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An identity document, or also called a piece of identification (ID), is a document designed to verify aspects of a person's identity. If issued in the form of a small, mostly standard-sized card, it is called an Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... In general terms, documentation is any communicable material (such as text, video, audio, etc. ... Look up Identity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

• Identity Card (IC). In different countries of the world exist both obligatory to bear within the issuing country, as well as voluntarily applied for, ID cards.

Other commonly used ID documents include the

• National passport & the
• Driving license: in many countries of the world a driving licence is also an approved ID document - if, then usually always valid as ID document within the issuing country only.

Details see below. For Microsoft Corporation’s “universal login” service, formerly known as Microsoft Passport Network, see Windows Live ID. For other types of travel document, see Travel document. ... Driving licences within the European Union are subdivided in different categories. ...

Possible information inclusions in ID documents

Information present on the document — or in a supporting database — might include the bearer's full name, a portrait photo, age, birth date, address, an identification number, profession or rank, religion, ethnic or racial classification, restrictions, and citizenship status. New technologies could allow identity cards to contain biometric information, such as photographs, face, hand or iris measurements, or fingerprints. Electronic identity cards or e-IDs are already available in some territories such as Hong Kong, Malaysia, Estonia, Finland, Belgium, Portugal and Spain. Morocco is also planning to launch a new identity card of biometric type by January 2007. By the mid 20th century humans had achieved a mastery of technology sufficient to leave the surface of the Earth for the first time and explore space. ... At Disney World, biometric measurements are taken of the fingers of multi-day pass users to ensure that the pass is used by the same person from day to day. ... For other uses, see Photograph (disambiguation). ... A facial recognition system is a computer driven application for automatically identifying a person from a digital image. ... Hand geometry is a biometric that identifies users by the shape of their hands. ... An iris scan is one of the most currently used methods of biometric authentication. ... This article is about human fingerprints. ... The electronic identity card (eID) is an official electronic proof of ones identity. ... At Disney World, biometric measurements are taken of the fingers of multi-day pass users to ensure that the pass is used by the same person from day to day. ...

ID cards

Their use is backed by law enforcement officials who claim that it can make surveillance and identification of criminals much easier. However, concern is also expressed about the extensive cost and potential abuse of hi-tech smartcards. A smart card, or integrated circuit(s) card (ICC), is defined as any integrated circuitry embedded into a flat, plastic body. ...

In the United Kingdom and the United States especially, government-issued compulsory identity cards or, to be more precise, their centralised database are a source of debate as they are regarded as an infringement of privacy and civil liberties. Most criticism is directed towards the enhanced possibilities of extensive abuse of centralised and comprehensive databases storing sensitive data. A 2006 survey of UK Open University students concluded that the planned compulsory identity card coupled with a central government database generated the most negative attitudinal response among several alternative configurations.^[1] Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to control the flow of information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively. ... Civil liberties is the name given to freedoms that protect the individual from government. ... Affiliations Alliance of Non-Aligned Universities, Association of Commonwealth Universities, European Association of Distance Teaching Universities, Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Website http://www. ...

Arguments for

• Identity verification in banks or at national borders with a standard national identification card would be simpler than with a physically bulky passport.
• Eligibility or ownership verification would be facilitated (for example, when paying with a credit card or cheque, or attempting to buy age-restricted products).
• False identification may be reduced where identity cards are required to open a bank account. Of course, phishing and many other forms of identity theft will be unaffected.
• Identity cards can be a useful administrative tool that can increase efficiency in dealings with both the government and private companies.
• In US states that don't issue identity cards, private companies require equivalent documents, such as a driver's license. Persons who don't have a driver's license are usually required in practice to get a document that is something very much like an identity card.
• Law enforcers can locate and identify people who either do not know or cannot communicate their names and/or addresses (e.g., due to Alzheimer's disease, amnesia or heavy intoxication), or who claim names that are not consistent with the names on their identity cards (e.g., due to dissociative identity disorder, as in the case of Billy Milligan).
• Cards may help reduce immigration service bureaucracy. In certain countries, the procedures for deporting illegal immigrants whose ages, identities or nationalities cannot be formally established are more complex than those for whom they can be readily asserted. This gives illegal immigrants more time to prepare their legal defence. In some countries (Spain, for instance) it may prevent the immigrant's deportation altogether. However, in this situation most illegal immigrants will destroy their identity papers, nullifying the reduction in bureaucracy.
• Every human being already carries their own personal identification in the form of their DNA, which can not be falsified or discarded. Even for non-state commercial and private interactions, this may shortly become the preferred identifier, rendering a state-issued identity card a lesser evil than the potentially extensive privacy risks associated with everyday use of a person's genetic profile for identification purposes.^{[2][3][4][5][6]}
• In many countries ID Cards are only given to citizens (for instance, Pakistan), these can be a source of pride,^{[citation needed]} since they are often the most tangible proof of citizenship.

