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Please help improve this article by removing or rewriting the how-to content, which may qualify for a move to Wikibooks. | Hypothermia is a condition in which an organism's temperature drops below that Required fOr normal metabolism and Bodily functionS. In warm-blooded animals, core [[body Temperature]] is maintained nEar a constant leVel through biologic [[homEostasis]]. But wheN the body iS exposed to cold Its internal mechanismS may be unable to replenish the heat that is beinG lost to the orgAnism's surroundings. Image File history File links Emblem-important. ...
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The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ...
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). ...
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ...
The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ...
A few of the metabolic pathways in a cell. ...
A warm-blooded (homeothermic) animal is one that can keep its core body temperature at a nearly constant level regardless of the temperature of the surrounding environment (that is, to maintain thermal homeostasis) . This can involve not only the ability to generate heat, but also the ability to cool down...
HYpothermia is the opposite of hyperthermia. Because the words sound alike, they are easily confused. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Stages in humans
Normal body temperature in humans is 37°C (98.6°F). Hypothermia can be divided in three stages of severity. This article is about modern humans. ...
Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ...
For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ...
In stage 1, body temperature drops by 1-2°C below normal temperature (1.8-3.6°F). Mild to strong shivering occurs. The victim is unable to perform complex tasks with the hands; the hands become numb. Blood vessels in the outer extremities contract, lessening heat loss to the outside air. Breathing becomes quick and shallow. Goose bumps form, raising body hair on end in an attempt to create an insulating layer of air around the body (limited use in humans due to lack of sufficient hair, but useful in other species). Often, a person will experience a warm sensation, as if they have recovered, but they are in fact heading into Stage 2. Another test to see if the person is entering stage 2 is if they are unable to touch their thumb with their little finger; this is the first stage of muscles not working. Shivering is a human bodily function in response to cold. ...
Goose bumps on a human Goose bumps, also called goose pimples, goose flesh, chill bumps, chicken skin, or the medical term cutis anserina, are the bumps on a persons skin at the base of body hairs which involuntarily develop when a person is cold or experiences strong emotions such...
Thermal insulation on the Huygens probe The term thermal insulation can refer to materials used to reduce the rate of heat transfer, or the methods and processes used to reduce heat transfer. ...
In stage 2, body temperature drops by 2-4°C (3.6-7.2°F). Shivering becomes more violent. Muscle mis-coordination becomes apparent. Movements are slow and labored, accompanied by a stumbling pace and mild confusion, although the victim may appear alert. Surface blood vessels contract further as the body focuses its remaining resources on keeping the vital organs warm. The victim becomes pale. Lips, ears, fingers and toes may become blue.
In stage 3, body temperature drops below approximately 32°C (90°F). Shivering usually stops. Difficulty speaking, sluggish thinking, and amnesia start to appear; inability to use hands and stumbling are also usually present. Cellular metabolic processes shut down. Below 30°C (86°F) the exposed skin becomes blue and puffy, muscle coordination very poor, walking nearly impossible, and the victim exhibits incoherent/irrational behavior including terminal burrowing or even a stupor. Pulse and respiration rates decrease significantly but fast heart rates (ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation) can occur. Major organs fail. Clinical death occurs. Because of decreased cellular activity in stage 3 hypothermia, the body will actually take longer to undergo brain death. Terminal burrowing is a behavior pattern occurring in the last stages of hypothermia whereby the afflicted will seek to enter small, enclosed spaces, such as wardrobes, cupboards, and closets. ...
For other uses, see Pulse (disambiguation). ...
// In animal physiology, respiration is the transport of oxygen from the ambient air to the tissue cells and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. ...
Clinical death occurs when a patients heartbeat and breathing have stopped. ...
Brain death is defined as a complete and irreversible cessation of brain activity. ...
First aid |
| This article or section contains instructions, advice, or how-to content.
The purpose of Wikipedia is to present facts, not to teach subject matter.
Please help improve this article by removing or rewriting the how-to content, which may qualify for a move to Wikibooks. | - If any symptoms of hypothermia are present, especially confusion or changes in mental status, the local emergency service should be immediately contacted.
- If the person is unconscious, check their airway, breathing, and circulation. Pulse check should take at least 45 seconds, as the heart rate may be extremely slow. If necessary, begin rescue breathing or CPR. If the victim is breathing less than 6 breaths per minute, begin rescue breathing.
- Take the person inside to room temperature and cover him or her with warm blankets. If going indoors is not possible, get the person out of the wind and use a blanket to provide insulation from the cold ground. Cover the person's head and neck to help retain body heat.
- Once inside, remove any wet or constricting clothes and replace them with dry clothing.
- Warm the person. Apply warm compresses or packs to the neck, chest wall, armpits and groin. If the person is alert and can easily swallow, give warm, sweetened, non-alcoholic fluids to aid the warming.
- Stay with the person until medical help arrives.
- Assume that you should obtain a doctor if the victim has been exposed for 24 hours or more.
- Do not use direct heat (such as hot water, a heating pad, or a heat lamp) to warm the person.
- Do not give the person alcohol - alcohol acts as a vasodilator, increasing blood flow to the body's extremities, and thereby increasing heat loss.[1]
- Do not rub the person's limbs because this may cause further tissue damage.
- Handle with extreme care and gently. Any rough handling of an extremely hypothermic person could cause their heart to stop.
Image File history File links Emblem-important. ...
