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Hyperion (IPA: [haɪˈpi.ri.ən], Greek Ὑπερίων) is a moon of Saturn discovered by William Cranch Bond, George Phillips Bond and William Lassell in 1848. It is distinguished by its irregular shape, its chaotic rotation, and its unexplained sponge-like appearance. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 540 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1800 × 2000 pixel, file size: 742 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Approximately true color mosaic of Saturns moon Hyperion. ...
William Cranch Bond William Cranch Bond (September 9, 1789 – January 29, 1859) was an American astronomer, and the first director of Harvard College Observatory. ...
George Phillips Bond (May 20, 1825 – February 17, 1865) was an American astronomer. ...
William Lassell (June 18, 1799 – October 5, 1880) was a British astronomer, born in Bolton, Lancashire, England. ...
is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Two bodies with a slight difference in mass orbiting around a common barycenter. ...
The semi-major axis of an ellipse In geometry, the term semi-major axis (also semimajor axis) is used to describe the dimensions of ellipses and hyperbolae. ...
A kilometer (Commonwealth spelling: kilometre), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1,000 metres (from the Greek words χίλια (khilia) = thousand and μÎÏ„Ïο (metro) = count/measure). ...
(This page refers to eccitricity in astrodynamics. ...
The orbital period is the time it takes a planet (or another object) to make one full orbit. ...
For the science fiction novella by William Shunn, see Inclination (novella). ...
A natural satellite is an object that orbits a planet or other body larger than itself and which is not man-made. ...
Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure 140 kPa Hydrogen >93% Helium >5% Methane 0. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
“Kg†redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Density (disambiguation). ...
The surface gravity of a Killing horizon is the acceleration, as exerted at infinity, needed to keep an object at the horizon. ...
Acceleration is the time rate of change of velocity and/or direction, and at any point on a velocity-time graph, it is given by the slope of the tangent to the curve at that point. ...
Space Shuttle Atlantis launches on mission STS-71. ...
In astronomy, a rotation period is the time an astronomical object takes to complete one revolution around its rotation axis relative to the background stars. ...
For other uses, see Chaos Theory (disambiguation). ...
In astronomy, axial tilt is the inclination angle of a planets rotational axis in relation to a perpendicular to its orbital plane. ...
Albedo is the ratio of reflected to incident electromagnetic radiation. ...
Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabetâ€. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ...
A natural satellite is an object that orbits a planet or other body larger than itself and which is not man-made. ...
Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure 140 kPa Hydrogen >93% Helium >5% Methane 0. ...
William Cranch Bond William Cranch Bond (September 9, 1789 – January 29, 1859) was an American astronomer, and the first director of Harvard College Observatory. ...
George Phillips Bond (May 20, 1825 – February 17, 1865) was an American astronomer. ...
William Lassell (June 18, 1799 – October 5, 1880) was a British astronomer, born in Bolton, Lancashire, England. ...
Name The moon is named after Hyperion, a Titan in Greek mythology. It is also designated Saturn VII. The adjectival form of the name is Hyperionian. This article is about Hyperion, a Titan in Greek mythology. ...
This article is about the race of Titans in Greek mythology. ...
The bust of Zeus found at Otricoli (Sala Rotonda, Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican) Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the Ancient Greeks concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. ...
Hyperion's discovery came shortly after John Herschel had suggested names for the seven previously-known satellites of Saturn in his 1847 publication Results of Astronomical Observations made at the Cape of Good Hope.[8] Lassell, who saw Hyperion two days after Bonds, had already endorsed Herschel's naming scheme and suggested the name Hyperion in accordance with it.[9] He also beat the Bonds to publication.[10] John Herschel Sir John Frederick William Herschel (7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English mathematician and astronomer. ...
William Lassell (June 18, 1799 – October 5, 1880) was a British astronomer, born in Bolton, Lancashire, England. ...
William Cranch Bond William Cranch Bond (September 9, 1789 – January 29, 1859) was an American astronomer, and the first director of Harvard College Observatory. ...
John Herschel Sir John Frederick William Herschel (7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English mathematician and astronomer. ...
William Cranch Bond William Cranch Bond (September 9, 1789 – January 29, 1859) was an American astronomer, and the first director of Harvard College Observatory. ...
Physical characteristics
Shape Hyperion is one of the largest highly irregular (non-spherical) bodies in the solar system (second to Proteus). The largest crater on Hyperion is approximately 121.57 km in diameter and 10.2 km deep. A possible explanation for the irregular morphology is that Hyperion is a fragment of a larger body that was broken by a large impact in the distant past, an event which has been linked to the enigmatic darkening of Iapetus.[11] This article is about the Solar System. ...