For Microsoft Corporation’s “universal login” service, formerly known as Microsoft Passport Network, see Windows Live ID. For other types of travel document, see Travel document. ... This article is about the payment system. ... Example of a Canadian cheque. ... An example of a phishing email, disguised as an official email from a (fictional) bank. ... Identity theft is a term used to refer to fraud that involves stealing money or getting other benefits by pretending to be someone else. ... For other uses, see Amnesia (disambiguation). ... Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), as defined by the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), is a mental condition whereby a single individual evidences two or more distinct identities or personalities, each with its own pattern of perceiving and interacting with the environment. ... William Stanley Milligan (born 1955) was the subject of a highly publicised court case in the state of Ohio in the late 1970s. ... Illegal immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently, in violation of the law or without documents permitting an immigrant to settle in that country. ... The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a nucleic acid molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. ...

Arguments against

Further information: freedom of movement and propiska

• It has been argued that identity cards impose a disproportionate burden upon both government and citizens while empowering the executive, which is contrary to the maxim: "the government that governs best, governs least". Some have pointed out that extensive lobbying for identity cards has been undertaken, in countries without compulsory identity cards, by IT companies who will be likely to reap rich benefits in the event of an identity card scheme being implemented.
• Cards with centralised database could be used to track anyone's movements and private life, thus endangering privacy. The proposed British ID card (see next section) will involve a series of linked databases, to be managed by the private sector. Managing disparate linked systems using a range of institutions and any number of personnel is alleged to be a security disaster in the making. [1]
• A requirement to carry an identity card at all times can lead to the inconvenience of arbitrary requests from card controllers (such as the police). This can lead to functionality creep whereby carrying a card becomes de facto if not de jure compulsory, as in the case of Social Security numbers, which are now widely used as ID.
• Government claims that identity cards will prevent crimes may not be based in fact. The former UK Home Secretary Charles Clarke conceded that identity cards may only be useful in the identification of bodies in the aftermath of a crime. As a strong presumption of identity is given in favour of a card holder, the identity card scheme might be an asset to potential terrorists.
• In many cases, other forms of documentation such as a driver's license, passport, or Medicare card serve a similar function on a more limited scale, and thus an ID card is not needed.
• The cost of introducing and administering an identity card system can be very high. Figures from £30 (US$60) to £90 or even higher have been suggested for the proposed UK ID card. [2]
• In some countries where ID cards were required to show religious affiliation (as used to be the case in Greece) or ethnic background, this led to cases of discrimination. Under some interpretations of Sharia law, apostate Muslims may be sentenced to death. Malaysia's identity cards only state the religion if a person's religion is Islam. This can become a bureaucratic nightmare or even lead to death when a person changes his or her affiliation.
• Some schemes do not adequately take into account whether data subjects have legitimate reasons to conceal their identity. Victims of domestic violence, witnesses in criminal investigations and trials, and others, may not want their identity or locations to be widely known. Some proposed schemes also do not adequately address these considerations.
• ID cards could lead to an increase in identity fraud since it would lead to official reliance on a card or document that can be forged. No country has ever successfully produced a totally unforgeable ID card.
• Rather than focus on government-issued ID cards, federal policy has the alternative to encourage the variety of identification systems that exist in the private marketplace today. Many of the private systems already provide better assurance of identity and trustworthiness than many government-issued ID cards.^[7]

Title page of a European Union member state passport. ... Propiska (Russian: пропи́ска; the full term is Прописка по месту жительства, The record of place of residence) was a regulation in the Soviet Union designed to control internal population movement by binding a person to his or her permanent place of residence. ... This article is about the political effort. ... Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to control the flow of information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively. ... Functionality creep is what occurs when an item, process, or procedure designed for a specific purpose ends up serving another purpose for which it was not intended. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The promotional Social Security card as distributed by the F.W. Woolworth Company In the United States, a Social Security number (SSN) is a 9-digit number issued to citizens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents under section 205(c)(2) of the Social Security Act, codified as . ... The Secretary of State for the Home Department, commonly known as the Home Secretary, is the minister in charge of the United Kingdom Home Office and is responsible for internal affairs in England and Wales, and for immigration and citizenship for the whole United Kingdom (including Scotland and Northern Ireland). ... The Rt Hon. ... First German driving school in 1906, Aschaffenburg Current EU driving licence, German version - front 1. ... For Microsoft Corporation’s “universal login” service, formerly known as Microsoft Passport Network, see Windows Live ID. For other types of travel document, see Travel document. ... The term medicare (in lowercase) (French: assurance maladie) is the unofficial name for Canadas universal public health insurance system. ... Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Affirmative action in the United States Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity... Shariah (Arabic: transliteration: ) is the body of Islamic religious law. ... Apostasy (from Greek αποστασία, meaning a defection or revolt, from απο, apo, away, apart, στασις, stasis, standing) is a term generally employed to describe the formal renunciation of ones religion, especially if the motive is deemed unworthy. ... (Arguments critical to religion in general, or specific to Monotheism, such as the Existence of God, not dealt with here. ... The Data Protection Act (DPA) is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament. ...

