two atoms, of the same or different chemical elements. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... Properties In chemistry and physics, an atom (Greek άτομον meaning indivisible) is the smallest possible particle of a chemical element that retains its chemical properties. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ... Covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon in a molecule of methane. ... Covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon in a molecule of methane. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with electronegativity. ... This article is about the electromagnetic phenomenon. ... A partial charge is a charge with an absolute value of less than one elementary charge unit. ... A commonly-used example of a polar compound is water (H2O). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ... A girl in a swimming pool full of water Water (from the Old English word waeter; c. ... A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution. ...

Upon contact with water, it immediately ionizes, forming hydronium cations H₃O⁺ and chloride anions Cl^- through a reversible chemical reaction with the water: ... In chemistry, hydronium is the common name for the cation H3O+. // Nomenclature According to IUPAC ion nomenclature, it should be referred to as oxonium. ... A cation is an ion with positive charge. ... The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form the anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and are also called chlorides. ... An anion is an ion with negative charge. ... A chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of chemical substances [1]. The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants. ...

HCl + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻

The resulting solution is called hydrochloric acid and is a strong acid. The acid dissociation or ionization constant, K_a, is very large, which means HCl dissociates or ionizes practically completely in water. A strong acid is an acid which is stronger than the hydronium ion. ... In chemistry and biochemistry, acid dissociation constant, the acidity constant, or the acid-ionization constant (Ka) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that indicates the extent of dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid. ...

Even in the absence of water, hydrogen chloride can still act as an acid. For example, hydrogen chloride can dissolve in certain other solvents such as methanol, and protonate molecules or ions and act as an acid-catalyst for chemical reactions where anhydrous (water-free) conditions are desired. Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3OH. It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colourless, flammable, poisonous liquid with a very faint odor. ... Protonation is the addition of a proton (H+) to an atom, molecule, or ion. ... A catalyst (Greek: καταλύτης, catalytēs) is a substance that accelerates the rate (speed) of a chemical reaction (see also catalysis). ...

HCl + CH₃OH → CH₃O⁺H₂ + Cl⁻

HCl protonating a methanol (CH₃OH) molecule

Because of its acidic nature, hydrogen chloride is a corrosive gas, particularly in the presence of any moisture. Corrosion is the destructive reaction of a metal with another material, e. ...

Hydrochloric acid fumes turning pH paper red showing that the fumes are acidic

Open beaker of hydrochloric acid, with damp pH paper above turning red This image has been released into the public domain by its creator and original copyright holder. ... Open beaker of hydrochloric acid, with damp pH paper above turning red This image has been released into the public domain by its creator and original copyright holder. ...

Health effects

Hydrogen chloride forms corrosive hydrochloric acid on contact with body tissue. Inhalation of the fumes can cause coughing, choking, inflammation of the nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract, and in severe cases, pulmonary edema, circulatory system failure, and death. Skin contact can cause redness, pain, and severe skin burns. Hydrogen chloride may cause severe burns to the eye and permanent eye damage. Choking is the obstruction of the flow of air into a persons lungs by a foreign object, commonly food. ... Inflammation is the first response of the immune system to infection or irritation and may be referred to as the innate cascade. ... Human nose in profile The Nose is a story by Gogol and an opera by Dmitri Shostakovich. ... Anatomy In anatomy, the throat is the part of the neck anterior to the vertebral column. ... In humans the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy that has to do with the process of respiration or breathing. ... Pulmonary edema is swelling and/or fluid accumulation in the lungs. ... A circulatory system (sometimes cardiovascular system) is an organ system that moves substances to and from cells; it can also help stabilize body temperature and pH (part of homeostasis). ... Death is the cessation of physical life in a living organism, or the state of the organism after that event. ... Diagram of the layers of human skin In zootomy and dermatology, skin is an organ of the integumentary system composed of a layer of tissues that protect underlying muscles and organs. ... Pain is an unpleasant sensation which may be associated with actual or potential tissue damage and which may have physical and emotional components. ... It has been suggested that Cold burn be merged into this article or section. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

History

Alchemists recognized since the Middle Ages that hydrochloric acid (then known as spirit of salt or acidum salis) gave off hydrogen chloride as a vapor which was called marine acid air. For other uses, see Alchemy (disambiguation). ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

In the 17th century Johann Rudolf Glauber used salt (sodium chloride) and sulfuric acid for the preparation of sodium sulfate, releasing hydrogen chloride gas. Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604 - March 10, 1670), a German-Dutch alchemist and chemist. ... Flash point Non-flammable R/S statement R: none S: none RTECS number VZ4725000 Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Sulfuric acid (British English: sulphuric acid), H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ... Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ...

2NaCl + H₂SO₄ → 2HCl + Na₂SO₄

In 1772, Carl Wilhelm Scheele also ran this reaction and is sometimes credited with its discovery. Joseph Priestley prepared pure hydrogen chloride in 1772, and in 1818 Humphry Davy proved it was chemically composed of hydrogen and chlorine. 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Carl Wilhelm Scheele Scheeles house with his pharmacy in Köping. ... Joseph Priestley is often credited for the discovery of oxygen. ... 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1818 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Sir Humphry Davy. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ...

