| Hymenoptera |
| | Scientific classification | | | | Suborders | | Apocrita
Symphyta Hymenopter on a Umbelliferae (Daucus carota (LINN.)) (notice the pollen on the legs) France. ...
Species Andrena miserabilis Cresson, 1872 Andrena is the largest genus in the family Andrenidae, and is nearly worldwide in distribution, with the notable exception of Oceania. ...
For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ...
Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders,scorpions, etc. ...
Orders Subclass Apterygota Archaeognatha (bristletails) Thysanura (silverfish) Subclass Pterygota Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Superorder Exopterygota Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Blattodea (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Psocoptera...
Orders Palaeodictyoptera - extinct Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Blattodea (cockroaches) Mantodea (mantids) Isoptera (termites) Zoraptera Grylloblattodea (rock crawlers) Dermaptera (earwigs) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids) Phasmatodea (walking sticks, timemas) Embioptera (webspinners) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Superorder Hemipterodea Psocoptera (booklice, barklice) Phthiraptera (lice) Hemiptera (true bugs) Thysanoptera (thrips) Superorder...
Orders Blattodea (cockroaches) Mantodea (mantids) Isoptera (termites) Zoraptera Grylloblattodea Dermaptera (earwigs) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids) Phasmatodea (walking sticks, timemas) Embioptera (webspinners) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Superorder Hemipterodea Psocoptera (booklice, barklice) Phthiraptera (lice) Hemiptera (true bugs) Thysanoptera (thrips) Superorder Endopterygota Miomoptera - extinct Megaloptera (alderflies, etc. ...
Orders Coleoptera (beetles) Diptera (flies and relatives) Hymenoptera (wasps and relatives) Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) Mecoptera Megaloptera Miomoptera (extinct) Neuroptera Raphidioptera (snakeflies) Siphonaptera (fleas) Strepsiptera Trichoptera (caddisflies) The Endopterygota, also known as Holometabola, are insects of the subclass Pterygota which go through distinctive larval, pupal, and adult stages. ...
Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as , (May 13, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ...
Cover of the tenth edition of Linnaeuss Systema Naturae (1758). ...
Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ...
Superfamilies Apoidea Ceraphronoidea Chalcidoidea Chrysidoidea Cynipoidea Evanioidea Ichneumonoidea Megalyroidea Proctotrupoidea Sphecoidea Stephanoidea Triganalyoidea Vespoidea Many families, see article Apocrita is a suborder of insects in the order Hymenoptera. ...
Families (Cephoidea) Cephidae-stem sawflies (Megalodontoidea) Megalodontidae Pamphilidae-leaf-rolling & web-spinning sawflies (Orussoidea) Orussidae-parasitic wood wasps (Siricoidea) Siricidae- horntails (Tenthredinoidea) Argidae-argid sawflies Blasticotomidae Cimbicidae-cimbicid sawflies Diprionidae-conifer sawflies Pergidae-pergid sawflies Tenthredinidae-common sawflies (Xyeloidea) Anaxyelidae-cedar sawflies Xyelidae-xyelid sawflies Xiphydriidae-wood wasps Symphyta is...
| Hymenoptera is one of the larger orders of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. The name refers to the membranous wings of the insects, and is derived from the Ancient Greek ὑμήν (humẽn): membrane and πτερόν (pteron): wing. The hindwings are connected to the forewings by a series of hooks called hamuli. In scientific classification used in biology, the order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). ...
Orders Subclass Apterygota Archaeognatha (bristletails) Thysanura (silverfish) Subclass Pterygota Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Superorder Exopterygota Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Blattodea (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Psocoptera...
Superfamilies and families Superfamily Cephoidea Family Cephidae (stem sawflies) Superfamily Megalodontoidea Family Megalodontesidae Family Pamphiliidae (leaf-rolling & web-spinning sawflies) Superfamily Orussoidea Family Orussidae (parasitic wood wasps) Superfamily Siricoidea Family Anaxyelidae (cedar wood wasps) Family Siricidae (horntails) Superfamily Tenthredinoidea Family Argidae (argid sawflies) Family Blasticotomidae (fern sawflies) Family Cimbicidae (cimbicid...