Information on European ID documents

Detailled information on European ID documents, including what they look like, you can find in PRADO, information pages provided to the general public by the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union. Prado may refer to: Land Cruiser Prado, a 4WD vehicle from Toyota Museo del Prado, an art gallery in Madrid Prado, Spain, a village in Castile-Leon the prado dam Prado River Miguelanxo Prado, a spanish comic book artist Ed Prado, a U.S. appeals court judge PRADO, a PHP... Established 1952 Presiding Country Portugal President Luís Amado President in Office José Sócrates Members 27 (at one time) Political parties 7, including: European Peoples Party Party of European Socialists Meeting place Justus Lipsius, Brussels, Belgium, European Union Web site http://www. ...

Countries & their policies concerning ID documents

Main article: List of identity card policies by country

According to Privacy International, as of 1996, around 100 countries had compulsory identity cards. This is a list of identity cards by country. ... Privacy International (PI) has been instrumental in establishing the modern international privacy movement. ... 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

The term "compulsory" may have different meanings and implications in different countries. The compulsory character may apply only after a certain age. Often, a ticket can be given for being found without one's identification document, or in some cases a person may even be detained until the identity is ascertained. In practice, random controls are rare, except in certain times.

Argentina

Argentina issues a booklet called Documento Nacional de Identidad at birth. At the age of 8 it must be updated with a picture and right thumb print. At 16 it must be renewed. The new version includes pages for a vote log, military service, wish to donate organs and legal address change log. There is also a card named Cedula de Identidad issued by the federal police, valid in Mercosur countries and several issued by the different provinces' police, but the latter are only valid in Argentinean territory. Any of these documents are required for driving (in addition to driver's license) and using credit or debit cards. Motto (Spanish) (Portuguese) (Guaraní) Our North is the South  â€¢  â€¢ Pro Tempore Secretariat Montevideo, Uruguay Largest city São Paulo, Brazil Official languages 3 Portuguese Spanish Guaraní Membership 5 Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay Venezuela Leaders  -  Carlos Álvarez Establishment  -  Declaration of Foz do Iguaçu 30 December 1985   -  Treaty of Asunción...

Belgium

In Belgium everyone above the age of 12 has to carry some means of identification at all times. For Belgians it is the identity card (carte d'identité in French, identiteitskaart in Dutch and Personalausweis in German), for foreigners residing in Belgium it can also be a passport, a work permit or a (temporary) residence permit. Since the years 2000, all new identity cards have a chip.

Brazil

In Brazil, at the age of 18, all Brazilian citizens must carry a Registro Geral (RG), in Portuguese. The cards are needed to obtain job, vote, make and use credit cards. Foreigners living in Brazil have a different kind of ID card. Since the RG is not unique, in many places the CPF (the Brazilian revenue agency's identification number) is used as a replacement. The current Brazilian driver's license contains both the RG and the CPF, and as such can be used as an identification card as well.

Bulgaria

Identity card (Bulgarian - лична карта, lichna karta) is obligatory at the age of 14. Any person above 14 being checked by the police without carrying at least some form of identification is liable to a fine of about 150 Euros.

China

People's Republic of China requires every citizen (Except Hong Kong and Macau, which have their own identity cards) to carry (居民身份证 Pinyin Jūmín Shēnfènzhèng). It becomes compulsory at 16. The identity card is the only acceptable legal document to obtain resident permit, employment, open bank accounts, obtain passport, driver licence, application for tertiary education and technical colleges, security check points in domestic terminals of Chinese airports. Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ...

Colombia

Every resident of Colombia over the age of 14 must carry an identity card (Tarjeta de Identidad). Upon turning 18 every resident must obtain a Cédula de Ciudadanía, which is the only document that proves the identity of a person for legal purposes. ID cards must be carried at all times and must be presented to the police or military upon request. ID cards are needed to obtain employment, open bank accounts, obtain a passport, driver licence, military card, matriculate in educational institutions, vote or enter public buildings including subway stations, airports and courthouses. Failure to produce ID is a misdemeanor punishable with a fine.

ID cards are free of charge and duplicates are also free.

Costa Rica

Every Costa Rican citizen must carry an identity card after turning 18. The card is named Cédula de Identidad and it is issued by the local elections committee (Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones). Each card has a unique number composed of nine numerical digits, the first of them being the province where the citizen was born (With other significance in special cases such as granted citizenship to foreigners, adopted persons or in rare cases with old people where no birth certificate was processed at birth) after this digit, two block of four digits follows, the combination corresponds to the unique identifier of the citizen.

It is widely requested as part of every legal and financial purpose, often requested at payment with credit or debit cards for identification guarantee. And requested for buying alcoholic beverages, cigarettes or upon entrance to an adults only place, like bars.

The card must be renewed every ten years and freely issued again if lost. Among the information included there are, in the front, two identification pictures and digitized signature of the owner, identification number (Known colloquially just as the cédula), first name, first and second last names and an optional known as field. In the back there is again the identification number, birth date, where the citizen issues its vote for national elections or referendums, birth place, gender, date when must be renewed and a matrix code that includes all this information and even a digitized fingerprint of the thumb and index finger.

