Hypomania (literally, below mania) is a mood state characterized by persistent and pervasive elevated or irritable mood, and thoughts and behaviors that are consistent with such a mood state. It is distinguished from mania by the absence of psychotic symptoms and by its lower degree of impact on functioning. Hypomania is a feature of two mood disorders: bipolar II disorder and cyclothymia.^[1] This article is an expansion of a section entitled Mania from within the main article Bipolar disorder. ... A mood is a relatively lasting affective state. ... This article is an expansion of a section entitled Mania from within the main article Bipolar disorder. ... Psychosis is a psychiatric classification for a mental state in which the perception of reality is distorted. ... A mood disorder is a condition where the prevailing emotional mood is distorted or inappropriate to the circumstances. ... For other uses, see Bipolar. ... Cyclothymia is a mood disorder. ...

Episodes

According to the DSM-IV-TR, a hypomanic episode includes, over the course of at least 4 days, elevated mood plus three of the following symptoms OR irritable mood plus four of the following symptoms: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, is the handbook used most often in diagnosing mental disorders in the United States and other countries. ...

• pressured speech; rapid talking
• inflated self-esteem or grandiosity;
• decreased need for sleep;
• flight of ideas or the subjective experience that thoughts are racing;
• easy distractibility and attention-deficit (superficially similar to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder);
• increase in psychomotor agitation; and
• steep involvement in pleasurable activities that may have a high potential for negative psycho-social or physical consequences.^[2]

In the hypomanic state, people may feel like they can't slow their mind down, and that all these speeding thoughts are amazingly perfectly crafted. Some examples are speaking or writing in rhyme or alliteration without planning it first; quick responses to people talking; or the ability to improvise easily on the spot. In more severe cases, hypomanic people may actually hear constant music in their head, or see images in their mind racing by.^{[citation needed]} Pressure of speech is a tendency to speak rapidly and frenziedly, as if motivated by an urgency not apparent to the listener. ... In psychology, self-esteem or self-worth is a persons self-image at an emotional level; circumventing reason and logic. ... DISCLAIMER Please remember that Wikipedia is offered for informational use only. ... Psychomotor agitation is a series of unintentional and purposeless motions that stem from mental tension of an individual. ... A rhyme is a repetition of identical or similar sounds in two or more different words and is most often used in poetry and song. ... Alliteration is the repetition of a leading consonant sound in a phrase. ... Improvisation is the act of making something up as you go along. ...

Another type of behavioral response sometimes included as a symptom is emotional flattening or blunted affect. A person may seem unusually cold, uncaring, or arrogant, showing little or no emotional responsiveness.^{[citation needed]} Blunted affect is the scientific term describing a lack of emotional reactivity on the part of an individual. ...

The less severe form of high in bipolar disorder is hypomania. People with this form have increased energy and tend to become more active than usual. They do not, however, have delusions or hallucinations. They do not lose touch with reality in the sense that they know who they are and what is real. What can be a problem, however, is that they tend to overestimate their capabilities and fail to see the obvious risks involved in their ventures. For example, if they are in business, they may suddenly decide to expand in a way that is not really practical or set up schemes for which they are ill prepared. Other forms of less inhibited behavior include reckless driving, gambling, spending sprees and sexual adventures. They may also have lots of new ideas but do not follow them through. They are often very jolly to be with but can quickly become very impatient or unpleasant if they cannot get what they want.

Relationship to mood disorders

Cyclothymia is a condition of continued mood fluctuations between hypomania and depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a Major Depressive Episode. These are often interspersed with periods of normal moods. ^[3] Cyclothymia is a mood disorder. ... It is common to feel sad, discouraged , or down once in a while, and anyone in this state might say they are suffering from depression. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

When a patient presents with a history of one or more hypomanic episodes and one or more depressive episodes that meet the criteria for a Major Depressive Episode, Bipolar II Disorder is diagnosed.^[4] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

If left untreated, hypomania can slip deeper and deeper into mania (and sometimes psychosis), in which case, Bipolar I Disorder is often diagnosed.^{[citation needed]} This article is an expansion of a section entitled Mania from within the main article Bipolar disorder. ... For other uses, see Psychosis (disambiguation). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Treatment

It is unknown to what degree hypomanic symptoms can occur without a depressive component. Patients may be relatively unlikely to seek psychiatric treatment for hypomania alone. However, many hypomanic patients experience:

• lower need for sleep
• racing thoughts
• obsessive behavior, whether mild or severe
• poor judgment relative to a particular situation's judgment call
• uncontrollable, or only partially controllable, impulsivity
• excessive sexual activity

Plus other out-of-character behaviors that the person may regret following the conclusion of the mood episode.

Hypomania can signal the beginning of a more severe manic episode, and often does result in a more severe manic episode if the hypomanic episode remains untreated. A hypomanic episode can also directly precede a depressive episode.