For other uses, see Wasp (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Western honey bee and Bee (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Ant (disambiguation). ...
The Greek language (Greek Ελληνικά, IPA // – Hellenic) is an Indo-European language with a documented history of some 3,000 years. ...
Wing structure of a dragonfly (family Gomphidae) Insect wings are outgrowths of the insect exoskeleton that enable insects to fly. ...
Wing structure of a dragonfly (family Gomphidae) Insect wings are outgrowths of the insect exoskeleton that enable insects to fly. ...
Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or otherwise inaccessible places. The ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through complete metamorphosis — that is, they have a worm-like larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they mature. (See holometabolism.) This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
It has been suggested that sting (biology) be merged into this article or section. ...
A Pieris rapae larva An older Pieris rapae larva A Pieris rapae pupa A Pieris rapae adult Metamorphosis is a process in biology by which an individual physically develops after birth or hatching, and involves significant change in form as well as growth and differentiation. ...
Holometabolism, also called complete metamorphism, is a term applied to insect groups to describe the specific kind of insect development which includes four life stages - as an embryo, a larva, a pupa and an imago. ...
Evolution
Hymenoptera originated in the Triassic, the oldest fossils belonging to the family Xyelidae. Social hymenopterans appeared during the Cretaceous. The evolution of this group has been intensively studied by A. Rasnitsyn, M. S. Engel, G. Dlussky, and others. Hymenoptera are considered the most evolutionarily advanced insect order due to their advanced social nature and high learning capacity. The Triassic is a geologic period that extends from about 251 ± 0. ...
Genera see text The Xyelidae is a small family of sawflies known from fewer than 50 extant species in 5 genera, but with an extensive fossil record; they are the oldest fossil Hymenoptera, dating back to the Triassic, some 200 million years ago. ...
// The Cretaceous Period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic Period (i. ...
Alexandr (Alex) Rasnitsyn One of world leading experts in palaeoentomology. ...
Michael S. Engel (born 24 September 1971 in Creve Coeur, Missouri) is a paleontologist and entomologist. ...
Sex determination -
Main article: Haplo-diploid sex-determination system Among the hymenopterans, sex is determined by the number of chromosomes an individual possesses. Fertilized eggs get two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent's respective gametes), and so develop into diploid females, while unfertilized eggs only contain one set (from the mother), and so develop into haploid males; the act of fertilization is under the voluntary control of the egg-laying female. This phenomenon is called haplodiploidy. Note, however, that the actual genetic mechanisms of haplodiploid sex determination may be more complex than simple chromosome number. In many Hymenoptera, sex is actually determined by a single gene locus with many alleles. In these species, haploids are male and diploids heterozygous at the sex locus are female, but occasionally a diploid will be homozygous at the sex locus and develop as a male instead. This is especially likely to occur in an individual whose parents were siblings or other close relatives. Diploid males are known to be produced by inbreeding in many ant, bee and wasp species. The Haplo-diploid sex-determination system is a system that most species of bees and ants use to determine the sex of their offspring. ...
A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism. ...
Figure 1: A representation of a condensed eukaryotic chromosome, as seen during cell division. ...
A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετης; translated gamete = wife, gametes = husband) is a cell that fuses with another gamete during fertilization (conception) in organisms that reproduce sexually. ...
Diploid (meaning double in Greek) cells have two copies (homologs) of each chromosome (both sex- and non-sex determining chromosomes), usually one from the mother and one from the father. ...
Haploid (meaning simple in Greek) cells have only one copy of each chromosome. ...
A haplodiploid species is one in which one of the sexes has haploid cells (cells containing one copy of each chromosome) and the other has diploid cells (cells containing two copies of each chromosome). ...
One consequence of haplodiploidy is that females on average actually have more genes in common with their sisters than they do with their own daughters. Because of this, cooperation among kindred females may be unusually advantageous, and has been hypothesized to contribute to the multiple origins of eusociality within this order. Meat Eater ant colony swarming Fire ants Eusociality is the phenomenon of reproductive specialization found in some animals. ...