The matrix code is not currently being used nor inspect by any kind of scanner.

Besides this identification card, every vehicle driver must carry the drivers license, an additional card that uses the identification number for the driving license number. A passport is also issued.

Chile

Every resident of Chile over the age of 18 must have and carry at all times their ID Card called Cédula de Identidad issued by the Civil Registry and Identification Service. It contains the full name, gender, nationality, date of birth, photograph of the data subject, right thumb print, ID number and personal signature.

This is the only official form of identification for residents in Chile and is widely used and accepted as such. It is necessary for every contract, most bank transactions, voting, driving (along with the driver's licence) and other public and private situations.

Refusal to carry or show this ID card to a law enforcement agent (civil or uniformed police) can lead to the lesser of detention up to 6 hours or until the identity can be verified. The Carabiniers of Chile, in Spanish Carabineros de Chile, are the uniformed Chilean national police force and gendarmery, created on April 27, 1927. ...

Croatia

Main article: Croatian identity card

In Croatia every person over the age of 14 can have ID card, and all persons over the age of 16 must have ID cards and carry them at all times when they are in public places. Refusal to carry or show this ID card to a police officer can lead to a money fine of 100 kuna or more and detention until their identity can be verified by fingerprints. KUNA-LP Channel 15 is a Telemundo affiliate in Indio-Palm Springs, CA. Also owned by KESQ-TV (ABC), KCWB (WB), and KDFX 33 (FOX) KUNA-LP signed on the air as K15EI on May 15, 1996 and switched to KUNA-LP on March 31, 2003. ...

Cyprus

Citizens of the Republic of Cyprus have to get an identity card. Identity cards and travel documents are also issued to eligible Turkish Cypriots residing in the northern part of the island upon application to the Republic's authorities in the southern areas. Cyprus (in Greek Kypros Κύπρος and in Turkish Kıbrıs) is an island in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, 113 kilometres (70 miles) south of Turkey and around 120 km west of the Syrian coast. ... Turkish Cypriots are those inhabitants of Cyprus who are ethnically Turkish[1], as opposed to those who are of Greek (the Greek Cypriots) or other ethnicities. ...

Estonia

Main article: Estonian ID card

The Estonian ID card (Estonian: ID-kaart) is a chipped picture ID in the Republic of Estonia. An Estonian ID card is officially recognised by all member states of the European Union for intra EU travel. For travelling outside the EU, Estonian citizens may also require a passport. A sample ID cards front. ... Smart card used for health insurance in France. ... // German identity card with a KINEGRAM®. A piece of identification (ID) is a document designed to verify aspects of a persons identity. ... The Republic of Estonia is a country in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the north. ... Estonian Passport is an identity document as well as a travel document of an Estonian citizen. ...

Finland

In Finland, any citizen can get an identification card (henkilökortti/identitetskort). This, along with the passport, is one of two official identity documents. It is available as an electronic ID card (sähköinen henkilökortti/elektroniskt identitetskort), which enables logging in to certain government services on the Internet.

Driving licenses and KELA (social security) cards with a picture are also widely used for general identification purposes, even though they are not officially recognized as such. KELA, or Kansaneläkelaitos (in Finnish), also FPA or Folkpensionsanstalten (in Swedish), is a Finnish government agency in charge of payment for the national social security programs. ...

France

Main article: French national identity card

France has had a national ID card since 1940, when it helped the Vichy authorities identify 76,000 for deportation as part of the Holocaust. Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben often underlines this, showing how anthropometry may be used by the state. The French national identity card (Carte nationale d’identité sécurisée or CNIS) is an official non-compulsory identity document consisting of a laminated plastic card bearing a photograph, name and address. ... Motto Travail, famille, patrie French: Unoccupied zone of Vichy France (until November 1942) Capital Vichy Capital-in-exile Sigmaringen (1944-1945) Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholic Government Dictatorship Chief of state  - 1940 — 1944 Philippe Pétain President of the Council  - 1940 — 1942 Philippe Pétain  - 1942 — 1944 Pierre Laval... “Shoah” redirects here. ... Giorgio Agamben (born 1942) is an Italian philosopher who teaches at the Università IUAV di Venezia. ... Illustration from The Speaking Portrait (Pearsons Magazine, Vol XI, January to June 1901) demonstrating the principles of Bertillons anthropometry. ...

In the past, identity cards were compulsory, had to be updated each year in case of change of residence and were valid for 10 years, and their renewal required paying a fee. In addition to the face photograph, the card included the family name, first names, date and place of birth, and the national identity number managed by the national INSEE registry, and which is also used as the national service registration number, as the Social Security account number for health and retirement benefits, for access to court files and for tax purposes.

