? Hymenaea protera Conservation status: Fossil
H. protera flower petal preserved in an amber
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae Tribe: Detarieae Genus: Hymenaea L. Species: H. protera
Binomial name
Hymenaea protera Poinar

Hymenaea protera is an extinct prehistoric leguminous tree, the probable ancestor of present-day Hymenaea species. Most neotropical ambers come from its fossilized resin, including the famous Dominican amber. Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Divisions Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum (a fern... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms) are a major group of land plants. ... Orders see text Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed typically contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ... Families Fabaceae (legumes) Quillajaceae Polygalaceae (milkwort family) Surianaceae The Fabales are an order of flowering plants, included in the rosid group of dicotyledons. ... Subfamilies Faboideae Caesalpinioideae Mimosoideae References GRIN-CA 2002-09-01 The name Fabaceae belongs to either of two families, depending on viewpoint. ... Genera Acrocarpus Arapatiella Arcoa Balsamocarpon Batesia Burkea Bussea Caesalpinia Campsiandra Cenostigma Cercidium Chidlowia Colvillea Conzattia Cordeauxia Delonix Dimorphandra Diptychandra Erythrophleum Gleditsia Gymnocladus Haematoxylum Hoffmannseggia Jacqueshuberia Lemuropisum Lophocarpinia Melanoxylum Moldenhawera Mora Moullava Orphanodendron Pachyelasma Parkinsonia Peltophorum Poeppigia Pomaria Pterogyne Pterolobium Recordoxylon Schizolobium Sclerolobium Stachyothyrsus Stahlia Stenodrepanum Stuhlmannia Sympetalandra Tachigali Tetrapterocarpon Vouacapoua... Species Hymenaea aurea Hymenaea courbaril Hymenaea eriogyne Hymenaea intermedia Hymenaea maranhensis Hymenaea martiana Hymenaea mexicana (extinct) Hymenaea oblongifolia Hymenaea parvifolia Hymenaea protera (extinct) Hymenaea reticulata Hymenaea rubriflora Hymenaea stigonocarpa Hymenaea torrei Hymenaea velutina Hymenaea verrucosa Hymenaea L. is a genus in the family Fabaceae (legume family) of fourteen living plant... Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné ▶(?), and in English usually under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ... In biology, binomial nomenclature is a standard convention used for naming species. ... George O. Poinar, Jr. ... Prehistoric plants are various groups of plants that lived before recorded history (before about 3500 BC). ... Varieties of soybean seeds, a popular legume A flowering legume The term legume has two closely related meanings in botany, a situation encountered with many botanical common names of useful plants whereby an applied name can refer to either the plant itself, or to the edible fruit (or useful part). ... Species Hymenaea aurea Hymenaea courbaril Hymenaea eriogyne Hymenaea intermedia Hymenaea maranhensis Hymenaea martiana Hymenaea mexicana (extinct) Hymenaea oblongifolia Hymenaea parvifolia Hymenaea protera (extinct) Hymenaea reticulata Hymenaea rubriflora Hymenaea stigonocarpa Hymenaea torrei Hymenaea velutina Hymenaea verrucosa Hymenaea L. is a genus in the family Fabaceae (legume family) of fourteen living plant... Neotropical or Neotropic relates to a biogeographical region in the New World, bordered in the north by the dry areas in Mexico and the southern states of the USA. in the south by southern Patagonia. ... Amber pendants. ... A fossil Ammonite Fossils are the mineralized remains of animals or plants or other traces such as footprints. ... Insect trapped in resin. ... Dominican Amber differentiates itself from Baltic amber by the fact that it is nearly always transparent and has the highest amount of fossil enclosures. ...

H. protera once grew in an extensive range stretching from southern Mexico down to the Proto-greater Antilles, across northern South America, and on to the African continent. Interestingly, both morphology and DNA studies have revealed that H. protera was more closely related to the only species of Hymenaea remaining in East Africa than to the more numerous American species. The Antilles now generally refers to the islands of the Caribbean or West Indies, except the Bahamas. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... Morphology is the following: In linguistics, morphology is the study of the structure of word forms. ... Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and most viruses). ... East Africa is a region generally considered to include: Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Somalia Tanzania Uganda Burundi, Rwanda, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, and Sudan are sometimes considered a part of East Africa. ...

In 1993, chloroplast DNA dated at 35-40 million years old was extracted from the leaf of H. protera, preserved in a fossil amber from the La Toca mines, Dominican Republic. The inside of a chloroplast Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae which conduct photosynthesis. ... Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and most viruses). ... Amber pendants. ...

References

• Briggs, Dered E. G. & Crowther, Peter R. (Eds.). (2003). Palaeobiology II. Blackwell Science. ISBN 0632051493.
• Willis, K. J. & McElwain, J. C. (2002). The Evolution of Plants. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198500653.