ICANN headquarters

ICANN (IPA /aɪkæn/) is the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. Headquartered in Marina Del Rey, California, ICANN is a California non-profit corporation that was created on September 18, 1998 in order to oversee a number of Internet-related tasks previously performed directly on behalf of the U.S. Government by other organizations, notably IANA. Image File history File links Icann. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 785 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1324 × 1011 pixel, file size: 413 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The office tower in Marina Del Rey, California which is home to the University of Southern Californias Information Sciences Institute (occupies several floors) and the... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 785 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1324 × 1011 pixel, file size: 413 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The office tower in Marina Del Rey, California which is home to the University of Southern Californias Information Sciences Institute (occupies several floors) and the... IPA may refer to: The International Phonetic Alphabet or India Pale Ale ... Marina del Rey Marina del Rey (Spanish for Navy of the King, or Seacoast of the King) is a census-designated place seaside community located in an unincorporated area of Los Angeles County, California. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... A non-profit organization (often called non-profit org or simply non-profit or not-for-profit) can be seen as an organization that doesnt have a goal to make a profit. ... Corporate redirects here. ... September 18 is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years). ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... This article describes the government of the United States. ... The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the entity that oversees global IP address allocation, DNS root zone management, and other Internet protocol assignments. ...

The tasks of ICANN include managing the assignment of domain names and IP addresses. To date, much of its work has concerned the introduction of new generic top-level domains. The technical work of ICANN is referred to as the IANA function; the rest of ICANN is mostly concerned with defining policy. The term domain name has multiple related meanings: A name that identifies a computer or computers on the internet. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A top-level domain (TLD) is the last part of an Internet domain name; that is, the letters which follow the final dot of any domain name. ... The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the entity that oversees global IP address allocation, DNS root zone management, and other Internet protocol assignments. ...

On September 29, 2006, ICANN signed a new agreement with the United States Department of Commerce (DOC) that is a step forward toward the full management of the Internet's system of centrally coordinated identifiers through the multi-stakeholder model of consultation that ICANN represents.^[1] September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The United States Department of Commerce is a Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting economic growth. ...

Paul Twomey is the President/CEO of ICANN, since March 27, 2003. Internet inventor Vint Cerf is currently Chairman of the ICANN Board of Directors. Dr Paul Twomey (born 18 July, ????) is the Chief Executive Officer and President of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). ... March 27 is the 86th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (87th in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Vinton Gray Cerf (born June 23, 1943) (last name pronounced just like the English word surf) is a American computer scientist who is commonly referred to as one of the founding fathers of the Internet for his key technical and managerial role, together with Bob Kahn, in the creation of...

Structure of ICANN

At present, ICANN is formally organized as a non-profit corporation "for charitable and public purposes" under the California Nonprofit Public Benefit Corporation Law. It is managed by a Board of Directors, which is composed by six representatives of the Supporting Organizations, sub-groups that deal with specific sections of the policies under ICANN's purview; eight independent representatives of the general public interest, selected through a Nominating Committee in which all the constituencies of ICANN are represented; and the President and CEO, appointed by the rest of the Board.

The Supporting Organizations are currently three: the Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO) deals with policy making on generic top-level domains (gTLDs); the Country Code Names Supporting Organization (ccNSO) deals with policy making on country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs); the Address Supporting Organization (ASO) deals with policy making on IP addresses. A generic top-level domain (gTLD) is a top-level domain used (at least in theory) by a particular class of organization. ... The Country Code Names Supporting Organization (ccNSO) of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is the policy-development body for a narrow range of global issues regarding country code top-level domains (ccTLD) within the ICANN structure. ... A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ... The Address Supporting Organization (ASO) is a supporting organization affiliated with ICANN. Its members make up the Address Council. ...

ICANN also relies on some advisory committees to receive advice on the interests and needs of stakeholders that do not directly participate in the Supporting Organization. These include the Governmental Advisory Committee (GAC), which is composed by representatives of a great number of national governments from all the world; the At-Large Advisory Committee (ALAC), which is composed by representatives of organizations of individual Internet users from all the world; the Root Server System Advisory Committee, providing advice on the operation of the DNS root server system; the Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC), composed by Internet experts who study security issues pertaining to ICANN's mandate; and the Technical Liaison Group (TLG), composed by representatives of other international technical organizations of the Internet. The At-Large Advisory Committee (ALAC) is an advisory committee to ICANN, the organization that administers the Internets Domain Name System and addressing system. ...