Today, the law (Art. 78-1 to 78-6 of the French Penal Procedure Code [3]) only mentions that during a ID check performed by police or gendarmerie, one can prove his identity "by any means", the validity of which is left to the appreciation of the law enforcement official. Though not stated explicitly in the law, an ID card or a passport will, in most circumstances, be sufficient. The decision to accept other documents, with or without the bearer's photograph is left to the discretion of the law enforcement officer.

Random checks of passers-by's ID by the French police are quite common, especially in poorer neighborhoods. Even though it is not compulsory de jure to carry an ID, not doing so may lead to a de facto arrest ("vérification d'identité") of up to 4 hours according to art. 78-3 of the French Penal Procedure Code ("Code de procédure pénale"). [4] [5] Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without...

For financial transactions, ID cards and passports are almost always accepted as proof of identity. Due to common forgery, driver licenses are sometimes refused. For transactions by cheque involving a larger sum, two different ID documents are frequently requested by merchants.

The current identification cards are now issued free of charge, and are non-compulsory. The current government has proposed a compulsory biometric card system, which has been opposed by human rights groups and by the national authority and regulator on computing systems and databases, the Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés, CNIL. Another non-compulsory project is being discussed. The Commission nationale de linformatique et des libertés or CNIL is an independent French administrative authority whose mission is to ensure that data privacy law is applied to the collection, storage, and use of personal data. ...

Greece

Greek ID card (front)

Greek ID card (back)

A compulsory, universal ID system based on personal ID cards has been in place in Greece since World War II. ID cards are issued by the police on behalf of the Headquarters of the Police (previously issued by the Ministry of Public Order, now incorporated in the Ministry of Internal Affairs) and display the holder's signature, standardized face photograph, name and surname, father's name and surname, mother's name and maiden surname, date and place of birth, height, electoral district (Demotologion), and the issuing police precinct. There are also two optional fields designed to facilitate emergency medical care: ABO and Rhesus factor blood typing. Image File history File linksMetadata Greek_ID_Card-Front. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Greek_ID_Card-Front. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (529x876, 86 KB) Ελληνική γλώσσα: English language: File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Identity document ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (529x876, 86 KB) Ελληνική γλώσσα: English language: File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Identity document ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Abo may refer to: Åbo, the Swedish name for Turku in Finland. ... The term Rhesus blood group system refers to the five main Rhesus antigens (C, c, D, E and e) as well as the many other less frequent Rhesus antigens. ... This article is about human blood types (or blood groups). ...

Fields included in previous ID card formats, such as vocation or profession, religious denomination, domiciliary address, name and surname of spouse, fingerprint, eye and hair color, citizenship and ethnicity were removed permanently as being intrusive of personal data and/or superfluous for the sole purpose of personal identification.

Since 2000, name fields have been filled in both Greek and Latin characters. According to the Signpost Service of the European Commission [reply to Enquiry 36581], old type Greek ID cards "are as valid as the new type according to Greek law and thus they constitute valid travel documents that all other EU Member States are obliged to accept." In addition to being equivalent to passports within the Schengen Treaty Area, Greek ID cards are the principal means of identification of voters during elections. Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Schengen Treaty members are in dark blue, while signatories (where it is not yet implemented) are in light blue. ...

Since 2005, the procedure to issue an ID card has been automated and now all citizens over 12 years of age must have an ID card, which is issued within one workday. Prior to that date, the age of compulsory issue was at 14 and the whole procedure could last several months. Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In Greece, an ID card is a citizen's most important state document, as it is used in most public and many private transactions. For instance, it is required for opening a bank account, to perform banking transactions if the teller personnel is unfamiliar with the apparent account holder, to make a contract, to have state insurance, to register in a school or university, to take part in driving license examinations, to interact with the Citizen Service Bureaus (KEP), receive parcels or registered mail etc. Citizens are also required to produce their ID card at the request of law enforcement personnel. Failure to do so can lead to brief detention for the purposes of identity verification.

All the above functions can be fulfilled also with a valid Greek passport (eg. for people who have lost their ID card and have not yet applied for a new one, people who happen to carry their passport instead of their ID card or Greeks who reside abroad and do not have an identity card, which can be issued only in Greece in contrast to passports also issued by consular authorities abroad).

Legal resident aliens from non-EU countries are issued a similar document, colloquially called a green card. For non-residents, the passport acts as the ID card. EU citizens may produce any document that is valid in their own country. Wikiquote has a collection of quotations by or about: European Union The European Union On-Line Official EU website, europa. ... Green Card can refer to: United States Permanent Resident Card, an identification document issued by the United States of America affording non-citizens of that country some of the rights its citizens enjoy, sometimes with the prospect of naturalization. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations by or about: European Union The European Union On-Line Official EU website, europa. ...

Indonesia

Citizens over 18 are required to have the KTP (Kartu Tanda Penduduk) identity card.

Italy

Everybody in Italy over 18 must have (but it may be requested by 15) a 4-page Identity Card issued by the town of residence. The first page includes the ID card number, the issuing town, and the name and surname. On the second page the card shows again the name and surname, together with the birth date and place, the gender, and the current address. The third page of the document includes a colour photograph and the signature. It also contains the issue date. The card has a validity of 5 years.

