In Greek Language Hyperborea means Supernorth (or beyond the North). In Greek mythology, according to tradition, the Hyperboreans were a mythical people who lived far to the north of Thrace. Their land, called Hyperborea, or Hyperboria, was perfect, with the Sun shining twenty-four hours a day. In Greek mythology Hyperborea is the northern land of the Hyperboreans, beyond the North Wind. The name has also been used for: the fictional continent in Clark Ashton Smiths fiction:see Hyperborean cycle. ... Greek ( IPA: or simply IPA: — Hellenic) has a documented history of 3,500 years, the longest of any single language in the Indo-European language family. ... The bust of Zeus found at Otricoli (Sala Rotonda, Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican) Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the Ancient Greeks concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. ... Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak  Thrace (Bulgarian: , Greek: , Attic Greek: ThrāíkÄ“ or ThrēíkÄ“, Latin: , Turkish: ) is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. ...

Never the Muse is absent

from their ways: lyres clash and flutes cry

and everywhere maiden choruses whirling.

Neither disease nor bitter old age is mixed

in their sacred blood; far from labor and battle they live.

(Pindar, Tenth Pythian Ode, Richmond Lattimore, translator).

Reaching such exotic lands is never easy: Pindar (or Pindarus) (probably born 522 BC in Cynoscephalae, a village in Boeotia; died 443 BC in Argos), was perhaps the greatest of the nine lyric poets of ancient Greece. ... Richmond Alexander Lattimore (May 6, 1906 - February 26, 1984) was an American poet and translator known for his translations of the Greek classics, especially his versions of the Iliad and Odyssey, still considered superior despite their age. ...

Never on land or by sea will you find

the marvelous road to the feast of the Hyperborea.

Pindar cautioned. The Greeks thought that Boreas, the North Wind, lived in Thrace, and that therefore Hyperborea was an unspecified nation in the northern lands beyond Scythia. There was one person and one god known as Boreas in Greek mythology. ... Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak  Thrace (Bulgarian: , Greek: , Attic Greek: ThrāíkÄ“ or ThrēíkÄ“, Latin: , Turkish: ) is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. ... Approximate extent of Scythia and Sarmatia in the 1st century BC (the orange background shows the spread of Eastern Iranian languages, among them Scytho-Sarmatian). ...

Legends

Alone among the Twelve Olympians, Apollo was venerated among the Hyperboreans: he spent his winter amongst them.^[1] For their part the Hyperboreans sent mysterious gifts, packed in straw that came first to Dodona and then were passed from people to people until they came to Apollo's temple on Delos (Pausanias). Abaris, Hyperborean priest of Apollo, was a legendary wandering healer and seer. Theseus and Perseus also visited the Hyperboreans. Twelve Olympians, also known as the Dodekatheon (Greek: Δωδεκάθεον < δωδεκα, dodeka, twelve + θεον, theon, of the gods), in Greek religion, were the principal gods of the Greek pantheon, residing atop Mount Olympus. ... For other uses, see Apollo (disambiguation). ... Winter is one of the four seasons of temperate zones. ... Bales of straw bundles of rice straw Pile of straw bales, sheltered under a tarpaulin Straw is an agricultural byproduct, the dry stalk of a cereal plant, after the nutrient grain or seed has been removed. ... For other uses, see Dodona (disambiguation). ... The island of Delos, Carl Anton Joseph Rottmann, 1847 The island of Delos (Greek: Δήλος, Dhilos), isolated in the centre of the roughly circular ring of islands called the Cyclades, near Mykonos, had a position as a holy sanctuary for a millennium before Olympian Greek mythology made it the birthplace of... Pausanias (Greek: ) was a Greek traveller and geographer of the 2nd century A.D., who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius. ... Abaris the Hyperborean was a legendary or semi-legendary sage, healer and priest known to the ancient Greeks. ... Theseus (Greek ) was a legendary king of Athens, son of Aethra, and fathered by Aegeus and Poseidon, with whom Aethra lay in one night (By some accounts, this was presented as a rape). ... For the constellation, see Perseus (constellation); for the Macedonian king, see Perseus of Macedon Perseus with the Head of Medusa Perseus was the son of Danae, the only child of Acrisius king of Argos. ...

