The Lady of Baza, made by Iberians

The Iberians were an ancient, Pre-Indo-European people who inhabited the east and southeast of the Iberian Peninsula in prehistoric and historic times. There are two theories concerning their origins: Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 205 KB)Lady of Baza at the Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid. ... Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 205 KB)Lady of Baza at the Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid. ... The Dama de Baza The Lady of Baza (la Dama de Baza) is a famous example of Celtiberian art, an early Iberian female figure with traces of painted detail, found at Baza, in the altiplano, the high tableland in the northwest of the province of Granada. ... The Pre-Indo-European population of Europe included an unknown number of ethnic groups that dwelt on the continent before the coming of the speakers of Indo-European languages (though some scholars dispute the Indo-European invasion theory: see Paleolithic Continuity Theory). ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ...

• One theory suggests that they arrived in Spain sometime during the Neolithic period, with their arrival being dated as early as the fourth millennium BC. Most scholars adhering to this theory believe from archaeological, anthropological and genetic evidence that the Iberians came from a region farther east in the Mediterranean. This theory is buttressed by the resemblance of the name "Iberia" with the word "Ibaru" (Hebrew), and by the accepted fact that when the Romans arrived there, they named the peninsula after the people living there. Others have suggested that they may have originated in North Africa. The Iberians would then have initially settled along the eastern coast of Spain, and possibly spread throughout the rest of the Iberian Peninsula later on.[1] [2]

• An alternative theory states that they were part of the original inhabitants of Western Europe and the creators/heirs of the great megalithic culture in all this area, a theory possibly supported by genetic studies. The Iberians would then be similar to the populations subdued by the Celts in the first millennium BC in Ireland, Britain and France. 1 2 3

The Iberians lived in isolated communities based on a tribal organisation. They also had a knowledge of metalworking, including bronze, and agricultural techniques. In later years, the Iberians evolved into a more complex civilization with urbanized communities and social stratification. They traded metals with the Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians. An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae Scotland, Europes most complete Neolithic village. ... (5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – 3rd millennium BC - other millennia) Events City of Ur in Mesopotamia (40th century BC). ... Archaeology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... Anthropology (from the Greek word άνθρωπος = human) consists of the study of humankind (see genus Homo). ... Population genetics is the study of the distribution of and change in allele frequencies under the influence of the four evolutionary forces: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and migration. ...  Northern Africa (UN subregion)  geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ... A common understanding of Western Europe in modern times. ... Megalithic tomb, Mane Braz, Brittany Bronze age wedge tomb in the Burren area of Ireland A megalith is a large stone which has been used to construct a structure or monument either alone or with other stones. ... Genetics (from the Greek genno γεννώ= give birth) is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms. ... A Celtic cross. ... (2nd millennium BC – 1st millennium BC – 1st millennium AD – other millennia) Events The Iron Age began in Western Europe Egypt declined as a major power The Tanakh was written Buddhism was founded Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon and created the Persian Empire (6th century BC) Sparta and... http://www. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Assorted ancient Bronze castings found as part of a cache, probably intended for recycling. ... Cities are a major hallmark of human civilization. ... Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coastal plain of what is now Lebanon and Syria. ... This article is about the ancient city-state of Carthage in North Africa. ...

In modern times, an Iberian is also a native of the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ...

Historical references

Classical references

Greek colonists made the first historical reference to the Iberians in the 6th century B.C. They also dubbed as Iberians another people, currently known as Caucasian Iberians. It is not known whether they had any connection or if it was just a coincidence of names. The Iberians most likely made contact with other cultures long before this, however. The Phoenicians established their first colony on the Iberian Peninsula in 1,100 B.C. (Gades, modern Cádiz) and probably made contact with Iberians then or shortly thereafter. Ancient countries of Caucasus: Armenia, Iberia, Colchis and Albania Iberia was a name given by the ancient Greeks and Romans to the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli (4th century BC-5th century AD) corresponding roughly to the eastern and southern parts of the present day Georgia. ... Nickname: Tacita de plata (little silver cup) Location within Spain Province Cádiz Mayor Teófila Martínez (PP) Area    - City 12. ...