Atmospheric pressure 0 kPa Proteus (proe-tee-us, Greek Î ÏωτÎας) is one of Neptunes moons. ...
Tycho crater on Earths moon. ...
Iapetus (eye-ap-ə-təs, IPA , Greek Ιαπετός) is the third-largest moon of Saturn, discovered by Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1671. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
This is an artists concept of Cassini during the Saturn Orbit Insertion (SOI) maneuver, just after the main engine has begun firing. ...
Composition Like most of Saturn's moons, Hyperion's low density indicates that it is composed largely of water ice with only a small amount of rock. It is thought that Hyperion may be similar to a loosely accreted pile of rubble in its physical composition. However, unlike most of Saturn's moons, Hyperion has a low albedo (0.2–0.3), indicating that it is covered by at least a thin layer of dark material. This may be material from Phoebe (which is much darker) that got past Iapetus. Hyperion is redder than Phoebe and closely matches the color of the dark material on Iapetus. The Saturnian system (photographic montage) Saturn has 60 confirmed natural satellites, plus three hypothetical moons. ...
For other uses, see Density (disambiguation). ...
Albedo is the ratio of reflected to incident electromagnetic radiation. ...
For other meanings see Phoebe. ...
Iapetus (eye-ap-ə-təs, IPA , Greek Ιαπετός) is the third-largest moon of Saturn, discovered by Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1671. ...
For other uses, see Red (disambiguation). ...
Hyperion has a porosity of about 0.46 [7].
Surface features Voyager 2 passed through the Saturn system but photographed Hyperion only from a distance. It discerned individual craters and an enormous ridge but was not able to make out the texture of the moon's surface. Early images from the Cassini orbiter suggested an unusual appearance, but it was not until Cassini's sole targeted flyby of Hyperion on September 25, 2005 that the moon's oddness was revealed in full. Trajectory Voyager 2 is an unmanned interplanetary spacecraft, launched on August 20, 1977. ...
Cassini-Huygens is a joint NASA/ESA/ASI unmanned space mission intended to study Saturn and its moons. ...
is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Hyperion's surface is covered with deep, sharp-edged craters that give it the appearance of a giant sponge. Dark material fills the bottom of each crater. The reddish substance contains long chains of carbon and hydrogen and appears very similar to material found on other Saturnian satellites, most notably Iapetus. Tycho crater on Earths moon. ...
For other uses, see Carbon (disambiguation). ...
General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ...
Iapetus (eye-ap-ə-təs, IPA , Greek Ιαπετός) is the third-largest moon of Saturn, discovered by Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1671. ...
In July 2007, image analyses suggest the moon's odd appearance is the result of a highly porous surface that preserves craters, allowing them to remain nearly as pristine as the day they were created. Scientists determined that Hyperion is composed mostly of water ice and that the bottoms of its craters are covered in a dark red substance that could be the key to resolving some of the moon's other strange properties. The latest analyses of data obtained by NASA's Cassini spacecraft during its flybys of Hyperion in 2005 and 2006 show that about 40 percent of the moon is empty space. The new analyses also confirmed that Hyperion is composed mostly of water ice with very little rock. "We find that water ice is the main constituent of the surface, but it's dirty water ice," said Dale Cruikshank, a researcher at NASA Ames Research Center. [12] A pore, in general, is some form of opening, usually very small. ...
This article is about the American space agency. ...
This is an artists concept of Cassini during the Saturn Orbit Insertion (SOI) maneuver, just after the main engine has begun firing. ...
Aerial View of Moffett Field and NASA Ames Research Center. ...
- See also: List of geological features on Hyperion
This is a list of named geological features on Hyperion. ...
Rotation
Hyperion with image processing to bring out details. Taken by the Cassini space probe. The Voyager 2 images and subsequent ground based photometry indicate that Hyperion's rotation is chaotic, that is, its axis of rotation oscillates so much that its orientation in space is unpredictable. Hyperion is the only known moon in the solar system that rotates chaotically, but simulations suggest that other irregular satellites may have done so in the past. It is unique among the large moons in that it is very irregularly shaped, has a fairly eccentric orbit, and is near another large moon, Titan. These factors combine to restrict the set of conditions under which stable rotation is possible. The 3:4 orbital resonance between Titan and Hyperion may also make chaotic rotation more likely. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 600 × 600 pixels Full resolution (1024 × 1024 pixel, file size: 118 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Hyperion, a moon of Saturn, with enhanced image processing to bring out details and color differences. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 600 × 600 pixels Full resolution (1024 × 1024 pixel, file size: 118 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Hyperion, a moon of Saturn, with enhanced image processing to bring out details and color differences. ...
Cassini-Huygens is a joint NASA/ESA/ASI unmanned space mission intended to study Saturn and its moons. ...
