ISO 7812, first published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1989, is the international standard governing magnetic stripe identification cards, such as door entry cards, automated teller machine (ATM) cards, and credit cards. Credit card numbers are in fact ISO 7812 numbers. The maximum length of such a number is 19 digits. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from national standards bodies. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Marcus Boltonas (Mark Boltan) Marcus Boltonas Brief history The magnetic stripe which is often reffered to as the Bolton is derived from the Marcus Boltonas from the Jurassic period. ... An NCR interior, multi-function ATM in the USA Smaller indoor ATMs dispense money inside convenience stores and other busy areas, such as this off-premise Wincor Nixdorf mono-function ATM in Sweden. ... Credit cards A credit card is a system of payment, named after the small plastic card issued to users of the system. ... In mathematics and computer science, a numerical digit is a symbol, e. ...

A ISO 7812 contains a single-digit major industry identifier (MII), a six-digit issuer identifier number (IIN), an account number, and a single digit checksum. The major industry identifier is considered to be part of the issuer identifier number. A checksum is a form of redundancy check, a very simple measure for protecting the integrity of data by detecting errors in data that is sent through space (telecommunications) or time (storage). ...

Major industry identifier

The major industry identifier (MII) is the first digit of the ISO 7812 number. It identifies the industry within which the card is to be used.

If the major industry identifier is 9 the next three digits are the numeric-3 country code from ISO 3166-1. ISO 3166-1, as part of the ISO 3166 standard, provides codes for the names of countries and dependent areas. ...

Issuer Identifier Number

The first six digits, including the major industry identifier, compose the issuer identifier number (IIN). This identifies the issuing organisation. The American Bankers Association is the registration authority for IINs. The official ISO registry of IINs, the "ISO Register of Card Issuer Identification Numbers", is not available to the general public. It is only available to institutitions which hold IINs, issue plastic cards, or act as a financial network or processor. Institutions in the third category must sign a license agreement before they are given access to the registry. Several IINs are well known, especially those representing credit card issuers. The American Bankers Association (ABA) is a free-trade and professional association that promotes and advocates issues important to the banking industry in the United States. ... A registration authority or maintenance agency is a body given the responsibility of maintaining lists of codes under international standards and issuing new codes to those wishing to register them. ... The numbers found on credit cards have a certain amount of internal structure, and share a common numbering scheme. ...

Donald E. Eastlake wrote a series of Internet Drafts—the final of which was draft-eastlake-card-map-08.txt ("ISO 7812/7816 Numbers and the Domain Name System (DNS)", issued February 2001, expired August 2001)—proposing the lookup of card issuers automatically based on the IIN using the domain name system. Although the domain name for doing this, reg.int, was registered by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) the proposal foundered due to the opposition of the ISO 7812 and ISO 7816 registration authorities, who were concerned that this proposal would make the ISO IIN registry publicly available. Internet Drafts (IDs) are a series of documents published by the IETF. They are drafts for RFCs. ... The domain name system (DNS) stores and associates many types of information with domain names, but most importantly, it translates domain names (computer hostnames) to IP addresses. ... 2001 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Events: February - Iraq disarmament crisis: British and U.S. forces carry out bombing raids attempting to disable Iraqs air defense network. ... 2001 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Deaths: August 25 - Aaliyah Films: August 10 - Osmosis Jones played by Chris Rock, starring Bill Murray August 24 - Bubble Boy Categories: 2001 by month ... For other uses of IANA, see IANA (disambiguation). ... ISO 7816 is an international standard related to electronic identification cards, especially smart cards, managed jointly by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). ...

The secrecy regarding the official ISO registry of IINs is probably motivated by concern for security through obscurity. However many people argue that this—and any attempt at security through obscurity—is pointless for a number of reasons. Knowing the contents of the IIN registry would be of limited help in carrying out fraud. The most common IINs (such as those for credit card companies Visa and MasterCard) are already widely known, and someone seeking to reconstruct the ISO registry could find the most common entries just by asking a large number of people to tell them their card type and the first five digits of their card. In cryptography and computer security, security through obscurity (sometimes security by obscurity) is to some a controversial principle in security engineering, which attempts to use secrecy (of design, implementation, etc. ... Visa is a brand of credit card and debit card operated by the Visa International Service Association of San Francisco, California, USA, an economic joint venture of 21,000 financial institutions that issue and market Visa products. ... MasterCard Worldwide (NYSE: MA) is a membership organization owned by the 25,000+ financial institutions that issue its card. ...

Account Number

The account number consists of digits seven to second last, a maximum of 12 digits.

Check digit

The final digit is a check digit. This is calculated with the Luhn algorithm. A check digit is a form of redundancy check used for error detection, the decimal equivalent of a binary checksum. ... The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the modulus 10 or mod 10 algorithm, is a simple checksum formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers, such as credit card numbers and Canadian Social Insurance Numbers. ...