ICANN procedures

ICANN holds periodic public meetings rotated between continents for the expressed purpose of encouraging global participation in its processes. Critics argue that the locations of these meetings are often in countries with lower Internet usage and far away from locations that the majority of the Internet-using public can afford to reach, thus making public input or participation from traditional Internet users less likely. Supporters reply that ICANN has a worldwide remit and a key part of its mission is to build Internet use where it is weak.

ICANN was set up in California due to the presence of Jon Postel, who was a founder of ICANN and was set to be its first CTO prior to his unexpected death. ICANN remains in the same building where he worked, which is home to an office of the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California. Jon Postel (Photo by Irene Fertik, USC News Service. ... ÂÂThe Information Sciences Institute (ISI) of the University of Southern California is involved in a broad spectrum of information processing research and in the development of advanced computer and communication technologies. ... Doheny Library. ...

Resolutions of the ICANN Board, preliminary reports and minutes of the meetings are published for the public to view on the ICANN website. However there are criticisms from ICANN constituencies like Noncommercial Users Constituency (NCUC) and At-Large Advisory Committee (ALAC) that there is not enough public disclosure and that too many discussions take place out of sight of the public. The At-Large Advisory Committee (ALAC) is an advisory committee to ICANN, the organization that administers the Internets Domain Name System and addressing system. ... Over seventy countries around the world have implemented some form of freedom of information legislation, which sets rules on access to information or records held by government bodies, the oldest being Swedens Freedom of the Press Act of 1766. ...

UDRP

One task that ICANN was asked to do was to address the issue of domain name ownership resolution for generic top-level domains (gTLDs). ICANN's attempt at such a policy was drafted in close cooperation with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and the result has now become known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). A generic top-level domain (gTLD) is a top-level domain used (at least in theory) by a particular class of organization. ... Headquarters in Geneva The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. ... The Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) is a document used by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) for the purpose of creating guidelines for use when disputes arise regarding the registration of internet names (domain names). ...

This policy essentially attempts to provide a mechanism for rapid, cheap and reasonable resolution of domain name conflicts, avoiding the traditional court system for disputes by allowing cases to be brought to one of a set of bodies that arbitrate domain name disputes. According to ICANN policy, a domain registrant MUST agree to be bound by the UDRP - they cannot get a domain name without agreeing to this.

A look at the UDRP decision patterns by Hannibal Travis^[2] has led some^{[citation needed]} to the conclusion that the policy is just a way for rich and powerful entities to steal domains from those that are not part of the WIPO organization.

Notable events in ICANN history

The original mandate for ICANN came from the United States Government, spanning the presidential administrations of both Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. On January 30, 1998, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), an agency of the US Department of Commerce, issued for comment, "A Proposal to Improve the Technical Management of Internet Names and Addresses". The proposed rule making, or "Green Paper", was published in the Federal Register on February 20, 1998, providing opportunity for public comment. NTIA received more than 650 comments, as of March 23, 1998, when the comment period closed. William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... The United States Department of Commerce is a Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting economic growth. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ...

The Green Paper proposed certain actions designed to privatize the management of Internet names and addresses in a manner that allows for the development of robust competition and facilitates global participation in Internet management. The Green Paper proposed for discussion a variety of issues relating to DNS management including private sector creation of a new not-for-profit corporation (the "new corporation") managed by a globally and functionally representative Board of Directors. ICANN was formed in response to this policy. The IANA function currently exists under a remit from the U.S. Department of Commerce. The United States Department of Commerce is a Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting economic growth. ...

On March 14, 2002, in a public meeting in Accra, in Ghana, ICANN decided to reduce direct public ("at large") participation. March 14 is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Accra, population 1,970,400 (2005), is the capital of Ghana. ...

One of a few publicly elected board members, Karl Auerbach, sued ICANN in Superior Court in California in order to see accounting records without being required to sign a non-disclosure agreement. The records were ultimately released to the public in August 2002. Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... A non-disclosure agreement (NDA), also called a confidential disclosure agreement (CDA), confidentiality agreement or secrecy agreement, is a legal contract between at least two parties which outlines confidential materials or knowledge the parties wish to share with one another for certain purposes, but wish to restrict from generalized use. ... August 2002 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December // See also: Afghanistan timeline August 2002 Israeli-Palestinian conflict: A Palestinian suicide bombing claims 9 lives, near Safed; there is a shooting attack in Jerusalem, claiming 2; there is an attack upon a settler family, killing...