Trajectory Voyager 2 is an unmanned interplanetary spacecraft, launched on August 20, 1977. ...
Photometry is a technique of astronomy concerned with measuring the flux, or intensity of an astronomical objects electromagnetic radiation. ...
For other uses, see Chaos Theory (disambiguation). ...
Titan (, from Ancient Greek Τῑτάν) or Saturn VI is the largest moon of Saturn and the only moon known to have a dense atmosphere. ...
In celestial mechanics, an orbital resonance occurs when two orbiting bodies exert a regular, periodic gravitational influence on each other. ...
The odd rotation probably accounts for the relative uniformity of Hyperion's surface, in contrast to many of Saturn's other moons which have contrastive leading and trailing hemispheres. The Saturnian system (photographic montage) Saturn has 60 confirmed natural satellites, plus three hypothetical moons. ...
The word hemisphere literally means half sphere or half ball; when used in the singular form, it refers to one of the halves of a spherical object. ...
References - ^ Computed from period, using the IAU-MPC NSES µ value
- ^ Pluto Project pseudo-MPEC for Saturn VII
- ^ NASA's Solar System Exploration: Saturn: Moons: Hyperion: Facts & Figures
- ^ MIRA's Field Trips to the Stars Internet Education Program: Saturn
- ^ NASA's Solar System Exploration: Saturn: Moons: Hyperion
- ^ a b Jacobson, R. A.; Antreasian, P. G.; Bordi, J. J.; Criddle, K. E.; et al. (December 2006). "The Gravity Field of the Saturnian System from Satellite Observations and Spacecraft Tracking Data". The Astronomical Journal 132: 2520-2526.
- ^ a b c Thomas, P. C.; et al. (July 2007). "Hyperion's sponge-like appearance". Nature 448: 50-56.
- ^ As reported by William Lassell, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 42–43 1848 January 14)
- ^ Lassell, W.; Discovery of a New Satellite of Saturn, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 8, No. 9 (November 1848), pp. 195–197
- ^ Bond, W. C.; Discovery of a new satellite of Saturn, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 9, No. 1 (November 10, 1848) pp. 1–2
- ^ Matthews, R. A. J.; The Darkening of Iapetus and the Origin of Hyperion, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 33 (September 1992), pp. 253–258
- ^ [1]
Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
External links | Moons of Saturn | | Generally listed in increasing distance from Saturn. Temporary names in italics. | | Ring shepherds | Pan · Daphnis · Atlas · Prometheus · S/2004 S 6? · S/2004 S 4? · S/2004 S 3? · Pandora | | Co-orbitals | Epimetheus · Janus | Inner large
(and Trojan) | Mimas · Methone · Anthe · Pallene · Enceladus · Tethys (Telesto • Calypso) · Dione (Helene • Polydeuces) Titan (, from Ancient Greek Τῑτάν) or Saturn VI is the largest moon of Saturn and the only moon known to have a dense atmosphere. ...
Iapetus (eye-ap-ə-təs, IPA , Greek Ιαπετός) is the third-largest moon of Saturn, discovered by Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1671. ...
The Saturnian system (photographic montage) Saturn has 60 confirmed natural satellites, plus three hypothetical moons. ...
This article is about the planet. ...
Atmosphere none Pan (pan, Greek Πάν) is a moon of Saturn, named after the god Pan. ...
Atmosphere none Daphnis (IPA: , Greek Δαφνίς) is an inner satellite of Saturn. ...
Atmospheric pressure 0 kPa Atlas (at-lus, Greek Άτλας) is a moon of Saturn. ...
Prometheus (proe-mee-thee-us, Greek Î ÏομηθÎας) is a moon of Saturn. ...
S/2004 S 6 is the provisional designation of a natural satellite of Saturn that was discovered in 2004 (on October 28 images) by the Cassini probe team, led by Carolyn C. Porco et al. ...
S/2004 S 4 is the designation of an unconfirmed moon of Saturn announced by the Cassini Imaging Team on September 9, 2004. ...
S/2004 S 3 is the provisional designation of an unconfirmed moon of Saturn. ...
Pandora (pan-dor-a, Greek ΠανδώÏα) is a moon of Saturn. ...
Epimetheus (ep-i-mee-thee-us, Greek ΕπιμηθεÏÏ‚) is a moon of Saturn. ...
Janus (jay-nus, IPA: , Greek Ιανός) is an inner satellite of Saturn. ...
Mimas (mee-məs or mye-məs, IPA: , Greek Μίμᾱς, rarely Μίμανς) is a moon of Saturn that was discovered in 1789 by William Herschel. ...
Discovery image of Methone Methone (me-thoe-nee, Greek Μεθωνη) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Anthe is a very small natural satellite of Saturn lying between the orbits of Mimas and Enceladus. ...