Iberian writing

It was assumed that the Iberians learned writing from the Phoenicians, developed a system for recording their own language, and later, they incorporated elements of the Greek alphabet into their writing system. But, not for the epigraphist, Carlos A. B. Castelo[3], that Unveiled the Mystery of the Writing in the Herouns (Stellas) of the south west of the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian language describes a linguistic group identified with the Iberian civilization (7th century BC – 1st century BC), formed in the eastern and south-eastern regions of the Iberian peninsula. ... Because of technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... Writing Systems of the World today A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ...

See main article, Iberian scripts Photograph of Botorrita 1 (both sides), 1st century BC. The Iberian scripts (or Iberian alphabet) are two scripts (or two styles of the same script) found on the Iberian peninsula, the Northeast and South Iberian script. ...

External influences

The Celts arrived in the Iberian Peninsula in two waves in the early first millennium B.C. The Celtic culture dominated the Northern and Western Peninsula while the Iberians held the South. In the center, Celtic and Iberian culture mixed to produce the Celtiberians. This group, which fused both cultures, spread to the Eastern coast of Spain. A Celtic cross. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ... The Celtiberians (or Celt-Iberians) were a Celtic people living in the Iberian Peninsula, chiefly in what is now north central Spain and northern Portugal, before and during the Roman Empire. ...

Approximate location of Iberian settlement, expanded to include Tartessos' territory

The Iberians and the Celtiberians traded extensively with other Mediterranean cultures. Iberian pottery has been found in France, Italy, and North Africa. The Iberians also had extensive contact with Greek colonists who shared their cultural knowledge. The Iberians may have adopted some of the Greeks' artistic skill. Statues such as the Lady of Baza and the Lady of Elx are thought to have been made by Iberians relatively well studied in art. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (788x648, 140 KB) Territorio de la extensión de los íberos Realizado por mí 05-06-2005 para Wikipedia File links The following pages link to this file: Iberians ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (788x648, 140 KB) Territorio de la extensión de los íberos Realizado por mí 05-06-2005 para Wikipedia File links The following pages link to this file: Iberians ... Tartessos (also Tartessus) was a harbor city on the south coast of the Iberian peninsula (in modern Andalusia, Spain), at the mouth of the Guadalquivir river. ... The Dama de Baza The Lady of Baza (la Dama de Baza) is a famous example of Celtiberian art, an early Iberian female figure with traces of painted detail, found at Baza, in the altiplano, the high tableland in the northwest of the province of Granada. ... La Dama dElx The famous but controversial Lady of Elx (Dama dElx in Catalan, Dama de Elche in Spanish) (the National Archaeological Museum of Madrid calls her enigmática), is a polychrome stone bust that was revealed as found by chance in 1897 at LAlcúdia, an...

The Iberians and Celtiberians were placed under Carthaginian rule for a short time between the Second and Third Punic Wars. Both groups supplied troops to Hannibal's army. The Romans subsequently conquered the Iberian Peninsula and slowly repressed the local culture and language, but it was only until the reign of Emperor Augustus after the fall of the Roman Republic that the entire peninsula was conquered. Combatants Roman Republic Carthage Commanders Publius Cornelius Scipio†, Tiberius Sempronius Longus Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Gaius Flaminius†, Fabius Maximus, Claudius Marcellus†, Lucius Aemilius Paullus†, Gaius Terentius Varro, Marcus Livius Salinator, Gaius Claudius Nero, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus†, Masinissa, Minucius+, Geminus+, Regulus+ Hannibal Barca, Hasdrubal Barca†, Mago Barca†, Hasdrubal Gisco†, Maharbal... Combatants Roman Republic Carthage Commanders Scipio Aemilianus Hasdrubal the Boetarch Strength 40,000 90,000 Casualties 17,000 62,000 The Third Punic War (149 to 146 BC) was the third and last of the Punic Wars fought between the former Phoenician colony of Carthage, and the Roman Republic. ... Hannibal is one of the most common prenames in Punic and we know several military commanders (strategos) with this prename during the Punic Wars, while their family names or nicknames are often not recorded. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... Bust of Augustus Caesar Caesar Augustus (Latin: IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS)¹ (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), known earlier in his life as Gaius Octavius or Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, was the first Roman Emperor and is traditionally considered the greatest. ... This article is becoming very long. ...

See Also

• Spanish people

The Spanish people or Spaniards are the ethnic group or nation native to Spain, in the Iberian Peninsula of southwestern Europe. ...

External links

• Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC)