NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Iazyges

The Iazyges (Jazyges is an orthographic variant) were a nomadic tribe. Known also as Jaxamatae, Ixibatai, Iazygite, Jászok, Ászi. They were a branch of the Sarmatian people who, c. 200 BC, swept westward from central Asia onto the steppes of what is now Ukraine.^[1] Little is known about their language, but it was one of the Iranian languages. Sarmatian Cataphract Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae (the second form is mostly used by the earlier Greek writers, the other by the later Greeks and the Romans) were a people whom Herodotus (4. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... The steppe of Western Kazakhstan in early spring In physical geography, steppe (from Slavic step) is a plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally reckoned as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said... The Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family. ...

Antiquity

The Iazyges first make their appearance along the Sea of Azov, known to the Ancient Greeks and Romans as the Maeotis. For this reason they are referred to by the geographer Ptolemy as the Iazyges Metanastae. From there, the Jazyges moved west along the shores of the Black Sea to what is now Moldova and the southwestern Ukraine. The shallow Sea of Azov is clearly distinguished from the deeper Black Sea. ... A medieval artists rendition of Claudius Ptolemaeus Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: ; ca. ... NASA satellite image of the Black Sea Map of the Black Sea The Black Sea is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Anatolia that is actually a distant arm of the Atlantic Ocean by way of the Mediterranean Sea. ...

They served as allies of Mithradates VI Eupator, king of Pontus (in what is now western Turkey), in his wars against the Romans (c. 88-84 BC). In 78-76 BC, the Romans sent a punitive expedition over the Danube in an attempt to overawe the Jazyges. Mithridates VI of Pontus, (132 BC- 63 BC), called Eupator Dionysius, was the king of Pontus in Asia Minor and one of Romes most formidable and successful enemies. ... Traditional rural Pontic house A man in traditional clothes from Trabzon, illustration Pontus is the name which was applied, in ancient times, to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the main), by... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... The Danube (ancient Danuvius, Iranian *dÄnu, meaning river or stream, ancient Greek Istros) is the longest river in the European Union and Europes second longest river. ...

The prime enemy of Rome along the lower Danube at this time were the Dacians, in what is now Romania. In 7 BC the Dacian kingdom built up by Burebista began to collapse into one of the bouts of anarchy that plagued many nomadic kingdoms. The Romans took advantage of this to encourage the Jazyges to settle in the Pannonian plain, between the Danube and the Tisza (Theiss) Rivers. Dacian kingdom during the reign of Burebista, 82 BC The Dacians (Lat. ... Dacian Kingdom, during the rule of Burebista, 82 BC Burebista,[1] the greatest king of Dacia, ruled between 70 BC and 44 BC. He unified the Thracian population from Hercynia (todays Moravia) in the west, to the Bug River in the east, and from the northern Carpathians to Dionysopolis... The Pannonian Plain is a large plain in Central Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ... The Tisza or Tisa is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. ...

Roman times

They were divided into freemen and serfs (Sarmatae Limigantes). These serfs had a different manner of life and were probably an older settled population, enslaved by nomadic masters. They rose against them in 34 AD, but were repressed by foreign aid. For alternate uses, see Number 34. ...

The Romans wanted to finish off Dacia, but the Iazyges refused to cooperate. The Iazyges remained nomads, herding their cattle across what is now southern Romania every summer to water them along the Black Sea; a Roman conquest of Dacia would cut that route. The Roman emperor Domitian became so concerned with the Iazyges that he interrupted a campaign against Dacia to harass them and the Suebi, a Germanic tribe also dwelling along the Danube. Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 â€“ 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor of the gens Flavia. ... Suebi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The term Germanic tribes applies to the ancient Germanic peoples of Europe. ...

In early 92, the Iazyges, in alliance with the Sarmatians proper and the Germanic Quadi, crossed the Danube into the Roman province of Pannonia (mod. Croatia, northern Serbia, and western Hungary). In May, the Iazyges shattered the Roman Legio XXI Rapax, soon afterwards disbanded in disgrace. The fighting continued until Domitian’s death in 96. This article is about the year 92. ... The Quadi were a smaller Germanic tribe, about which little definitive information is known. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian language 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian, English 3 Government Parliamentary republic - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment - Formation 8th century - First unified state c. ... Legio XXI Rapax, the predator, was a Roman legion levied in 31 BC by Augustus, probably from men previously enlisted in other legions. ... For other uses, see number 96. ...

