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The Hymn of the Russian Federation (Russian: Государственный гимн Российской Федерации, Gimn Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is the national anthem of Russia. The anthem is composed by Alexander Alexandrov and its' lyrics were written by Sergey Mikhalkov. It constitutes a reintroduction of the music of the Soviet anthem but with revised lyrics. It was adopted in late 2000 with the approval of President Vladimir Putin and replaced the former anthem, The Patriotic Song adopted in 1991. The first public broadcast of the new anthem occurred at midnight on January 1, 2001. During the course of the adoption, and afterwards, there has been concerns raised by liberal groups that the adoption of the anthem is bringing Russia back to its Soviet-era roots.^[1] Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is formally recognized by a countrys government as their official national song. ... Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov (Александр Васильевич Александров) (1883-1946) was a Russian composer who created the musical score to the national anthem of both the Soviet Union and, when it was restored with new lyrics in 2001, the Russian Federation. ... Sergey Vladimirovich Mikhalkov (born March 13, 1913) is a Russian lyricist and author of childrens books who has had the opportunity to write his countrys national anthem on two different occasions. ... The National Anthem of the Soviet Union (or Hymn, Russian Гимн Советского Союза, Gimn Sovetskogo Soyuza) replaced the Internationale as the national anthem on March 15, 1944. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин, (help· info), Pútin; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician, and the current President of the Russian Federation. ... The Patriotic Song (Патриотическая Песня; Patrioticheskaya Pesnya) was the national anthem of Russia from 1991 to 2000. ... 1991 (MCMXCI in Roman) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ...

Adoption

Before the push in 2000 to debate the national anthem that is used by Russia, there has been movements to refine The Patriotic Song, the Russian anthem adopted in 1991 by then-president Boris Yeltsin after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Tha main flaw with the anthem, composed by Mikhail Glinka, is that it was wordless. Various attempts were made to compose lyrics for the anthem, yet even with the 1999 result of Be glorious, Russia (Славься, Россия! ("Slav'sja, Rossija!), written by Viktor Radugin, the anthem was still without official lyrics. The Patriotic Song (Патриотическая Песня; Patrioticheskaya Pesnya) was the national anthem of Russia from 1991 to 2000. ... Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Russian: Борис Николаевич Ельцин; (help· info)) (born February 1, 1931) was President of Russia from 1991 to 1999. ... The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ... Mikhail Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (Михаи́л Ива́нович Гли́нка) (June 1, 1804 – February 15, 1857) was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition inside his own country, and is often regarded as the father of Russian classical music. ...

Vladimir Putin

The anthem debate picked up serious momentum in October of 2000 when Yeltsin's successor Vladimir Putin made the comment that Russian athletes did not have lyrics to sing as they were winning gold medals at the 2000 Summer Olympic Games, which were held in Sydney, Australia.^[2] CNN also reported that players of the football club Spartak Moscow complained that the anthem lacking lyrics "affected their morale and performance." ^[1] Putin pressed for Alexandrov's anthem to be selected as the new Russian anthem, but strongly suggested that new lyrics were to be written. In December of 2000, the Duma voted 378-51 to adopt Alexandrov's anthem and the new lyrics, written by Mikhalkov. The anthem was first put into use on January 1, 2001 with a public performance in Moscow during the New Year's Day celebreation. Image File history File links Vladimir_Putin_31_01_2006. ... Image File history File links Vladimir_Putin_31_01_2006. ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин, (help· info), Pútin; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician, and the current President of the Russian Federation. ... Gold Medal is an album by American band The Donnas, released in 2004. ... The Games of the XXVII Olympiad or the Millennium Olympics were the Summer Olympic Games held in 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and with a population of over four million people is the most populous city in Australia. ... The Cable News Network, usually referred to as CNN, is a cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld [1] [2] (although the latter is not currently recognized in CNNs official history). ... Football (soccer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... FC Spartak Moscow (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Спартак» Москва) is considered to be one of the greatest football teams in Soviet and Russian history. ... The State Duma (Russian: Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), common abbreviation: Госдума (Gosduma)) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (legislature), the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. ...

The adoption was not universally accepted by everyone. Boris Yeltsin said that Putin should not have changed the anthem due to "blindly follow the mood of the people." The liberal political party Yabloko stated that the readoption of the Alexandrov anthem "deepend the schism in [the Russian] society." ^[3] The re-adoption of the Alexandrov anthem was supported by the Communist Party and by Putin himself. Current Yabloko logo Yabloko, or Yabloko Russian Democratic Party (Russian: Росси́йская Демократи́ческая Па́ртия Я́блоко; English transliteration: Rossiyskaya Demokraticheskaya Partiya Yabloko) is a Russian liberal... Communist Party supporters attend a May Day rally in Moscow The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации = КПРФ) is a Russian political party. ...

Music

Aleksandr Alexandrov

The music of the national anthem, created by Alexandrov, has been used in several hymns and compositions before its' use in the Russian anthem. The first time the music was used was in the Hymn of the Bolshevik Party, created in 1938. The music was chosen again as the Hymn of the Soviet Union in 1944 by Joseph Stalin, then the Soviet leader. However, even before it was chosen as the Bolshevik hymn, the music was written in 1936 in the song Zhit stalo luchche (Life has become better). Image File history File links Alexandr_Alexandrov_2. ... Image File history File links Alexandr_Alexandrov_2. ... Leaders of the Bolshevik Party and the Communist International, a painting by Malcolm McAllister on the Pathfinder Mural in New York City and on the cover of the book Lenin’s Final Fight published by Pathfinder. ... Hymn of the Soviet Union (Гимн Советского Союза, Gimn Sovetskogo Soyuza) was the national anthem of the Soviet Union. ... (help· info) (Russian, in full: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин (Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin), born Джугашвили (Dzhugashvili), Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი (Ioseb Jughashvili); (December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878 – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of...

During the debate to replace The Patriotic Song as the Russian anthem, it was discussed in the newspaper Lenta that the music Alexandrov created for the Soviet hymn was similar to the musical composition Bylina, an overture created by Vasily Kalinnikov in 1892. ^[4] Because of this comparison, it was used as one of the main points brought up in the December 2005 hot-tempered debates in the State Duma to change the anthem. ^[5] There is no evidence that Alexandrov borrowed or used parts of Bylina in his compositions either intentionally or coincidently. The Patriotic Song (Патриотическая Песня; Patrioticheskaya Pesnya) was the national anthem of Russia from 1991 to 2000. ... Lenta is a online newspaper from the Russia. ... Bylina (Russian: были́на, also Byliny and Stariny) is a traditional epic, heroic narrative poetry of early East Slavs of Kievan Rus, the tradition continued in Russia and Ukraine. ... Vasily Kalinnikov (January 13 (January 1, Old Style), 1866 – January 11, 1901) was a Russian composer of two symphonies, several additional orchestral works and numerous songs, all of them imbued with characteristics of folksong. ... The State Duma (Russian: Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), common abbreviation: Госдума (Gosduma)) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (legislature), the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. ...

Lyrics

Sergey Mikhalkov

Mikhalkov first became involved in the anthem when he was asked by Stalin to write lyrics for the new Soviet hymn. At age 29, he was tapped by Stalin due to his work in writing didactic and politically correct poetry for Russian children, especially his series of poems about a very tall person (uncle Styopa). While the music for the hymn was chosen already, it took the efforts of Mikhalkov and Georgian poet Gabriel El-Registan to compose lyrics to the song, which was completed in 1943. Adopted in 1944, the Soviet hymn did not change until 1953. Upon the death of Stalin, the lyrics composed by Mikhalov and El-Registan were discarded due to trying to remove Stalin from the Soviet Union (Destalinization). Mikhalkov was involved with writing the 1977 lyrics to the Soviet hymn, which replaced any mentions of Stalin and other tiny modifications. This was used until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Image File history File links Sergey_Mikhalkov_May_2005. ... The Didactic is facts based as opposed to the Dialectic which is feelings based. ... Poetry (ancient Greek: ποιεω (poieo) = I create) is traditionally a written art form (although there is also an ancient and modern poetry which relies mainly upon oral or pictorial representations) in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its notional and semantic content. ... Uncle Styopa (Uncle Steppa) was a series of poems composed by Russian childrens poet Sergey Mikhalkov. ... Gabriel El-Registan (1899 - 1945) was a Uzbek Soviet poet. ... De-Stalinization and the Khrushchev era For further details, see Nikita Khrushchev After Stalin had died in March 1953, he was succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and Georgi Malenkov as Premier of the Soviet Union. ... The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ...