The ID number is two letters followed by seven or more digits and is unique.

In Italy, an ID card is the most important document of a citizen. It can be used instead of a passport to create a bank account, to validate a credit card transaction, to vote, to enter many countries in Europe (including Switzerland) and to check in on flights to these countries, etc. However, for most of these uses it can be replaced with other documents, including the driving licence. Citizens are not required to carry the ID card with them always but are required to present it to the authorities if required. First German driving school in 1906, Aschaffenburg Current EU driving licence, German version - front 1. ...

As of 2007 a new electronic identity card is being phased in. 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Iran

Every permanent resident of Iran , whether a citizen or not, must have an identification card (کارت ملی) in Persian or Remember their NID Code (کد ملی) in Persian. Farsi redirects here. ... Farsi redirects here. ...

Israel

Main article: Teudat Zehut

Every permanent resident of Israel above the age of 16, whether a citizen or not, must carry an identification card called te'udat zehut (Hebrew: תעודת זהות‎) in Hebrew or biţāqat huwīya (بطاقة هوية) in Arabic. Israeli identity card Teudat Zehut (תעודת ×–הות) is the Israeli compulsory identity document, as prescribed in the Identity Card Carrying and Displaying Act of 1982: [1] // Criminal offence carries a 5,000 NIS fine for not carrying an identity card or for misuse of the document. ... Hebrew redirects here. ... The word Hebrew most likely means to cross over, referring to the Semitic people crossing over the Euphrates River. ... Arabic redirects here. ...

The card is designed in a bilingual form, printed in Hebrew and Arabic, but the personal data is presented only in Hebrew. The card must be presented to an official on duty (e.g. a policeman) upon request, but if the resident is unable to do this, he may contact the relevant authority within five days to avoid a penalty.

Until the mid-nineties, the identification card was considered the only legally reliable document for many actions such as voting, opening a bank account, etc. The new Israeli driving licenses which include photos and some extra personal information are now considered equally reliable for most of these transactions.

Malaysia

Main article: MyKad

In Malaysia, the MyKad, or Government Multipurpose Card, (GMPC) is the official compulsory identity card. It is regarded as the world's first smart identity card. Part of the Multimedia Super Corridor flagship applications, it was officially launched on 5 September 2001 and incorporates a microchip, which contains several items of data including biometrics. As of 2006, MyKad has eight current and several planned applications which are mostly related to proof of identity or electronic money. From March 2003, a variant issuable to newborn babies was introduced, known as MyKid. MyKad, or Government Multipurpose Card, (GMPC) is the official compulsory identity card of Malaysia. ... German identity document sample An identity document is a piece of documentation designed to prove the identity of the person carrying it. ... Look up smart in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... German identity document sample An identity document is a piece of documentation designed to prove the identity of the person carrying it. ... Situated in Malaysia, the Multimedia Super Corridor is a Government designated zone, designed to leapfrog Malaysia into the information and knowledge age. ... is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Integrated circuit of Atmel Diopsis 740 System on Chip showing memory blocks, logic and input/output pads around the periphery Microchips with a transparent window, showing the integrated circuit inside. ... At Walt Disney World, biometric measurements are taken from the fingers of guests to ensure that the persons ticket is used by the same person from day to day Biometrics (ancient Greek: bios =life, metron =measure) refers to two very different fields of study and application. ... Electronic money (also known as electronic cash, electronic currency, digital money, digital cash or digital currency) refers to money or scrip which is exchanged only electronically. ...

Pakistan

In Pakistan, all adult citizens must register for the Computerized National Identity Card (CNIC), with a unique number, at age 18. This card is regularly used because of the multiple uses of the card across Pakistan's organizations.

Earlier on, a National Identity Card (NIC) was issued based on a non-electronic database. Then the national database authority NADRA set up an electronic database for registration of all Pakistani citizens and started issuing the new machine readable identity cards, the CNIC. National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) is a federal department of the Government of Pakistan that is responsible for issuing identification cards to the citizens of Pakistan. ...

Poland

Main article: Polish National Identity Card

Polish national ID card (front and back)

Every Polish citizen over 18 who is resident in Poland must have an Identity Card (Dowód osobisty) issued by the local administration. Other Polish citizens may obtain it on a voluntary basis. Image File history File links Dowodos. ... Image File history File links Dowodos. ...

Portugal

Portuguese national ID card (front and back)

All Portuguese citizens are required by law to obtain a Identity Card as they turn 16 years of age. They are not required to carry with them always but are obligated to present them to the lawful authorities if required. The old format of the cards (yellow paper document) is currently being replaced by grey plastic cards.