In 101-105, the warlike Emperor Trajan finally conquered the Dacians, reducing their lands to a Roman province. In 107, Trajan sent his general, Hadrian, to force the Iazyges to submit. In 117, Trajan died, and was succeeded as emperor by Hadrian, who moved to consolidate and protect his predecessor's gains. While the Romans kept Dacia, the Iazyges stayed independent, accepting a client relationship with Rome. This article is about the Roman Emperor. ... For other uses, see number 107. ... Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 â€“ July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English was Roman emperor from 117 â€“ 138, as well as a Stoic and Epicurean philosopher. ... Trajan subdued a Judean revolt, then fell seriously ill, leaving Hadrian in command of the east. ...

As long as Rome remained powerful, the situation could be maintained, but in the late second century, the Empire was becoming increasingly overstretched. In the summer of 167, while the Romans were tied down in a war with Parthia, the nomadic peoples north of the Danube, the Marcomanni, the Varistae, the Vandals, the Hermanduri, the Suebi and the Quadi, all swept south over the Danube to invade and plunder the exposed Roman provinces. The Iazyges joined in this general onslaught. The Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius spent the rest of his life trying to restore the situation. In 170, the Iazyges defeated and killed Claudius Fronto, Roman governor of Dacia and Lower Moesia. Operating from Sirmium (today Sremska Mitrovica, Vojvodina, Serbia) on the Sava river, Marcus Aurelius moved against the Iazyges personally. After hard fighting, the Iazyges were pressed to their limits. Events Germanic tribe Marcomanni waged war against the Romans at Aquileia Change of era name from Yanxi to Yongkang of the Chinese Han Dynasty King Chogo of Baekje waged war against Silla in Korean peninsula. ... Parthia[1] (Middle Persian: Ø§Ø´Ú©Ø§Ù†ÛŒØ§Ù† AshkÃ¢niÃ¢n) was a civilization situated in the northeast of modern Iran, but at its height covering all of Iran proper, as well as regions of the modern countries of Armenia, Iraq, Georgia, eastern Turkey, eastern Syria, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Kuwait, the Persian Gulf... The Marcomanni were a Germanic tribe, probably related to the Suebi or Suevi. ... The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe, Germanic as defined by Tacitus, that entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century. ... The Hermunduri (alternate spellings: Hermunduri, Hermunduli, Hermonduri, Hermonduli) were an ancient tribe of Germanic people who occupied the area around what is now Thuringia, Saxony, and Northern Bavaria, from the first to the third century. ... For other uses, see number 170. ... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Ruins of Sirmium Julian solidus, ca. ... Sremska Mitrovica (Ð¡Ñ€ÐµÐ¼ÑÐºÐ° ÐœÐ¸Ñ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ†Ð°) is a city located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia at 44. ... Republic of Serbia â€“Vojvodina â€“Kosovo (UN admin. ... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian language 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian, English 3 Government Parliamentary republic - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment - Formation 8th century - First unified state c. ... Sava also Save (in Serbian: Ð¡Ð°Ð²Ð°; German: Save; Hungarian: SzÃ¡va) is a river in Europe, a right side tributary of Danube at Belgrade. ...

But in 175, Avidus Cassius led a revolt in the East, interrupting the campaign. At this point, the leading king among the Iazyges, Zanticus, made peace with Marcus Aurelius, yielding up, it is said, 100,000 Roman captives. The Iazyges were also forced to provide the Romans with 8,000 cavalry to serve in the Roman army as auxiliaries. Some 5,500 of these were shipped off to serve in the Roman army in Britain; it is theorized they may have played a part in the development of the Arthurian legend. Marcus' victory was decisive in that the Iazyges did not again appear as a major threat to Rome. Events Pope Eleuterus succeeds Pope Soter (approximate date) Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats the Marcomanni. ... King Arthur is an important figure in the mythology of Britain. ...

Around 230, the Asding Vandals pushed in to the north of the Iazyges. The Vandals, and new Germanic tribal coalitions like the Alamanni and the Franks now became the Roman’s primary security concerns. But as late as 371, the Romans saw fit to build a fortified trading center, Commercium, to control the trade with the Iazyges. area settled by the Alamanni, and sites of Roman-Alamannic battles, 3rd to 6th century The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Main, land that is today part of Germany. ... This article is about the Frankish people and society. ... Events Martin of Tours becomes Bishop of Tours _ year approximate Baekje forces storm the Goguryeo capital in Pyongyang Births Valentinian II - titular Roman emperor - year approximate Deaths August 1 - St Eusebius of Vercelli St Hilarion - year approximate Lucifer of Cagliari - bishop King Gogugwon of Goguryeo Categories: 371 ... A commercium is a traditional academic feast known at universities in most Middle and Eastern European countries. ...

Late Antiquity

In Late Antiquity, records become much spottier, and the Iazyges generally cease to be mentioned as a tribe. Late Antiquity is a rough periodization (c. ...