Discovery image of Pallene Pallene (pa-lee-nee, Greek Παλλήνη) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Atmosphere Surface pressure: trace, significant spatial variability[8][9] Composition: 91% Water vapour 4% Nitrogen 3. ...
Atmosphere none Tethys (tee-thÉ™s or teth-É™s, IPA , Greek ΤηθÏÏ‚) is a moon of Saturn that was discovered by Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1684. ...
Atmosphere none Telesto IPA: , Greek Τελεστώ) is a moon of Saturn. ...
Atmosphere none Calypso (ka-lip-soe, Greek Καλυψώ) is a moon of Saturn. ...
Atmosphere none Dione (dye-oe-nee, Greek Διώνη) is a moon of Saturn discovered by Giovanni Cassini in 1684. ...
Helene (hel-e-nee, Greek ‘ΕλÎνη) is a moon of Saturn. ...
Saturns moon Polydeuces Atmosphere none Polydeuces (pol-ee-dew-seez, IPA: , Greek ΠολυδεÏκης) is a very small natural satellite of Saturn that is co-orbital with Dione and librates around the trailing Lagrangian point (L5). ...
| | Outer large | Rhea · Titan · Hyperion · Iapetus | | Inuit group | Kiviuq · Ijiraq · Paaliaq · Siarnaq · Tarqeq | | Norse group | Phoebe · Skathi · S/2007 S 2 · Skoll · S/2004 S 13 · Greip · Hyrrokkin · Mundilfari · Jarnsaxa · S/2006 S 1 · S/2004 S 17 · Narvi · Bergelmir · Aegir · Suttungr · S/2004 S 12 · Bestla · Farbauti · Hati · S/2004 S 7 · Thrymr · S/2007 S 3 · S/2006 S 3 · Surtur · Kari · Fenrir · Ymir · Loge · Fornjot Atmosphere none Rhea (ree-a, Greek ‘ΡÎα) is the second largest moon of Saturn and was discovered in 1672 by Giovanni Domenico Cassini. ...
Titan (, from Ancient Greek Τῑτάν) or Saturn VI is the largest moon of Saturn and the only moon known to have a dense atmosphere. ...
Iapetus (eye-ap-ə-təs, IPA , Greek Ιαπετός) is the third-largest moon of Saturn, discovered by Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1671. ...
The Inuit group is made up of moons of Saturn which share similar orbits. ...
Kiviuq (kee-vee-oek or kiv-ee-uk) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Ijiraq (ee-ye-raak or ee-ji-raak) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Paaliaq (paw-lee-aak) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Siarnaq (see-ar-naak) (Saturn XXIX) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Tarqeq, or Saturn LII (provisional designation S/2007 S 1) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
The Norse group is a large group of moons of Saturn which share similar orbits. ...
For other meanings see Phoebe. ...
Skathi (skaadh-ee, with a voiced th as in this) (Saturn XXVII) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
S/2007 S 2 is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Skoll, or Saturn XLVII (provisional designation S/2006 S 8) is a retrograde irregular satellite of Saturn. ...
S/2004 S 13 is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Greip, or Saturn LI (provisional designation S/2006 S 4) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Hyrrokkin, or Saturn XLIV (provisional designation S/2004 S 19) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Mundilfari (moon-dil-fair-ee, Norse Mundilfäri) (Saturn XXV) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Jarnsaxa, or Saturn L (provisional designation S/2006 S 6) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
S/2006 S 1 is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
S/2004 S 17 is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Narvi (nar-vee) (Saturn XXXI) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Bergelmir, or Saturn XXXVIII (provisional designation S/2004 S 15) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Aegir (IPA: ), or Saturn XXXVI (provisional designation S/2004 S 10) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Suttungr (soot-oong-ur) (Saturn XXIII) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
S/2004 S 12 is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Bestla, or Saturn XXXIX (provisional designation S/2004 S 18) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Farbauti, or Saturn XL (provisional designation S/2004 S 9) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Hati, or Saturn XLIII (provisional designation S/2004 S 14) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
S/2004 S 7 is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Thrymr (THRIM er) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
S/2007 S 3 is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
S/2006 S 3 is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Surtur, or Saturn XLVIII (provisional designation S/2006 S 7) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Kari, or Saturn XLV (provisional designation S/2006 S 2) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Fenrir, or Saturn XLI (provisional designation S/2004 S 16) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Ymir (ee-mur) (Saturn XIX) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Loge, or Saturn XLVI (provisional designation S/2006 S 5) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
Fornjot (IPA: ), or Saturn XLII (provisional designation S/2004 S 8) is a natural satellite of Saturn. ...
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