For the Australian Minister for Industry, see Hon Ian Macfarlane.

Ian Macfarlane (born 22 June 1946), Australian economist, has been Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), Australia's central bank, since September 1996. He is also Chairman of the Payments System Board of the Reserve Bank and Chairman of the Council of Financial Regulators.

Macfarlane was educated at Monash University, Melbourne and tutored in economics there before joining the RBA in 1970. From 1971–72 he worked at the Institute of Economics and Statistics at Oxford University, the moved to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in Paris, where he served until 1978, before returning to the RBA. He became head of the bank's Research Department in 1988, Assistant Governor (Economic) in 1990, Deputy Governor in 1992 and Governor in 1996.

In January 2004 Macfarlane was awarded Australia's highest honour, Companion in the General Division of the Order of Australia (AC). He was honoured "for service to the stabilisation of the Australian financial system, to central banking, and to the operation of monetary and economic policy in both domestic and international spheres."