Hypertext fiction is a genre of electronic literature, characterized by the use of hypertext links which provides a new context for non-linearity in "literature" and reader interaction. The reader typically chooses links to move from one node of text to the next, and in this fashion arranges a story from a deeper pool of potential stories. Its spirit can also be seen in interactive fiction. The term electronic literature refers to works with important literary aspects that take advantage of the capabilities and contexts provided by the stand-alone or networked computer. ... In computing, hypertext is a user interface paradigm for displaying documents which, according to an early definition (Nelson 1970), branch or perform on request. ... Zork, an early work of interactive fiction, running on a modern interpreter Interactive fiction, often abbreviated IF, describes software simulating environments in which players use text commands to control characters and influence the environment. ...

The first hypertext fictions were published prior to the development of the World Wide Web, using software such as Storyspace and Hypercard. Michael Joyce's Afternoon, a story, first presented in 1987 and published by Eastgate Systems in 1991, is generally considered one of the first hypertext fictions; although Alan Lance Andersen's hypertext fantasy story Elfland catacombs (Winterhearth: 1981) was published several years earlier using Commodore Basic programming. Afternoon was followed by a series of other Storyspace hypertext fictions from Eastgate Systems, including Stuart Moulthrop's Victory Garden, its name was Penelope by Judy Malloy, (whose hyperfiction Uncle Roger was published online on Artcom Electonic Network on The WELL from 1986-1987) Carolyn Guyer's Quibbling, Shelley Jackson's Patchwork Girl and Deena Larsen's Marble Springs. This article is about the hypertext author and scholar. ... Afternoon, a story is a hypertext fiction written in 1987 by American author Michael Joyce. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Eastgate Systems is a publisher of hypertext fiction and a developer of hypertext tools including StorySpace, in which much early hypertext fiction was written, and Tinderbox, a tool for managing notes and information. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Elfland Catacombs is one of the earliest examples of hypertext fiction. ... Eastgate Systems is a publisher of hypertext fiction and a developer of hypertext tools including StorySpace, in which much early hypertext fiction was written, and Tinderbox, a tool for managing notes and information. ... Stuart Moulthrop is an innovator of electronic literature and hypertext fiction, both as a theoretician and as a writer. ... Shelley Jackson Shelley Jackson (born 1963) is a writer and artist known for her cross-genre experiments, including important contributions to electronic literature and hypertext. ... Patchwork Girl is an early form of hypertext fiction which is not linked to the internet. ...

Douglas Cooper's Delirium (1994) was the first novel serialized on the web; it permitted navigation between four parallel story strands. Hypertext fiction is often far more multi-linear than this. Judy Malloy's l0ve0ne, created in 1994, was the first selection in the Eastgate Web Workshop. Some other web examples of hypertext fiction include Adrienne Eisen's Six Sex Scenes (1995), Stuart Moulthrop's Hegirascope, (1995,1997) Sunshine 69, The Unknown (which won the trAce(Alt X award in 1998), The Company Therapist, and Caitlin Fischer's These Waves of Girls (2001) (which won the ELO award for fiction in 2001). Douglas Cooper (born 1960 in Toronto) is a writer who lives in Manhattan. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The internationally oriented but U.S. based Electronic Literature Organization (ELO) was founded in 1999 to promote the creation and enjoyment of electronic literature. Other organisations for the promotion of electronic literature include trAce Online Writing Community, a British organisation that has fostered electronic literature in the UK, Dichtung Digital, a journal of criticism of electronic literature in English and German, and ELINOR, a network for electronic literature in the Nordic countries, which provides a directory of Nordic electronic literature. The Electronic Literature Directory lists many works of electronic literature in English and other languages. The Electronic Literature Organisation (ELO) is a nonprofit organisation initiated in 1999 to promote the creation and enjoyment of electronic literature. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

The term can also be used to describe traditionally-published books in which a non-linear and interactive narrative is achieved through internal references. Vladimir Nabokov's Pale Fire (1962) and Julio Cortázar's Rayuela (1963; translated as Hopscotch) are early examples (predating the word hypertext), while a common pop-culture example is the "Choose Your Own Adventure" format of young adult fiction. Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Набо́ков, pronounced ) (April 22, 1899 [O.S. April 10], Saint Petersburg – July 2, 1977, Montreux) was a Russian-American author. ... Penguin Classics edition of Pale Fire Pale Fire (1962) is a novel by Vladimir Nabokov, his fourteenth in total and fifth in English. ... Julio Cortázar. ... Rayuela (translated into English as Hopscotch) is the most famous novel by Argentine writer Julio Cortázar. ... In computing, hypertext is a user interface paradigm for displaying documents which, according to an early definition (Nelson 1970), branch or perform on request. ... The Cave of Time, the first Choose Your Own Adventure book. ...