During the Industrial Revolution, demand for alkaline substances such as soda ash increased, and Nicolas Leblanc developed a new industrial-scale process for producing the soda ash. In the Leblanc process, salt was converted to soda ash, using sulfuric acid, limestone, and coal, giving hydrogen chloride as by-product. Initially, this gas was vented to air, but the Alkali Act of 1863 prohibited such release, so then soda ash producers absorbed the HCl waste gas in water, producing hydrochloric acid on an industrial scale. Later, the Hargreaves process was developed, which is similar to the Leblanc process except sulfur dioxide, water, and air are used instead of sulfuric acid in a reaction which is exothermic overall. In the early 20th century the Leblanc process was effectively replaced by the Solvay process, which did not produce HCl. However, hydrogen chloride production continued as a step in hydrochloric acid production. A Watt steam engine in Madrid. ... The common (Arrhenius) definition of a base is a chemical compound that either donates hydroxide ions or absorbs hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. ... Sodium carbonate or soda ash, Na2CO3, is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. ... Nicolas Leblanc (December 6, 1742 – January 16, 1806) was a French chemist and surgeon who discovered how to manufacture soda from common salt. ... The Leblanc process was the industrial process for the production of soda ash (sodium carbonate) used throughout the 19th century. ... Under the British Alkali Act 1863, an Alkali Inspector and four sub-inspectors were appointed to curb the discharge into the air of hydrochloric gas from chlor-alkali works. ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... Sulfur dioxide (or Sulphur dioxide) has the chemical formula SO2. ... Chemistry The Solvay process calcium carbonate: CaCO3 → CO2 + CaO The solid sodium bicarbonate is then filtered out and converted to sodium carbonate by heating it, recovering some carbon dioxide in the process: 2 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 Meanwhile, ammonia is recovered from the ammonium chloride byproduct by treating the ammonium...

Historical uses of hydrogen chloride in the 20th century include hydrochlorinations of alkynes in producing the chlorinated monomers chloroprene and vinyl chloride, which are subsequently polymerized to make polychloroprene (Neoprene) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), respectively. In the production of vinyl chloride, acetylene (C₂H₂) is hydrochlorinated by adding the HCl across the triple bond of the C₂H₂ molecule, turning the triple into a double bond, yielding vinyl chloride. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Alkynes are hydrocarbons that have at least one triple bond between carbon atoms. ... In chemistry, a monomer (from Greek mono one and meros part) is a small molecule that may become chemically bonded to other monomers to form a polymer. ... Chemical Structure of Chloroprene Chloroprene is the common name for the organic compound 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, which has the chemical formula C4H5Cl. ... Vinyl chloride, also known as chloroethene in IUPAC nomenclature, is an important industrial chemical chiefly used to produce its polymer, polyvinyl chloride (PVC). ... Polymer is a generic term used to describe a very long molecule consisting of structural units and repeating units connected by covalent chemical bonds. ... Neoprene is the trade name for a family of synthetic rubbers based on polychloroprene. ... Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a widely-used plastic. ... The chemical compound and unsaturated hydrocarbon acetylene, also known under IUPAC nomenclature (see IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry) as ethyne, was discovered in 1836 by Edmund Davy, in England. ... Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding characterized by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms, in order to produce a mutual attraction, which holds the resultant molecule together. ... Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding characterized by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms, in order to produce a mutual attraction, which holds the resultant molecule together. ...

The "acetylene process", used until the 1960s for making chloroprene, starts out by joining two acetylene molecules, and then adds HCl to the joined intermediate across the triple bond to convert it to chloroprene as shown here: The chemical compound and unsaturated hydrocarbon acetylene, also known under IUPAC nomenclature (see IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry) as ethyne, was discovered in 1836 by Edmund Davy, in England. ... Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding characterized by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms, in order to produce a mutual attraction, which holds the resultant molecule together. ...

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

This "acetylene process" has been replaced by a process which adds Cl₂ to one of the double bonds in 1,3-butadiene instead, and subsequent elimination produces HCl instead, as well as chloroprene. General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ... Butadiene can refer to either one of two hydrocarbon chemical compounds which are alkenes that are isomers of each other. ... Chemical Structure of Chloroprene Chloroprene is the common name for the organic compound 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, which has the chemical formula C4H5Cl. ...

Production

Most hydrogen chloride produced on an industrial scale is used for hydrochloric acid production. The method of hydrogen chloride production from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid is also used on an industrial scale.

A common way to produce hydrogen chloride in the chlor-alkali industry, is using an HCl oven, where hydrogen and chlorine gases combine in an exothermic reaction to give hydrogen chloride gas. The chloralkali process is a redox reaction, an electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride: 2 NaCl(aq) + 2 H2O(l) —→ 2 NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e- 2 H+ + 2 e- —→ H2(g) The process is primarily used to produce chlorine, but one of its byproducts... Exothermic has several meanings, including: In biology, an exothermic or poikilothermic animal is one that requires external sources of heat (usually sunlight) to maintain its internal temperature: for example, reptiles. ...