In the 2000 events to re-adopt the anthem, Mikhalkov decided to pen new lyrics to Alexandrov's music at the request of the Kremlin and President Putin. Below is one section of the lyrics released by the Kremlin before the official adoption of the anthem, which made a reference to the other Russian symbols, the flag and arms: Kremlin may informally refer to Government of the Soviet Union Government of Russia This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Flag of the Russian Federation Romanov dynastic flag was used as the official national flag of the Russian Empire from 1858 to 1883. ... Coat of Arms of Russian Federation. ...

Its mighty wings spread above us
The Russian eagle is hovering high
The Fatherland’s tricolor symbol
Is leading Russia’s peoples to victory ^[6]

The lyrics were modified again before the official adoption in December of 2005; none of the lyrics have referred to the national symbols.

Regulations

When the anthem is played on TV, the Kremlin or the Russian flag is usually displayed

While it is the choice of the performer to execute the anthem using either only music, only words or a combination of both, it must be performed using the official lyrics and music provided in the law. The recording can then be used for any purpose, such as on the radio, television or in a live performance. Anyone can use a recording of the anthem for solemn or celebratory occasions, but the anthem must be played at certain events, such as the swearing-in of the President of Russia, opening and closing sessions of the Duma and the Federation Council, official state ceremonies and visits by heads of state to Russia. The anthem is also required to play on television and on the radio either before the start and closing or programing or at 2400 and 600 hours for those who have continuous programing. The anthem is also played at sporting events in and outside of Russia, but only according to protocol of the organization who is hosting the games. When the anthem is played, all head-gear must be removed and must face the Russian flag, if it is present. Those who are in uniform must give a salute when the anthem plays, though that is controlled by military regulations. Pieces of the national anthem can be used in other works, as long as permission has been granted by the Russian President. Those who perform the anthem in a way that cause offense and disrespect will be punished in accordance with the law.^[7] Image File history File linksMetadata Flag_of_Russia_January_1_2006. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Flag_of_Russia_January_1_2006. ... Kremlin (Кремль) is the Russian word for citadel or castle and refers to any major fortified central complex found in historical Russian cities. ... Flag of the Russian Federation Romanov dynastic flag was used as the official national flag of the Russian Empire from 1858 to 1883. ... Flag of the President of Russia The President of Russia (ru: Президент России) is the highest position within the Government of Russia. ... A Duma (Д́ума in Russian) is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history. ... Federation Council refers to one of the following: Federation Council of Russia—the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (the lower house is the State Duma). ...

Official lyrics

English translation

Russia — our sacred State,
Russia — our beloved country.
A mighty will, a great glory —
Is your legacy for all time!

Chorus
Be glorious, our free Fatherland,
Fraternal peoples, a union for the ages,
Common wisdom handed down by our forbears
Be glorious, our country! We pride ourselves in you.

From the southern seas to the arctic circle
our forests and fields spread before you
You are unique in the world, you are without compare
The land of my birth protected by God.

Chorus

Open spaces for dreams and for living
Are opened for us by the coming years
Our strength is given to us by faith in our Fatherland
Thus it was, so it is and always will be!

Chorus

Media

Vocal (2001) ( file info) 2001 recording by the Russian Government Instrumental ( file info) 2001 recording by the Russian Government Problems playing the files? See media help.

Image File history File links Gnome-speakernotes. ... Image File history File links Russian_Anthem_chorus. ... Image File history File links Russian_Anthem_instrumental. ...

Official sheet music Image File history File links Download high resolution version (900x1432, 85 KB) The official arrangement of the w:Hymn of the Russian Federation, created in 2001 by Pavel Ovsyannikov. ...

References

1. ↑ ^a b CNN Reporting the Duma's Adoption of Alexandrov's anthem in Dcember of 2000
2. ↑ Christianity Today - Putin complians about lack of lyrics to the anthem in October of 2000
3. ↑ BCC Reporting the Duma's Adoption of Alexandrov's anthem in Dcember of 2000
4. ↑ Article about the Bylina-Hymn USSR connection
5. ↑ Comparison between Bylina and Alexandrov's anthem found
6. ↑ Flags of the World reporting about flag-related proposed lyrics
7. ↑ Law on the Russian anthem

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Гимн России

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Hymn of the Russian Federation

• Government of Russia's website on the national symbols ((Russian))
• Federal Constitutional Law on the National Hymn of the Russian Federation ((Russian))
• Other recordings of the anthem, an extensive collection