Romania

Romanian ID card

Every citizen of Romania must register for an ID card (Carte de identitate, abbreviated CI) at the age of 14. The CI offers proof of the identity, address, sex and other data of the possessor. It has to be renewed every 10 years. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,048 × 1,536 pixels, file size: 387 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Romanian ID card N = Number (0 - 9) X = Letter (A - Z) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,048 × 1,536 pixels, file size: 387 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Romanian ID card N = Number (0 - 9) X = Letter (A - Z) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it...

Another ID Card is the Provisional ID Card (Cartea de Identitate Provizorie) issued when an individual fails present all the documents necessary for a normal ID Card to be issued. Its validity extends for up to 1 year.

Singapore

In Singapore, every citizen, and permanent resident (PR) must register at the age of 15 for an Identity Card (IC). The card is necessary not only for procedures of state, but also in the day to day transactions of registering for a mobile phone line, obtaining certain discounts at stores, and logging on to certain websites on the internet. Schools frequently use it to identify students, both on-line and in exams.

More information on the compulsory Singapore Identity Card and accompanying procedures can be found on this government website: http://app.ica.gov.sg/serv_citizen/identity_card/ic_registration.asp

Spain

Everybody in Spain over 14 must have a National Identity Card (Documento nacional de identidad usually abbreviated to DNI) issued by the National Police. On the front side there is a colour photograph, the name and two surnames (see Spanish naming customs), the bearers signature, an id number, the issue date and the expiration date. Depending on holder's age, the card has a validity of 5 years, 10 years or indefinite (for the elderly). In Spanish-speaking countries (exception made of Argentina), people normally have at least two surnames. ...

On the reverse appears the birth date and place, the gender, both parents' names (if known) and the current address. At the bottom, some of the previous information is written in special characters suitable to be read by OCR. Optical character recognition, usually abbreviated to OCR, is a type of computer software designed to translate images of handwritten or typewritten text (usually captured by a scanner) into machine-editable text, or to translate pictures of characters into a standard encoding scheme representing them (e. ...

The ID number is an eight digit number followed by a letter. The letter is only a CRC used to verify the correctness of the number. This id number is unique, and is used by the Spanish Hacienda Pública (equivalent to the United States Department of the Treasury) to keep track of each citizen's income taxes and financial status. A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a type of function that takes an input of data stream of any length and produces as output a value of a certain fixed size. ... The U.S. Treasury building today. ...

In Spain, an ID card is the most important document of a citizen. It is used in all public and private transactions. It is required to open a bank account, to sign a contract, to have state insurance, to register in a university or to be fined by a police officer. It is one of the official documents required to vote at any election, although any other form of official ID such as a driving license or passport may be used. A police officer can require it to be shown, but non-compliance won't lead to arrest and detention unless there are other lawful reasons for it. If a policeman requests the ID, you can just ask him to come with you to the place where you keep it.

Since 2006 a new version of the 'DNI' is being introduced. The new 'Electronic DNI' is a Smart card that allows for digital signing of documents. It conveys the same printed information as the older version, but in a plastic card with a different design. Smart card used for health insurance in France. ...

South Africa

All South African citizens and permanent residents, aged 16 years and older, must be in possession of an identity document. The South African identity document resembles a passport, but is not valid as a travel document or outside South Africa. Although carrying the document is not de facto required in daily life, it is necessary to show the document or a certified copy as proof of identity when: South Africa rewrote its nationality law since the end of apartheid in 1994 and the establishment of majority (i. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without...

• Signing any contract, including
  • Opening or closing a bank account
  • Taking up employment
  • Applying for a mobile phone contract
• Interacting with most government agencies, including
  • Applying for or renewing a drivers license
  • Applying for a passport
  • Applying for any social grants

Sweden

Main article: Identity documents in Sweden

Sweden does not, in law, have compulsory identity cards. In reality there are nation-wide issuers of SIS-certified^[8] identification cards. These cards can be obtained by anyone who is population registered in Sweden, that is, has a Swedish personal identity number, and they are issued by commercial companies, like banks and post offices. The police also issue them, but only for Swedish citizens. The personal identity number (Swedish: personnummer) is the Swedish national identification number When it was introduced in 1947 it was probably the first of its kind covering the total population. ...

These documents are needed, in practice, to be able to get bank services, make purchases with a credit card and similar situations. There are problems accessing health care or buying prescribed medications without them.

Since 2007 it has been impossible for many people, mainly immigrants, to get an identity card since the commercial companies have strengthened their requirements to issue identity cards. They might be sued if someone uses a falsely issued card for fraudulent activity. Foreign passports are of no value for these companies to verify a person's identity.

A solution to this problem is envisaged for 2009 when the police will begin to issue Swedish identity cards for foreign citizens having a foreign passport.