Cl₂ + H₂ → 2HCl

This reaction can be used to give a very pure product for the food industry.

Hydrogen chloride can also be produced from chlorine and other hydrogen-containing compounds, such as hydrocarbons. Chlorination of organic compounds may lead to HCl production as follows:

R–H + Cl₂ → R–Cl + HCl

Further reaction of the chlorinated compounds with hydrogen fluoride can give fluorinated compounds and HCl as a product.

R–Cl + HF → R–F + HCl

When the reactions are run under anhydrous conditions, HCl gas is produced. The organic end products include halogenated polymers and chlorofluorocarbons. Polymer is a generic term used to describe a very long molecule consisting of structural units and repeating units connected by covalent chemical bonds. ... For other uses, see CFC (disambiguation). ...

Synthesis

One way hydrogen chloride gas can be formed is by gradually adding water (or acid) to an excess of certain reactive chloride compounds such as phosphorus chlorides, thionyl chloride (SOCl₂), or acyl chlorides. Adding more water would absorb the HCl gas forming hydrochloric acid. For example, cold water can be gradually dripped onto phosphorus pentachloride (PCl₅) to give HCl in this reaction:^[4] Phosphorus Trichloride Phosphorus Pentachloride Phosphorus Oxychloride[1] Phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) and phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) are reactive chemicals used as chlorinating reagents in a chemical laboratory. ... R-phrases , , , S-phrases , , , Flash point non flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... General Chemical Structure of an Acyl Chloride In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an organic compound which is a reactive derivative of a carboxylic acid. ... Phosphorus Trichloride Phosphorus Pentachloride Phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) and phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) are reactive chemicals used as chlorinating reagents in a chemical laboratory. ...

PCl₅ + H₂O → POCl₃ + 2HCl

Hot water could liberate more HCl by hydrolyzing PCl₅ all the way to ortho-phosphoric acid.^[4] Reaction of water with phosphorus trichloride (PCl₃) also yields HCl.^[4] R-phrases S-phrases , , Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Phosphorus trichloride (formula PCl3) is the most important of the three phosphorus chlorides. ...

Reaction of thionyl chloride with water would give sulfur dioxide (SO₂) gas as well as HCl. For the reactions of thionyl chloride or acyl chlorides with water, see thionyl chloride or acyl halide. R-phrases , , , S-phrases , , , Flash point non flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... An acyl halide (also known as an acid halide) is an organic compound containing a carbon atom which is double_bonded to an oxygen atom and singly bonded to a chlorine atom. ...

Another way to synthesize HCl gas is to use the following HCl generator.

HCl generator

Small amounts of HCl gas for laboratory use can be generated in a HCl generator using different methods:

• liberation from concentrated hydrochloric acid using concentrated sulfuric acid.
• liberation from concentrated hydrochloric acid using dry calcium chloride.
• by reaction of sulfuric acid with sodium chloride: NaCl + H₂SO₄ → NaHSO₄ + HCl↑

Typically, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid is added dropwise from a dropping funnel into a flask containing the reagent or drying agent under magnetic stirring. The HCl gas can by dried by bubbling through concentrated sulfuric acid. Washing bottles are needed to prevent the suction of solutions into the apparatus. Sulfuric acid (British English: sulphuric acid), H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ... R-phrases S-phrases , , RTECS number EV9800000, anhydrous EV9810000, dihydrate EV9830000, hexahydrate Supplementary data page Structure & properties n, εr, etc. ... A typical kitchen funnel. ...

Applications

These are some of the uses for hydrogen chloride gas:

• Most hydrogen chloride is used in the production of hydrochloric acid.
• hydrochlorination of rubber
• production of vinyl and alkyl chlorides
• chemical intermediate in other chemical production
• use as babbitting flux
• treatment of cotton
  • delinting
  • separation from wool
• used in semiconductor industry (in pure grade)
  • etching semiconductor crystals
  • converting silicon to SiHCl₃ for purification of silicon

Hydrogen chloride usually comes in compressed gas cylinders that are either red and brown or grey with a yellow band. Industrial compressed gas cylinders used for oxy-fuel welding and cutting of steel. ...

See also

• Dutch article on infrared spectrum of HCl: Infraroodspectrum van zoutzuur
• Chloride, inorganic salts of hydrochloric acid
• Hydrochloride, organic salts of hydrochloric acid

The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form the anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and are also called chlorides. ... In chemistry, hydrochlorides are salts resulting, or regarded as resulting from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (mostly amine). ...

External links

• International Chemical Safety Card 0163
• European Chemicals Bureau
• Chemical and laboratory data
• MSDS safety data
• Chemical data
• Hydrogen Chloride
• Computational Chemistry Wiki