Along with Thule, Hyperborea was one of several terrae incognitae to the Greeks and Romans, where Pliny and Herodotus, as well as Virgil and Cicero, reported that people lived to the age of one thousand and enjoyed lives of complete happiness. According to Herodotus (4.13), Aristeas had written a hexameter poem (now lost) about a 'trip' to the Issedones. Beyond these lived the one-eyed Arimaspians, further on there were gold-guarding griffins, and beyond these the Hyperboreans. Hesiod mentioned the Hyperboreans, Herodotus reported, "and Homer also in the Epigoni, if that be really a work of his". Also, the sun was supposed to rise and set only once a year in Hyperborea, which would place it at the North Pole. Thule as Tile on the Carta Marina by Olaus Magnus. ... Terra incognita is a term used in exploration for unknown territory that has not been mapped or documented. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19th Century portrait. ... Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: HÄ“rodotos Halikarnāsseus) was a Greek historian from Ionia who lived in the 5th century BC (ca. ... For other uses, see Virgil (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Cicero (disambiguation). ... Aristeas was a semi-legendary Greek poet and miracle-worker, a native of Proconnesus in Asia Minor, active ca. ... Hexameter is a literary and poetic form, consisting of six metrical feet per line as in the Iliad. ... A psychedelic experience, or trip, is characterized by the perception of aspects of ones mind previously unknown, or by the creative exuberance of the mind liberated from its ordinary fetters. ... The Issedones were an ancient people of Central Asia at the end of the trade route leading north-east from Scythia, described by Herodotus in Book Four of his History. ... A satyr (left), a griffin (centre) and an Arimaspus (right), detail of a red-figure calyx-krater, ca. ... Statue of a griffin at St. ... Roman bronze bust, the so-called Pseudo-Seneca, now identified by some as possibly Hesiod Hesiod (Hesiodos, ) was an early Greek poet and rhapsode, who presumably lived around 700 BC. Hesiod and Homer, with whom Hesiod is often paired, have been considered the earliest Greek poets whose work has survived... This is an article about the Greek myth. ... For other uses, see North Pole (disambiguation). ...

In maps based on reference points and descriptions given by Strabo,^[2] Hyperborea, shown variously as a peninsula or island, is located beyond France and has a greater latitudinal than longitudinal extent.^[3] Other descriptions put it in the general area of the Ural Mountains. The Greek geographer Strabo in a 16th century engraving. ... A peninsula in Croatia A peninsula is a piece of land that is bordered on three or more sides by water. ... This article is about the geographical term. ... Longitude is the east-west geographic coordinate measurement most commonly utilized in cartography and global navigation. ... Map of the Ural Mountains The Ural Mountains (Russian: , Uralskiye gory) (also known as the Urals, the Riphean Mountains in Greco-Roman antiquity, and known as the Stone Belt) are a mountain range that runs roughly north and south through western Russia. ...

Modern interpretations

As with other legends of this sort, selected details can be reconciled with modern knowledge. Above the Arctic Circle, from the time of the vernal equinox to the time of the autumnal equinox, the sun can shine for twenty-four hours a day; at the extremes (that is, the Poles), it rises and sets only once a year, possibly leading to the erroneous conclusion that a "day" for such persons is a year long, and therefore that living a thousand days would be the same as living a thousand years. World map showing the Arctic Circle in red A sign along the Dalton Highway marking the location of the Arctic Circle The Arctic Circle is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. ... For other uses, see Equinox (disambiguation). ...

Since Herodotus places the Hyperboreans beyond the Massagetae and Issedones, both Central Asian peoples, it appears that his Hyperboreans may have lived in Siberia. Heracles sought the golden-antlered hind of Artemis in Hyperborea. As the reindeer is the only deer species of which females bear horns, this would suggest an arctic or subarctic region. Following J.D.P. Bolton's location of the Issedones on the south-western slopes of the Altay mountains, Carl P.Ruck places Hyperborea beyond the Dzungarian Gate into northern Xinjiang, noting that the Hyperboreans were probably Chinese. ^[4] Hecataeus of Abdera, however, clearly places the Hyperboreans in the British Isles. The Massagetae were an Iranian people[1][2][3][4] of antiquity known primarily from the writings of Herodotus. ... The Issedones were an ancient people of Central Asia at the end of the trade route leading north-east from Scythia, described by Herodotus in Book Four of his History. ... Central Asia is a region of Asia. ... “Siberian” redirects here. ... Hercules, a Roman bronze (Louvre Museum) “Alcides” redirects here. ... The Ceryneian Hind, also called Cerynitis, was an enormous hind sacred to Artemis, the chaste goddess of the hunt and moon. ... For other uses, see Artemis (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758) Reindeer map The reindeer, known as caribou when wild in North America, is an Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer (Rangifer tarandus). ... The red line indicates the 10°C isotherm in July, commonly used to define the Arctic region border Satellite image of the Arctic surface The Arctic is the region around the Earths North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. ... The subarctic is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic and covering much of Canada and Siberia, the north of Scandinavia, northern Mongolia and the Chinese province of Heilongjiang. ... The Issedones were an ancient people of Central Asia at the end of the trade route leading north-east from Scythia, described by Herodotus in Book Four of his History. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Carl A. P. Ruck is a professor in the Classical Studies department at Boston University. ... The Dzungarian Alatau is a mountain range that lies on the boundary of Xinjiang region of China and Kazakhstan. ... For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ... Hecataeus of Abdera (or of Teos), Greek historian and Sceptic philosopher, flourished in the 4th century BC. He accompanied Ptolemy I Soter in an expedition to Syria, and sailed up the Nile with him as far as Thebes (Diogenes Laertius ix. ... This article describes the archipelago in north-Western Europe. ...

