Owen, 1840 Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Phyla Porifera (sponges) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria Placozoa Subregnum Bilateria Acoelomorpha Orthonectida Rhombozoa Myxozoa Superphylum Deuterostomia Chordata (vertebrates, etc. ... Typical Classes Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicates Ascideiacea Thaliacea Larvacea Subphylum Cephalochordata - Lancelets Subphylum Myxini - Hagfishes Subphylum Vertebrata - Vertebrates Petromyzontida - Lampreys Placodermi (extinct) Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes Acanthodii (extinct) Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fishes Actinistia - Coelacanths Dipnoi - Lungfishes Amphibia - Amphibians Reptilia - Reptiles Aves - Birds Mammalia - Mammals Chordates (phylum Chordata) include the vertebrates, together with... Superclasses Anapsida Eurapsida Diapsida Reptilia was an old kingdom or phylum classification that has since been divided into 4 classes. ... It has been suggested that Prehistoric reptile be merged into this article or section. ... Classes Ichthyosauria Sauropterygia Lepidosauria Archosauria Diapsids (two arches) are a group of tetrapod animals that developed two holes (temporal fenestra) in each side their skulls, about 300 million years ago during the late Carboniferous period. ... Sir Richard Owen and Dinornis bird skeleton Sir Richard Owen (July 20, 1804 - December 18, 1892) was an English biologist, comparative anatomist and palaeontologist. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Groups
Utatsusaurus Parvinatator Eoichthyosauria Grippidae/Grippidia Ichthyosauria Groups Cymbospondylus Mixosauridae Merriamosauria Shastasauridae/Shastasauria Euichthyosauria Parvipelvia Leptonectidae Thunnosauria Stenopterygidae Ichthyosauridae Ichthyosaurs (Greek for fish lizards) were giant marine reptiles that resemble a dolphin with teeth (see convergent evolution). ...
Ichthyopterygia ("fish flippers") was a designation introduced by Sir Richard Owen in 1840 to designate the Jurassic Ichthyosaurs that were known at the time, but the term is now used more often for both true Ichthyosauria and their more primitive early and middle Triassic ancestors (Motani 1997, Motani et al. 1998). Sir Richard Owen and Dinornis bird skeleton Sir Richard Owen (July 20, 1804 - December 18, 1892) was an English biologist, comparative anatomist and palaeontologist. ... Groups Cymbospondylus Mixosauridae Merriamosauria Shastasauridae/Shastasauria Euichthyosauria Parvipelvia Leptonectidae Thunnosauria Stenopterygidae Ichthyosauridae Ichthyosaurs (Greek for fish lizards) were giant marine reptiles that resemble a dolphin with teeth (see convergent evolution). ... The Triassic is a geologic period that extends from about 245 to 202 million years ago (mya). ...
These basal Ichthyopterygians were mostly small (a meter or less in length) with elongate bodies and long spool shaped vertebrae, indicating that they swam in a sinuous eel-like manner. This allowed for quick movements and maneouverability that were an advantage in shallow-water hunting (Motani 2000). Even at this early stage they were already very specialised animals with proper flippers, and would have been incapable of movement on land. A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ... Families Suborder Anguilloidei Anguillidae (freshwater eels) Heterenchelyidae Moringuidae (worm eels) Xenocongridae (false morays) Muraenidae (moray eels) Myrocongridae Suborder Nemichthyoidei Nemichthyidae (snipe eels) Serrivomeridae (sawtooth snipe eels) Cyemidae (bobtail snipe eels) Suborder Congroidei Congridae (congers) Muraenesocidae (conger pikes) Nettastomatidae (witch eels) Nessorhamphidae (duckbilled eels) Derichthyidae (neck eels) Ophichthidae (snake eels) Macrocephenchelyidae...
These animals seem to have been widely distributed around the coast of the northern half of Pangea, as they are known the Late Olenekian and Early Anisian (early part of the Triassic period) of Japan, China, Canada, and Spitsbergen (Norway). By the later part of the Middle Triassic they were extinct, having been replaced by their descendents the true ichthyosaurs Map of Pangæa Pangaea (Greek for all lands) is the name Alfred Wegener used to refer to the supercontinent that existed during the Mesozoic era, before the process of plate tectonics separated the component continents. ... The Triassic is a geologic period that extends from about 245 to 202 million years ago (mya). ... Spitsbergen is the largest island in the Svalbard archipelago, which is situated in the Arctic Ocean and administered by Norway. ...
References
Ellis, Richard, (2003) Sea Dragons - Predators of the Prehistoric Oceans. University Press of Kansas
Motani, R. (1997), Temporal and spatial distribution of tooth implantation in ichthyosaurs, in JM Callaway & EL Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press. pp. 81-103.
Motani, R. (2000), Rulers of the Jurassic Seas, Scientific American vol.283, no. 6
Motani, R., Minoura, N. & Ando, T. (1998), Ichthyosaurian relationships illuminated by new primitive skeletons from Japan. Nature 393: 255-257.
Scientific American is one of the oldest and most serious popular-science magazines. ...
The word "Ichthyopterygia" is a combination of "ichthyos" and "pteryx", the latter meaning a wing.
The word "ichthyosaur" is used as a common name for the animals belonging to the Ichthyopterygia, which contains the Ichthyosauria and basal forms (see the classification).
Until recently, the Subclass IchthyopterygiaOwen, 1840 and Order Ichthyosauria Blainville, 1835 referred to the same natural group, and the name with the priority, the Ichthyosauria, has been preferred.
They belong to the order known as Ichthyosauria or Ichthyopterygia ('fish flippers' - a designation introduced by Sir Richard Owen in 1840, although the term is now used more for the parent clade of the Ichthyosauria).
Ichthyosaurs averaged 2 to 4 meters in length (although a few were smaller, and some species grew much larger), with a porpoise-like head and a long, toothed snout.
These very early proto-ichthyosaurs, which are now classified as Ichthyopterygia rather than as ichthyosaurs proper (Motani 1997, Motani et al.
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