In September and October 2003 ICANN played a crucial role in the conflict over VeriSign's "wild card" DNS service Site Finder. After an open letter from ICANN issuing an ultimatum to VeriSign, the company voluntarily shut down the service on October 4, 2003. Following this step VeriSign filed a lawsuit against ICANN on February 27, 2004, claiming that ICANN had overstepped its authority, seeking through the suit to reduce ambiguity over ICANN's authority. The anti-trust component of VeriSign's claim was dismissed in August 2004. VeriSign's broader challenge that ICANN overstepped its contractual rights is currently outstanding, although a proposed settlement approved by ICANN's board would drop VeriSign's challenge to ICANN in exchange for the right to increase pricing on .COM domains. VeriSign, Inc. ... Site Finder was a wildcard DNS record for all . ... October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

At the meeting of ICANN in Rome taking place from March 2 to March 6, 2004, ICANN agreed to ask approval of the US Department of Commerce for the Waiting List Service of VeriSign. Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... March 2 is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... March 6 is the 65th day of the year (66th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Department of Commerce is a Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting economic growth. ... A wait-listing service (WLS) provided by a domain name registry provides the ability to option a domain name that is already registered. ...

On May 17, 2004, ICANN published a proposed budget for the year 2004-05. It included proposals to increase the openness and professionalism of its operations, and greatly increased its proposed spending, from US $8.27m to $15.83m. The increase was to be funded by the introduction of new top-level domains, charges to domain registries, and a fee for some domain name registrations, renewals and transfers (initially USD 0.20 for all domains within a country-code top-level domain, and USD 0.25 for all others). The Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries (CENTR), which represents the Internet registries of 39 countries, rejected the increase, accusing ICANN of a lack of financial prudence and criticising what it describes as ICANN's "unrealistic political and operational targets". Despite the criticism, the registry agreement for the top-level domains .JOBS and .TRAVEL includes a US $2 fee on every domain the licensed companies sell or renew.^[3] May 17 is the 137th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (138th in leap years). ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A top-level domain (TLD) is the last part of an Internet domain name; that is, the letters which follow the final dot of any domain name. ... A domain name registry, also called Network Information Centre (NIC), is part of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet which converts domain names to IP addresses. ... The Council of European National Top-Level Domain Registries (CENTR) is an international organization established to act as a peak body of top-level domain name registries. ... The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is an organisation that oversees IP address, top level domain and Internet protocol code point allocations. ...

Along with the successful negotiations of the .TRAVEL and .JOBS namespace, .MOBI, and .CAT are some of the new top-level domains introduced by ICANN. The additional introduction of the .EU Top Level Domain to the root, and the proposed .ASIA multiregional suffix are developments to watch. .travel is a top-level domain approved by ICANN as a sponsored TLD in the second group of new TLD applications evaluated in 2004. ... .jobs is a top-level domain approved by ICANN on April 8, 2005 as a sponsored TLD as part of the second group of new TLD applications submitted in 2004. ... .mobi (also known as DotMobi) is a top-level domain approved by ICANN and managed by the mTLD global registry dedicated to delivering the Internet to mobile devices via the Mobile Web. ... .cat is a top-level domain submitted to ICANN for approval as a sponsored TLD. It would be used to highlight Catalan language and culture. ... A top-level domain (TLD) is the last part of which Internet domain names consist of. ... .asia is a generic top-level domain proposed by the DotAsia Organization, with the back-end registry to be operated by Afilias. ...

After an extensive build-up that saw speculation that the United Nations might signal a takeover of ICANN,^[4] the World Summit on the Information Society in Tunisia in November 2005 agreed not to get involved in the day-to-day and technical operations of ICANN. However it also agreed to set up an international Internet Governance Forum, with a consultative role on the future governance of the Internet. ICANN's Government Advisory Committee or GAC, is currently set up to provide advice to ICANN regarding public policy issues and has participation by many of the world's governments. The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was a series of United Nations-sponsored conferences about information and communication that took place in 2003 and 2005. ... The Internet Governance Forum (IGF) is a global venue under the auspices of the United Nations, established to accommodate multi–stakeholder policy dialogue in the field of internet governance. ...

On February 28, 2006, ICANN's board approved a settlement with VeriSign in the lawsuit resulting from SiteFinder that involved allowing VeriSign (the registry) to raise its registration fees by up to 7% a year.^[5] This was criticised by some people in the US House of Representatives' Small Business committee.^[6] February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The House of Representatives is the larger of two houses that make up the U.S. Congress, the other being the United States Senate. ... The U.S. Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship is a standing committee of the United States Senate. ...