The term "Hyperborean" sees some self-consciously jocular contemporary use to refer to any who live in a cold climate.^[5] Under the Library of Congress classification system, the letter subclass PM includes "Hyperborean Languages", a catch-all category that refers to all the linguistically unrelated languages of peoples living in Arctic regions, such as the Inuit. Library of Congress reading room The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. ... For other uses, see Inuit (disambiguation). ...

Hyperborea in Modern Esoteric Thought

H.P. Blavatsky, Rene Guenon and Julius Evola all shared the belief in the Hyperborean, polar origins of mankind and a subsequent solidification and devolution (cf. [1]). According to these esoterists, Hyperborea was the Golden Age polar center of civilization and spirituality; and Humankind does not rise from the ape, but progressively physicalizes into the apelike condition as it strays physically and spiritually from its mystical otherworldly homeland in the Far North, succumbing to the demonic energies of the South Pole, the greatest point of materialization (see Joscelyn Godwin, Arktos: The Polar Myth). Helena Blavatsky Helena Petrovna Hahn (also Hélène) (July 31, 1831 (O.S.) (August 12, 1831 (N.S.)) - May 8, 1891 London, England), better known as Helena Blavatsky or Madame Blavatsky was the founder of Theosophy. ... René Guénon (aka Sheikh Abd Al Wahid Yahya) (1886-1951) was a French-born author, philosopher, and social critic of the early 20th century. ... Julius Evola born Giulio Cesare Andrea Evola, aka Baron Evola (May 19, 1898-June 11, 1974), was an Italian esotericist and occult author, who wrote extensively on Hermeticism, the metaphysics of sex, Tantra, Buddhism, Taoism, mountaineering, the Holy Grail, militarism, aristocracy, on matters political, philosophical, historical, racial, religious, as well... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Joscelyn Godwin (born 16 January 1945 at Kelmscott, Oxfordshire, England) is a musicologist, writer and translator. ...

Cultural references

• the "Hyperboreans" (Hyperboreisch-römische Gesellschaft) was a group of northern European scholars who studied classical ruins in Rome, founded in 1824 by Theodor Panofka, Otto Magnus von Stackelberg , August Kestner and Eduard Gerhard.
• In James Joyce's Ulysses, Buck Mulligan tells Stephen, "I'm hyperborean as much as you."
• In the fiction of Robert E. Howard, Hyperborea is a far northern land of fair-haired barbarians, to the north and east of Conan's native Cimmeria.
• In the game Rome: Total War, Hyperborea is depicted as the land north of Scythia and Germania and it is home to an Independant Kingdom of Amazons.
• In Stephen King's third Dark Tower book, The Wastelands, Calvin Tower calls Jake a Hyperborean wanderer.
• The Hyperborean Empire (and fictional myths associated thereof) is a common lyrical theme of metal band Bal-Sagoth, referenced in a three-part song called "The Splendor of a Thousand Swords Gleaming Beneath the Blazon of the Hyperborean Empire" (parts I, II, and III found on albums Starfire Burning Upon the Ice-Veiled Throne of Ultima Thule, Battle Magic, and Atlantis Ascendant; respectively.)
• Edward Cline used the name Hyperborea as the title of a fictional novel appearing in his Sparrowhawk series of historical novels.
• George Macdonald briefly mentions the Hyperborean regions in At the Back of the North Wind.
• Friedrich Nietzsche referred to those who followed his philosophy as "Hyperboreans" in The Antichrist (translated by Anthony M. Ludovici.)
• The electronic music group Tangerine Dream has published an album named Hyperborea.
• The ship from Jungle Planet in Transformers: Cybertron was named Hyperborea and one of the four ships that formed the Ark.
• In the Cthulhu Nation MMORPG, based on the fiction of H.P. Lovecraft, there are creatures named Hyperborean and Hyperborean Elder.
• The band HORSE the band has a song titled "Hyperborea".