Classification
Symphyta The suborder Symphyta includes the sawflies, horntails, and parasitic wood wasps. The group appears to be paraphyletic, as it is often believed that the family Orussidae may be the group from which the Apocrita arose. They have an unconstricted junction between the thorax and abdomen, and the larvae of free-living forms are herbivorous, have legs, prolegs (on every segment, unlike Lepidoptera), and ocelli. Families (Cephoidea) Cephidae-stem sawflies (Megalodontoidea) Megalodontidae Pamphilidae-leaf-rolling & web-spinning sawflies (Orussoidea) Orussidae-parasitic wood wasps (Siricoidea) Siricidae- horntails (Tenthredinoidea) Argidae-argid sawflies Blasticotomidae Cimbicidae-cimbicid sawflies Diprionidae-conifer sawflies Pergidae-pergid sawflies Tenthredinidae-common sawflies (Xyeloidea) Anaxyelidae-cedar sawflies Xyelidae-xyelid sawflies Xiphydriidae-wood wasps Symphyta is...
(SUPERFAMILY) Families (Cephoidea) Cephidae-stem sawflies (Megalodontoidea) Megalodontidae Pamphilidae-leaf-rolling & web-spinning sawflies (Orussoidea) Orussidae-parasitic wood wasps (Siricoidea) Siricidae- horntails (Tenthredinoidea) Argidae-argid sawflies Blasticotomidae Cimbicidae-cimbicid sawflies Diprionidae-conifer sawflies Pergidae-pergid sawflies Tenthredinidae-common sawflies (Xyeloidea) Anaxyelidae-cedar sawflies Xyelidae-xyelid sawflies Xiphydriidae-wood wasps Ref. ...
Genera and Species about 60 species Horntail or wood wasp is the common name for any of the 60 non-social species of the family Siricidae, of the order Hymenoptera, closely related to the sawfly. ...
Genera and species about 70 species in 16 genera The family Orussidae (the sole living member of the superfamily Orussoidea) is the only Symphytan group which is parasitic, thus giving them the common name parasitic wood wasps. ...
Paraphyletic - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
Genera and species about 70 species in 16 genera The family Orussidae (the sole living member of the superfamily Orussoidea) is the only Symphytan group which is parasitic, thus giving them the common name parasitic wood wasps. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
The order Lepidoptera is the second most speciose order in the class Insecta and includes the butterflies, moths and skippers. ...
Ocelli is one of the types of photoreceptor organs in animals. ...
Apocrita The wasps, bees, and ants together make up the suborder Apocrita, characterized by a constriction between the first and second abdominal segments called a wasp-waist (petiole), also involving the fusion of the first abdominal segment to the thorax. Also, the larvae of all Apocrita do not have legs, prolegs, or ocelli. Superfamilies Apoidea Ceraphronoidea Chalcidoidea Chrysidoidea Cynipoidea Evanioidea Ichneumonoidea Megalyroidea Proctotrupoidea Sphecoidea Stephanoidea Triganalyoidea Vespoidea Many families, see article Apocrita is a suborder of insects in the order Hymenoptera. ...
The petiole of this ant consists of two segments In entomology, the term petiole is most commonly used to refer to the constricted first (and sometimes second) metasomal segment of members of the Hymenopteran suborder Apocrita; it may be used to refer to other insects with similar body shapes, where...
Diagram of a tsetse fly, showing the head, thorax and abdomen The thorax is a division of an animals body that lies between the head and the abdomen. ...
References David Grimaldi (entomologist) (born September 22, 1957) is an entomologist and Curator of Invertebrate Zoology at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. ...
Michael S. Engel (born 24 September 1971 in Creve Coeur, Missouri) is a paleontologist and entomologist. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The headquarters of the Cambridge University Press, in Trumpington Street, Cambridge. ...
Alexandr (Alex) Rasnitsyn One of world leading experts in palaeoentomology. ...
Also see: 2002 (number). ...
A Dutch STM publishing company now known as Springer. ...
See also Anaphylaxis is an acute systemic (multi-system) and severe Type I Hypersensitivity allergic reaction in humans and other mammals. ...
Sydney Skaife Sydney Skaife Sydney Harold Skaife (Stacey) D.Sc FRSSAf. ...
External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hymenoptera - General
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