Middle Ages

In the Middle Ages another Iranian people appeared in Eastern-Europe, the Jazones (named in Latin diplomas also from Philistei/Filistei from the Biblical nation) who probably came to the Kingdom of Hungary together with the Cumans in the 13th century after they were defeated by the Mongols. Béla IV, king of Hungary granted them asylum and they became a privileged community with the right of self-government. But shortly after their entry, the relationship worsened dramatically between the Hungarian nobility and the Cumanian-Jassic tribes and they left the country. After the end of the Mongol-Tatar occupation they returned and were settled in the central part of the Hungarian Plain. Initially, their main occupation was animal husbandry. During the next two centuries they were fully assimilated to the Hungarian population, their language disappeared, but they preserved their Jassic identity and their regional autonomy until 1876. Over a dozen settlements in Central Hungary (eg. Jászberény, Jászárokszállás, Jászfényszaru) still bear their name. Jassic is a dialect of the Ossetian language and the name of a nomadic tribe settled in Hungary in the 13th century. ... The Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar KirÃ¡lysÃ¡g) is the name of a multiethnic kingdom that existed in Central Europe from 1000 to 1918. ... Cumans, also called as Polovtsy, (Russian ÐŸÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ñ†Ñ‹, from old Slavic for pale yellowish) was the European name for the Western Kipchaks, a nomadic West Turkic tribe living on the north of the Black Sea along the Volga. ... The name Mongols (Mongolian: Mongol) specifies one or several ethnic groups. ... BÃ©la IV (1206-1270) was the king of Hungary between 1235 and 1270. ... The Great AlfÃ¶ld, AlfÃ¶ld, or Great Hungarian Plain (Hungarian: AlfÃ¶ld or NagyalfÃ¶ld, Slovak: VeÄ¾kÃ¡ dunajskÃ¡ kotlina, Romanian: CÃ¢mpia Tisei, Serbian and Croatian: simply Panonski basen, Pannonian plain) is a plain/basin occupying the southern and eastern part of Hungary, some parts of eastern Slovakia... JÃ¡szberÃ©ny is a city and market centre in Hungary. ... Location of JÃ¡sz-Nagykun-Szolnok county in Hungary JÃ¡szÃ¡rokszÃ¡llÃ¡s is a town in JÃ¡sz-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. ... Location of JÃ¡sz-Nagykun-Szolnok county in Hungary JÃ¡szfÃ©nyszaru is a town in JÃ¡sz-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. ...

They remained a distinct ethnographical group until today under the Hungarian name jászok (or jász in singular).

The only literary record of the Jassic language was found in the 1950s in the Hungarian National Széchényi Library on the backside of a diploma from 1443. It contains a short Jász-Latin vocabulary for monks in the newly founded monastery in Pilis mountains (N-W from Budapest), since the Jász people were settled in the area (e.g. the village Pilisjászfalu of today - a different area from the autonomous Jász territory around Jászberény). National SzÃ©chÃ©nyi Library OrszÃ¡gos SzÃ©chÃ©nyi KÃ¶nyvtÃ¡r is the national library of Hungary Official data OrszÃ¡gos SzÃ©chÃ©nyi KÃ¶nyvtÃ¡r Abbreviation of library name OSZK English name: National SzÃ©chÃ©nyi Library Street address Buda Royal Palace Wing F H-1827...

The Iazyges' name is preserved in that of the Romanian city Iaşi (Jászvásár in Hungarian). County IaÅŸi County Status Municipality Mayor Gheorghe Nichita, Social Democratic Party, since 2003 Area 93. ...

The connection between the Jazones (Yazones) and the Iazyges is disputed. Most Hungarian scholars claim that they were two different Sarmatian groups, and the Jazones are relatives of the Alans and the Ossetes. Others think that the Iazyges either migrated back east onto the steppes in the confusion of the Hun and Avar invasions of the 5th-7th centuries, or the Iazones were a fresh branch of the Iazyges that had never moved west before and remained throughout this period in what is now southern Russia. But based on the above diploma their languages should be very close. The Alans, Alani, Alauni or Halani were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people, warlike nomadic pastoralists of varied backgrounds, who spoke an Iranian language and to a large extent shared a common culture. ... ... Many historians consider the Huns (meaning person in Mongolian language) the first Mongolian and Turkic people mentioned in European history. ... Map showing the location of Avar Khaganate, c. ...

Contents

Antiquity

Roman times

Late Antiquity

Middle Ages

See also

Notes

Sources

References

Contents

Antiquity GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Roman times

Late Antiquity

Middle Ages

See also

Notes

Sources

References

Antiquity