Theodor Sigismund Panofka (25 February 1800, Breslau - 20 June 1858, Berlin) was one of the first scholars to make a systemic study of the pottery of Ancient Greece, and one of the founders of the institution later to become the German Archaeological Institute (Deutsches archäologisches Institut). ... Otto Magnus baron von Stackelberg (25 July 1786 to 27 March 1837) was one of the first archaeologist, a writer, painter and art historian. ... August Kestner Georg Christian August Kestner (28 November 1777 in Hanover; 5 March 1853 in Rome) was a German diplomat and art collector. ... Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard Gerhard (November 29, 1795 - May 12, 1867), German archaeologist was co-founder and secretary of the first international archaeological society. ... This article is about the writer and poet. ... Ulysses is a novel by James Joyce, first serialized in parts in the American journal The Little Review from March 1918 to December 1920, and then published in its entirety by Sylvia Beach on February 2, 1922, in Paris. ... Malachi Buck Mulligan is a fictional character in James Joyces novel Ulysses. ... Robert Ervin Howard (January 22, 1906 – June 11, 1936)[1] was a classic American pulp writer of fantasy, horror, historical adventure, boxing, western, and detective fiction. ... Cimmeria is a fictional land of barbarians in antediluvian earth (cp. ... Rome: Total War is a grand strategy computer game where players fight historical and fictious battles during the era of the Roman Republic, from 270 BCE to 14 CE. The game was developed by Creative Assembly and released on September 22, 2004. ... Approximate extent of Scythia and Sarmatia in the 1st century BC (the orange background shows the spread of Eastern Iranian languages, among them Scytho-Sarmatian). ... Map of the Roman Empire and the free Germania, Magna Germania, in the early 2nd century For other uses, see Germania (disambiguation). ... The Amazons (in Greek, ) were a mythical ancient nation of all-female warriors. ... Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of over 200 stories including over 50 bestselling horror novels. ... The Dark Tower can refer to one of several things: The Dark Tower (series) &#8212; a series of novels by Stephen King. ... The Waste Lands is book III of the Dark Tower series by Stephen King. ... Jake Chambers captured by Gasher in Lud. ... me and helen 4 ever This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Starfire Burning. ... Battle Magic is Bal-Sagoths third album (if you dont include the Demo of 1993). ... Bal Sagoths Atlantis Ascendant released by Nuclear Blast in 2001. ... Edward Cline is a novelist and essayist, best known for his Sparrowhawk series of novels, which take place in England and Virginia before the American Revolutionary War. ... George MacDonald George MacDonald (December 10, 1824 – September 18, 1905) was a Scottish author, poet, and Christian minister. ... Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 – August 25, 1900) (IPA: ) was a 19th-century German philosopher. ... Tangerine Dream is a German electronic music group founded in 1967 by Edgar Froese. ... Scourge and Jungle Planet Jungle Planet (Also called the Beast Planet on occasion) is a fictional planet home to beastial Transformers in the animated television program, Transformers: Cybertron; it is referred to as Animatros in the Japanese version of the series, Transformers: Galaxy Force. ... The Ark is an Autobot spacecraft in the fictional Transformers Universe. ... An image from World of Warcraft, one of the largest commercial MMORPGs as of 2004, based on active subscriptions. ... Howard Phillips Lovecraft (August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American author of fantasy, horror and science fiction, noted for combining these three genres within single narratives. ...

Notes

James Rendel Harris (Plymouth, Devon, January 27, 1852 – March 1, 1941) was a British biblical scholar and curator of manuscripts, who was instrumental in bringing back to light many Syriac Scriptures and other early documents. ... Fridtjof Nansen Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (born October 10, 1861 in Store Frøen, near Christiania - died May 13, 1930 in Lysaker, outside Oslo) was a Norwegian explorer, scientist and diplomat. ... R. Gordon Wasson (September 22, 1898 – December 23, 1986) was an author, amateur researcher and banker. ... Gregg Edmund Easterbrook is an American writer who is a senior editor of The New Republic. ... City Minneapolis, Minnesota Other nicknames The Vikes, The Purple People Eaters Team colors Purple, Gold, and White Head Coach Brad Childress Owner Zygi Wilf General manager Rob Brzezinski Fight song Skol, Vikings Mascot Ragnar League/Conference affiliations National Football League (1961–present) Western Conference (1961-1969) Central Division (1967-1969... NFL logo For other uses of the abbreviation NFL, see NFL (disambiguation). ... ESPN/ESPN-DT, formerly an acronym for Entertainment and Sports Programming Network, is an [[United States|Amer<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here--68. ...

References

• Portions of this article were formerly excerpted from the public domain Lempriere's Dictionary, 1848.