See also

• Jay David Bolter
• J.Yellowlees Douglas
• N. Katherine Hayles
• Hypertext poetry
• Shelley Jackson
• Michael Joyce
• George Landow
• Lev Manovich
• Stuart Moulthrop
• Ted Nelson
• Milorad Pavić
• Juan B Gutierrez
• Interactive Fiction
• Laurence Sterne
• Hypertext
• Elfland catacombs
• Kathryn Cramer
• Jeff Parker (writer)

Jay David Bolter is a professor of Language, Communication and Culture at the Georgia Institute of Technology. ... J. Yellowlees Douglas is Director of the Center for Written and Oral Communication at the University of Florida as well as serving as serving as an Assistant Professor of English. ... N. Katherine Hayles is a noted postmodern literary critic and theorist as well as the author of How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature and Informatics which won the Rene Wellek Prize for the best book in literary theory for 1998–1999 [1]. // Background Hayles received her B... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Shelley Jackson Shelley Jackson (born 1963) is a writer and artist known for her cross-genre experiments, including important contributions to electronic literature and hypertext. ... This article is about the hypertext author and scholar. ... George Landow is Professor of English and Art History at Brown University. ... Lev Manovich is Professor of Visual Arts, University of California, San Diego, USA where he teaches new media art and theory. ... Stuart Moulthrop is an innovator of electronic literature and hypertext fiction, both as a theoretician and as a writer. ... Ted Nelson at OpenTech, London, 2005 Theodor Holm Nelson (born 1937) is an American sociologist, philosopher, and pioneer of information technology. ... Image:PavicM.jpg Milorad Pavić Milorad Pavić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милорад Павић, October 15, 1929 - ) is a noted Serbian poet, prose writer, translator, and literary historian. ... Juan B Gutierrez (born March 17, 1973) is a Colombian author who resides in the US, known primarily for his theoretical and practical contributions in the field of hypertext fiction. ... Zork, an early work of interactive fiction, running on a modern interpreter Interactive fiction, often abbreviated IF, describes software simulating environments in which players use text commands to control characters and influence the environment. ... Laurence Sterne Laurence Sterne (November 24, 1713 – March 18, 1768) was an Anglo-Irish novelist and clergyman. ... In computing, hypertext is a user interface paradigm for displaying documents which, according to an early definition (Nelson 1970), branch or perform on request. ... Elfland Catacombs is one of the earliest examples of hypertext fiction. ... Kathryn Elizabeth Cramer (April 16, 1962) is a science fiction author and editor. ... Jeff Parker (born January 3, 1974) is an American novelist and short story writer. ...

References

• Cicconi, Sergio (2000). "The Shaping of Hypertextual Narrative". The Integrated Media Machine: A Theoretical Framework, Ed. M. Yla-Kotola, J. Suoranta, S. Inkinen & J. Rinne. Helsinki: University of Lapland. 101-120. 
• Allen, Michael (2003). "This Is Not a Hypertext, But...: A Set of Lexias on Textuality". ctheory.net, Ed. Arthur and Marilouise Kroker. 
• "The hypertext Tristram Shandy page", David R. Hammontree's page
• Non-linear Tradition in Literature, materials by Christopher Keep, Tim McLaughlin and Robin Parmar, The Electronic Labyrinth
• Andersen, Alan Lance (1981). "Elfland Catacombs", Ames, Iowa: Winterhearth.

External links

• The Rapture Is At Hand - "Choose Your Own Adventure" style hyperlinked novella centered around The Rapture. (Published Anonymously in 2006)

• Judy Malloy

• Grammatron

• 8 minutes by Martha Conway

• Starry Pipe Book

• Cyberculture Studies click on Hypertexts & Interactive Narratives link
• (FILE) Electronic Language International Festival.Festival of new media art.