On May 10, 2006 ICANN rejected a plan for a new ".xxx" suffix that would have been designated for websites with pornographic content. The rejection followed an initial acceptance of the ".xxx" suffix, following pressure applied by the United States government, including strong hints that the Commerce department would depart from its usual rubber-stamp approval of ICANN's gTLD decisions. ICANN's rejection of ".xxx" was taken by many as a sign of too much U.S. government interference into ICANN's workings.^{[citation needed]} May 10 is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... .xxx is a proposed top-level domain (TLD) intended as a voluntary option for sexually explicit sites on the Internet. ... Pornographic movies Pornography (Porn) (from Greek πόρνη (porne) prostitute and γραφή (grafe) writing), more informally referred to as porn or porno, is the explicit representation of the human body or sexual activity with the goal of sexual arousal. ... .xxx is a proposed top-level domain (TLD) intended as a voluntary option for sexually explicit sites on the Internet. ... .xxx is a proposed top-level domain (TLD) intended as a voluntary option for sexually explicit sites on the Internet. ...

ICANN rejected .XXX again on March 30, 2007 during its meeting at Lisbon, Portugual. March 30 is the 89th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (90th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

On July 26, 2006, the United States Government renewed the contract with ICANN for performance of the IANA function for an additional one to five years. The context of ICANN's relationship with the US Government was clarified on September 29, 2006 when ICANN signed a new Memorandum of Understanding with the United States Department of Commerce (DOC). July 26 is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the entity that oversees global IP address allocation, DNS root zone management, and other Internet protocol assignments. ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The United States Department of Commerce is a Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting economic growth. ...

In February 2007, ICANN began the steps to remove accreditation of one of their registrars, RegisterFly, amid charges and lawsuits involving fraud, and criticism of ICANN's handling of the situation. ICANN has also been the subject of criticism, due to their handling of RegisterFly, and the harm caused to thousands of clients due to what was called their "laissez faire attitude toward customer allegations of fraud".^[7] RegisterFly was a New Jersey (US) based internet hosting and domain name registrar that had their ICANN-accredited status terminated in March 2007, but is still accredited pending an arbitration hearing. ...

Arguments about ICANN

Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ...

Internationalization

It has been suggested publicly that ICANN should internationalize, in that it should be seen as an international public organization and should remove historical contractual links to the U.S. Government and the U.S. Department of Commerce. The United States Department of Commerce is a Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting economic growth. ...

To counteract this argument, supporters note that of the 15 voting members of the ICANN Board of Directors, it currently has board members from six continents, and has only four US Directors:

• ICANN Chairman, Vint Cerf, a noted "Father of the Internet" who was appointed by ICANN's Nominating Committee;
• Rita Rodin, a New York attorney who was appointed by ICANN's Generic Name Supporting Organization or GNSO in 2006;
• Steven N. Goldstein retired from the National Science Foundation in 2003, was selected by the 2006 Nominating Committee to serve as a Board Member.
• Susan Crawford, Associate Professor of Law at Cardozo Law School in New York City. Susan was appointed to the Board by the Nominating Committee in 2005.

The authority that the U.S. Government holds via contracts with ICANN and Commerce stems from the historical role of the United States in creating the Internet. Support from National Top Level Domain Internet registries has improved drastically in 2006, but for some, there has not been universal acceptance of ICANN's legitimacy. Vinton Gray Cerf (born June 23, 1943) (last name pronounced just like the English word surf) is a American computer scientist who is commonly referred to as one of the founding fathers of the Internet for his key technical and managerial role, together with Bob Kahn, in the creation of... A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ... The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is an organisation that oversees IP address, top level domain and Internet protocol code point allocations. ...

To counteract this argument, opponents note that the ICANN link to the American Government no longer reflects the international nature of the Internet.

Governance issues

ICANN was charged with "Operating in a bottom up, consensus driven, democratic manner" by the US Department of Commerce in the Memorandum of Understanding that set up the relationship between ICANN and the US Government. However, the attempts that ICANN made to set up an organizational structure that would allow wide input from the global Internet community did not work well; the At-Large constituency and direct election of board members by the global Internet community were soon abandoned. This does not cite its references or sources. ...

Proponents of an unrestricted namespace argue that ICANN was never given the right to decide policy (ie: choose new TLDs or shut out other who refuse to pay their USD 50,000 fee), but was to be a technical caretaker. They claim that ICANN should not be allowed to impose business rules on market participants - all TLDs should be added on a first-come-first-served basis and the market should be the arbiter of who succeeds and who doesn't. Look up policy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The practice or policy which dictates that individuals seeking service shall have it rendered in an order identical to that of the request for said service. ...

In addition to that, a member of the European Parliament, William Newton-Dunn, has recently been addressing questions to the European Commission which asks whether ICANN is engaging in restraint of European free trade laws by imposing restrictions on who can operate a TLD and sell domain names. The restrictions are considered insurmountable by many small business owners and individuals, such as the non-refundable $50,000 application fee.