Virtually all clinical trials of medications for the non-depressive phases of bipolar illnesses involve treating patients for psychotic mania during the initial, or acute, phase of mania. Such trials are the basis upon which appropriate medication is recommended; high doses are justified in the case of mania, in order to remove the patient from immediate danger. This is in direct contrast to hypomania, however, which involves different considerations and almost always demands much greater case-by-case clinical judgment. Typical prescribed medications for hypomania include mood stabilizers such as Depakote and lithium carbonate as well as atypical antipsychotics such as Zyprexa and Seroquel. This article is an expansion of a section entitled Mania from within the main article Bipolar disorder. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Valproic acid or 2-Propylpentanoic acid is CH3CH2CH2CH(CH2CH2CH3)COOH . ... Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is a carbonate salt of lithium. ... The atypical antipsychotics (also known as second generation antipsychotics) are a class of prescription medications used to treat psychiatric conditions. ... Olanzapine (Zyprexa® or in a combination with fluoxetine as Symbyax®) was the second atypical antipsychotic to gain FDA approval and has become one of the most commonly used atypical antipsychotics. ... Quetiapine (kwe-TYE-a-peen), marketed by AstraZeneca with the brand name Seroquel, is one of the atypical antipsychotics. ...

Famous people with hypomanic symptoms

Radiohead front man Thom Yorke reportedly responded, "Hypomania? Yes, that's exactly what it was," when asked about his mental state after the release of the group's classic album OK Computer. Iggy Pop was diagnosed with hypomania during his stay in a mental hospital in the mid 1970's. It has also been suggested that Richey Edwards, the "fatalistic Manic Street Preacher" (Mojo magazine, 2003) and the late Syd Barrett of the band Pink Floyd have experienced hypomania. In the biographical documentary An Unreasonable Man, it is speculated that Ralph Nader is also hypomanic. Honoré de Balzac, French author of the Human Comedy, is attributed with having hypomania; his writing sessions continued from midnight to noon, functioning on four hours of sleep. Intermittently during these episodes, Balzac would consume massive amounts of coffee. However, it is far from apparent whether these are based on psychiatric diagnosis: bipolar symptoms are frequently misunderstood, misattributed and glamorized in popular culture. Radiohead are an English alternative rock band from Oxfordshire. ... Thomas Edward Yorke (born 7 October 1968 in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, England) is a Grammy-nominated English musician, best known as the lead singer of the band Radiohead. ... OK Computer is the third album by the English rock band Radiohead, released in 1997. ... James Newell Osterberg, Jr. ... Richey James Edwards (born Richard James Edwards, 22 December 1967) was the co-lyricist and guitarist of the Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers. ... Manic Street Preachers (often known colloquially as the Manics) are a Welsh rock band, consisting of James Dean Bradfield (lead vocals, guitar), Nicky Wire (bass guitar, vocals) and Sean Moore (drums, vocals). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Roger Keith Syd Barrett (6 January 1946 – 7 July 2006) was an English singer, songwriter, guitarist, and artist. ... Pink Floyd are an English rock band that initially earned recognition for their psychedelic or space rock music, and, as they evolved, for their progressive rock music. ... Promotional movie poster for the film An Unreasonable Man is an upcoming 2007 documentary film that traces the life and career of the political activist Ralph Nader. ... Ralph Nader (born February 27, 1934) is an American attorney, author, lecturer, political activist, and candidate for President of the United States in five elections. ... Balzac redirects here. ...

John Gartner's unverified book The Hypomanic Edge claims notable people including Christopher Columbus, Alexander Hamilton, Andrew Carnegie, Howard Zinn and Louis B. Mayer owe their innovativeness and drive, as well as their eccentricities, to hypomanic temperaments; critics, however, assert that Gartner vastly overstates his case. Within the book, though, Gartner does point out that the constructive behaviors associated with hypomania may contribute to bipolar disorder's evolutionary survival. Christopher Columbus (1451 – May 20, 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer and one of the first Europeans to explore the Americas after the Vikings. ... Alexander Hamilton (November 20, 1755 or 1757 - July 12, 1804) was the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, lawyer, Founding Father, American politician, leading statesman, political economist,] financier, and political theorist. ... Andrew Carnegie (properly pronounced , but commonly or )[1] (November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish industrialist, businessman, a major philanthropist, and the founder of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Carnegie Mellon University, and Pittsburghs Carnegie Steel Company, which was later merged... Howard Zinn (born August 24, 1922) is an American historian, political scientist, social critic, activist and playwright, best known as author of the bestseller[5] , A Peoples History of the United States. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

References

1. ^ Hypomania. BehaveNet Clinical Capsules. Retrieved on 2008-01-03.
2. ^ Hypomanic Episode. BehaveNet Clinical Capsules. Retrieved on 2008-01-03.
3. ^ Cyclothymia. BehaveNet Clinical Capsules. Retrieved on 2008-01-03.
4. ^ Bipolar II Disorder. BehaveNet Clinical Capsules. Retrieved on 2008-01-03.

2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Mania
• Bipolar disorder
• Bipolar I
• Bipolar II
• Cyclothymia
• Clinical depression

This article is an expansion of a section entitled Mania from within the main article Bipolar disorder. ... For other uses, see Bipolar. ... Bipolar I is a sub-diagnosis of bipolar disorder. ... Manic depression, with its two principal sub-types, bipolar disorder and major depression, was first clinically described near the end of the 19th century by psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin, who published his account of the disease in his Textbook of Psychiatry. ... Cyclothymia is a mood disorder. ... On the Threshold of Eternity. ...

External links

• Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance - Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance
• DSM-IV definition
• Hypomanic Nation
• Bipolar infidelity and hypersexuality
• Bipolar disorder and spending sprees
• Hypomania- often missed , often troublesome