Hypocotyl is a botanical term for a part of a germinating seedling of a seed plant. As the plant embryo grows at germination, it sends out a shoot called a radicle that becomes the primary root and penetrates down into the soil. After emergence of the radicle, the hypocotyl emerges and lifts the growing tip (usually including the seed coat) above the ground, bearing the embryonic leaves (called cotyledons) and the plumule that gives rise to the first true leaves. The hypocotyle is the primary organ of extension of the young plant and develops into the stem. Botany is the scientific study of plantlife. ... Sunflower seedlings, just three days after germination Germination is the process in botany where growth emerges from a resting stage. ... A ripe red jalapeno cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ... Divisions Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum (a fern... Embryos (and one tadpole) of the wrinkled frog (Rana rugosa). ... In botany, the radicle is the first part of a seedling (a growing plant embryo) to emerge from the seed during germination. ... Soil is material capable of supporting plant life. ... This seedling germinated producing two plain-looking cotyledons later followed by two normal-looking leaves that are small copies of the adult leaves. ... A stem is the above ground axis of a vascular plant. ...

seed of Scouler's willow (Salix scouleriana)

The early development of a monocot seedling like cereals and other grasses is somewhat different. A structure called the coleoptile, essentially a part of the cotyledon, protects the young stem and plumule as growth pushes them up through the soil. A mesocotyl — that part of the young plant that lies between the seed (which remains buried) and the plumule — extends the shoot up to the soil surface, where secondary roots develop from just beneath the plumule. The primary root from the radicle may then fail to develop further. The mesocotyl is considered to be partly hypocotyl and partly cotyledon (see scutellum). Image File history File links Download high resolution version (556x730, 41 KB) Name  Salix scouleriana - seed Family  Salicaceae Credits : This image is not copyrighted and may be freely used for any purpose. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (556x730, 41 KB) Name  Salix scouleriana - seed Family  Salicaceae Credits : This image is not copyrighted and may be freely used for any purpose. ... Orders Base Monocots: Acorus Alismatales Asparagales Dioscoreales Liliales Pandanales Family Petrosaviaceae Commelinids: Arecales Commelinales Poales Zingiberales Family Dasypogonaceae The Monocotyledons or monocots are an extremely important group of flowering plants, dominating great parts of the earth and with many economically important plants. ... Cereal crops are mostly grasses cultivated for their edible seeds (actually a fruit called a caryopsis). ... Subfamilies There are 7 subfamilies: Subfamily Arundinoideae Subfamily Bambusoideae Subfamily Centothecoideae Subfamily Chloridoideae Subfamily Panicoideae Subfamily Pooideae Subfamily Stipoideae The true grasses are monocotyledonous plants (Class Liliopsida) in the Family Poaceae, also known as Gramineae. ... For the genus of Crassulaceae, see Cotyledon. ... A ripe red jalapeno cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ...

Not all monocots develop like the grasses. The onion develops in a manner similar to the first sequence described above, the seed coat and endosperm (stored food reserve) pulled upwards as the cotyledon extends. Later, the first true leaf grows from the node between the radicle and the sheath-like cotyledon, breaking through the cotyledon to grow past it. Binomial name Allium cepa L. Onion in the general sense can be used for any plant in the Genus Allium but used without qualifiers usually means Allium cepa L., also called the garden onion. ...

In some plants, the hypocotyl becomes enlarged as a storage organ. Examples include cyclamen and gloxinia. A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy (generally in the form of starch) or water. ... Species Cyclamen africanum Cyclamen balearicum Cyclamen cilicium Cyclamen colchicum Cyclamen coum Cyclamen creticum Cyclamen cyprium Cyclamen graecum Cyclamen hederifolium Cyclamen intaminatum Cyclamen libanoticum Cyclamen mirabile Cyclamen parviflorum Cyclamen persicum Cyclamen pseudibericum Cyclamen purpurascens Cyclamen repandum Cyclamen rohlfsianum Cyclamen somalense Cyclamen trochopteranthum Cyclamen is a genus of 20 species of flowering... Gloxinia can refer to: The genus Gloxinia of flowering plants; The plant species Sinningia speciosa, formerly classified in the genus Gloxinia. ...

See Also

• Epicotyl