Alternatives

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Alternatives to ICANN have been suggested for managing the DNS namespace and the address space, including: Image File history File links Circle-question. ...

• Letting the US Government perform ICANN's tasks directly
• Assigning ICANN's tasks to the International Telecommunication Union
• Turning ICANN into a new UN agency
• Letting the Regional Internet Registries manage the addresses
• Abandoning all control and letting the DNS namespace be a free-for-all
• Creating a new non-profit organisation without any links to the current interested parties

As of February 2006, no single proposal has enough political push behind it to succeed. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU; French: Union internationale des télécommunications, Spanish: Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones) is an international organization established to standardize and regulate international radio and telecommunications. ... This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ... A Regional Internet Registry (RIR) is an organisation overseeing the allocation and registration of Internet number resources within a particular region of the world. ...

In addition, a number of private, for-profit firms are trying to "seize the opportunity" of namespace development by creating new TLDs in alternative DNS roots. Chief among them are Amsterdam-based UnifiedRoot and New.net, which started off as one of Bill Gross' Idealab projects. These initiatives assume (or hope) that the discussions around ICANN will result in a free-for-all, where they will be able to claim that their namespaces are "as good as anyone else's". In addition to the Internets main DNS root (currently consisting of 13 nominal root nameservers working in agreement with ICANN), several organizations operate alternative DNS roots (often referred to as alt roots). ... New. ... Bill Gross (fl. ... Idealab (formerly known as idealab!) is a technology incubator — possibly the most famous business incubator of the dot-com era. ...

See also

• Domain name
• Domain name registrar
• Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy
• Internet democracy
• IANA

The term domain name has multiple related meanings: A name that identifies a computer or computers on the internet. ... A domain name registrar is a company accredited, either by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), or by a national ccTLD authority or both, to register Internet domain names . ... The Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) is a document used by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) for the purpose of creating guidelines for use when disputes arise regarding the registration of internet names (domain names). ... Internet democracy is a derivative term for e-democracy (electronic democracy), especially related to projects and concepts centered on using the Internet (and not other electronic communications technologies like short message services or teletext) for deliberative and participatory aims. ... The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the entity that oversees global IP address allocation, DNS root zone management, and other Internet protocol assignments. ...

Footnotes

1. ^ http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/domainname/agreements/jpa/ICANNJPA_09292006.htm
2. ^ Hannibal Travis, The Battle for Mindshare: the Emerging Consensus that the First Amendment Protects Corporate Criticism and Parody on the Internet, 10 Virginia Journal of Law and Technology 3, 32-34 (2005), http://www.vjolt.net/vol10/issue1/v10i1_a3-Travis.pdf
3. ^ "ICANN imposes $2 internet tax", The Register, March 31, 2005. 
4. ^ "U.N. Summit to Focus on Internet", Washington Post, December 5, 2003. 
5. ^ ICANN announcement [1], retrieved November 1, 2006
6. ^ http://news.com.com/Domain+name+price+hikes+come+under+fire/2100-1030_3-6081336.html?tag=nefd.top
7. ^ The Register, Burke Hansen Of ICANN and the Registerfly meltdown, March 3, 2007

March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (91st in leap years), with 275 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 5 is the 339th day (340th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

References

• "Bush administration annexes internet", The Register, July 1, 2005. 
• "Power grab could split the net", CNET, October 3, 2005.  (Includes discussion.)
• "ICANN is becoming open", The Register, July 27, 2006. 
• Franda, Marcus, The Emergence of an International Regime, ISBN 1-55587-999-3
• Wass, Erica, Addressing the World, ISBN 0-7425-2809-X
• Paré, Daniel J. Internet Governance in Transition, ISBN 0-7425-1846-9
• Mueller, Milton L. Ruling the Root, ISBN 0-262-13412-8
• Froomkin, A. Michael Wrong Turn in Cyberspace: Using ICANN to Route Around the APA and the Constitution, 50 Duke Law Journal17 (2000)
• Tim Schumacher, Thomas Ernstschneider & Andrea Wiehager Domain-Namen im Internet (text in German), ISBN 3-540-42910-7

July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 3 is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 27 is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

External links

• ICANN web-site
• Memorandum of Understanding Between the Department of Commerce and the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
• ICANNWatch
• Site advocating the return of public representation in ICANN
• VeriSign Domain Report - Quarterly analysis of global domain name market
• DailyChanges.com - a Free ICANN Registrar Statistics site