Wikibooks logo Wikibooks, previously called Wikimedia Free Textbook Project and Wikimedia-Textbooks, is a wiki for the creation of books. ...
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of First Aid ABC (and extensions of this acronym) is a mnemonic for memorizing essential steps in dealing with an unconscious or unresponsive patient. ...
For other meanings of CPR, see CPR (disambiguation). ...
Vasodilation is where blood vessels in the body become wider following the relaxation of the smooth muscle in the vessel wall. ...
Hospital treatment In a hospital, warming is accomplished by external techniques (blankets, warming devices) for mild hypothermia and by more invasive techniques such as warm fluids injected in the veins or even lavage (washing) of the bladder, stomach, chest and abdominal cavities with warmed fluids for severely hypothermic patients.[citation needed] These patients are at high risk for arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), and care must be taken to minimize jostling and other disturbances until they have been sufficiently warmed, as these arrhythmias are very difficult to treat while the victim is still cold. An important tenet of treatment is that a person is not dead until they are warm and dead. Remarkable accounts of recovery after prolonged cardiac arrest have been reported in patients with hypothermia. This is presumably because the low temperature prevents some of the cellular damage that occurs when blood flow and oxygen are lost for an extended period of time. In medicine, lavage is a general term refering to cleaning or rinsing. ...
A cardiac arrhythmia, also called cardiac dysrhythmia, is a disturbance in the regular rhythm of the heartbeat. ...
Prevention In air, most heat is lost through the head;[2] hypothermia can thus be most effectively prevented by covering the head. Having appropriate clothing for the environment is another important prevention. Fluid-retaining materials like cotton can be a hypothermia risk; if the wearer gets sweaty on a cold day, then cools down, they will have sweat-soaked clothing in the cold air. For outdoor exercise on a cold day, it is advisable to wear fabrics which can "wick" away sweat moisture. These include wool or synthetic fabrics designed specifically for rapid drying. Long and short hair wool at the South Central Family Farm Research Center in Boonesville, Arizona Wool is the fiber derived from the fur of animals and people of the Caprinae family, principally sheep, but the hair of certain species of other mammals such as goats and rabbits and oxes...
Heat is lost much faster in water. Children can die of hypothermia in as little as two hours in water as warm as 16°C (61°F, 289K), typical of sea surface temperatures in temperate countries such as Great Britain in early summer. Many seaside safety information sources fail to quote survival times in water, and the consequent importance of diving suits. This is possibly because the original research into hypothermia mortality in water was carried out in wartime Germany on unwilling subjects.[citation needed] There is ongoing debate as to the ethical basis of using the data thus acquired. The kelvin (symbol: K) is a unit increment of temperature and is one of the seven SI base units. ...
Two divers, one wearing a 1 atmosphere diving suit and the other standard diving dress, preparing to explore the wreck of the RMS Lusitania, 1935 A diving suit is a garment or device designed to protect a diver from the underwater environment. ...
There is considerable evidence, however, that children who suffer near-drowning accidents in water near 0°C (32°F, 273 K) can be revived up to two hours after losing consciousness. The cold water considerably lowers metabolism, allowing the brain to withstand a much longer period of hypoxia. A few of the metabolic pathways in a cell. ...
Hypoxia is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole (generalised hypoxia) or region of the body (tissue hypoxia) is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. ...
Medically induced -
Hypothermia being induced by using water circulated through heat-conducting pads Induced hypothermia (also known as therapeutic hypothermia) is the intentional induction of hypothermia for medical purposes. ...
Paradoxical undressing 20% to 50% of hypothermal deaths are associated with, or even caused by, a phenomenon known as paradoxical undressing. When this occurs, the hypothermic victim becomes seriously confused and starts discarding clothing they have been wearing, a counter-productive action which increases the rate of temperature loss.[3] There have been several published case studies of victims throwing off their clothes before help reached them. [4] Paradoxical undressing is the removal of clothes, blankets, or other coverings by those suffering severe hypothermia. ...
Rescuers who are trained in mountain survival techniques have been taught to expect this effect. However, the phenomenon still regularly leads police to incorrectly assume that urban victims of hypothermia have been subjected to a sexual assault. [citation needed]
One explanation for the effect is a cold-inducted malfunction of the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that regulates body temperature. Another explanation is that the muscles contracting peripheral blood vessels become exhausted and relax, leading to a sudden surge of blood (and heat) to the extremities, fooling the victim into feeling warm. The hypothalamus links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis). ...
See also This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Technicians prepare a patient for cryopreservation. ...
First aid is a series of simple, life-saving medical techniques that a non-doctor or layman can be trained to perform. ...
This article is about a medical condition. ...
The heat escape lessening position, or HELP, is a way to position oneself to reduce heat loss in cold water. ...
This article refers to the process of hibernation in biology. ...
Mountain rescue refers to search and rescue activities that occur in a mountainous environment, although the term is sometimes also used to apply to search and rescue in other wilderness environments. ...
Torpor is a state of regulated hypothermia in an endotherm lasting for periods ranging from just a few hours to several months. ...
Terminal burrowing behavior is a term used to describe a paradoxical undressing followed by the seeking of shelter sometimes observed in human cases of life-threatening hypothermia. ...
Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when temperature surrounding is very different. ...
A winter sport is a sport commonly played during winter. ...
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) or brown fat is one of the two types of adipose tissue (the other being white adipose tissue) that is present in many newborn or hibernating mammals. ...
References
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