Taiwan

Main article: Republic of China National Identification Card

The "Republic of China National Identification Card" (traditional Chinese: 中華民國國民身分證) is issued to all Republic of China citizens that have a household registration in the Free Area of the Republic of China (Taiwan). While the Republic of China Passport allows for entry into Taiwan, the Identification Card is used for virtually all other activities that require identity verification within Taiwan such as opening bank accounts, renting apartments, employment applications and voting. It is the possession of the Republic of China National Identification Card and not the ROC Passport which grants the holder the right of abode within the Taiwan Area. The Republic of China National Identification Card (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: ) is issued to all Republic of China citizens that have a household registration in the Free Area of the Republic of China. ... Traditional Chinese characters refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... A hùkÇ’u (Chinese: ) or hùjí (Chinese: 戶籍) refers to residency permits (household registration) issued in mainland China (by the Peoples Republic of China and Taiwan (by the Republic of China). ... The Free Area of the Republic of China (Traditional Chinese: 中華民國自由地區) is a legal and political description referring to the territories of the Republic of China under the control of its government. ... Republic of China Passport Cover. ... The right of abode refers to an individuals freedom from immigration control in a particular country. ...

The Identification Card contains the holder's photo, ID number, Chinese name, and (Minguo calendar) date of birth. The back of the card also contains the person's registered address where official correspondence is sent, parents' and even spouse's names. A national identification number is used by the governments of many countries as a means of tracking their citizens, permanent residents, and temporary residents for the purposes of work, taxation, government benefits, health care, and other governmentally-related functions. ... A calendar that commemorates the first year of the Republic as well as the election of Sun Yat-sen as the provisional President. ...

If the person moves, they must re-register at a municipal office (traditional Chinese: 戶政事務所). Traditional Chinese characters refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ...

Unlike the Republic of China passport which can be issued overseas at Taipei Economic and Cultural Offices, the National Identification Card is only issued in Taiwan at municipal offices. Dual Passport holders that have a household registration can only apply for the Identification Card after they enter Taiwan using a Republic of China Passport. A Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO), sometimes known as a Taipei Representative Office, is a representative office , established by the Republic of China on Taiwan, in countries that have diplomatic relations, with the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...

Uruguay

All Uruguayan citizens must have a national identity card - known as a Cédula de Identidad - from birth. The card contains the bearers name, photo, right thumb print, as well as place and date of birth. Cards must be renewed every 5 years until the bearer turns 20, and from there on every 10 years. It can be used in place of a passport to travel into Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile and Paraguay. A separate, multi-paged document used as identification to vote in elctions, must be obtained by all Uurguayans over the age of 18, and is known as the "Credencial Civica".

Nations without

A number of countries do not use country-wide identity cards to verify identity. These include Australia, Denmark, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Australia

There have been two proposals to introduce ID cards for tax and social security access in Australia: The Australia Card in 1985 by the Hawke Labor Government and the Health and Social Services Access Card in 2006 by the Howard Liberal Government. Although neither card would have been an official compulsory ID card, they were both criticised as leading to de facto ID cards. Ultimately, both proposals failed. Currently, drivers licences, issued by the states and territories, are the most widely used ID document. The Australia Card was a controversial proposal for a national identification card for Australian citizens and resident foreigners. ... Robert James Lee (Bob) Hawke, AC (born 9 December 1929) was the 23rd Prime Minister of Australia after previously being an Australian trade union leader. ... The health and social services access card is a proposed Australian Government non-compulsory health and social services access card. ... John Winston Howard (born 26 July 1939) is an Australian politician and the 25th Prime Minister of Australia. ... The states and territories of Australia make up the Commonwealth of Australia under a federal system of government. ...

United Kingdom

Main article: British national identity card

Since the early 1950s there has been no national identity card in the United Kingdom, but the Identity Cards Act (effective 30 March 2006) makes one compulsory for anyone getting a new or renewed passport from 2008. Driving licences and passports are now the most widely used ID documents. There are also various PASS-accredited cards, used mainly for proof of age purposes. Enabling legislation for the British national identity card was passed under the Identity Cards Act 2006. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... First German driving school in 1906, Aschaffenburg Current EU driving licence, German version - front 1. ... For Microsoft Corporation’s “universal login” service, formerly known as Microsoft Passport Network, see Windows Live ID. For other types of travel document, see Travel document. ... PASS - Payments as a Secure Service Transforming commerce over IP by enabling software as a service. ...

United States

Main article: Identity documents in the United States

The United States of America passed a bill entitled the Real ID Act on May 11, 2005. The bill compels states to begin redesigning their driver's licenses to comply with federal antiterrorist standards by December 2009. Federal employees would reject licenses or identity cards that don't comply, which would force Americans accessing everything from airplanes to national parks and some courthouses to have the federally mandated cards. There is no true national identity card in the United States of America, in the sense that there is no federal agency with nationwide jurisdiction that directly issues such cards to all American citizens. ... The REAL ID Act of 2005 requires people entering federal buildings, boarding airplanes or opening bank accounts to present identification that has met certain security and authentication standards. ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The bill takes place as governments are growing more interested in implanting technology in ID cards to make them smarter and more secure. Since 2006, the U.S. State Department has been issuing passports with radio frequency identification, or RFID, chips embedded in them, and Virginia may become the first state to glue RFID tags into all its driver's licenses. 17 states, however, have passed statutes opposing or refusing to implement the Real ID Act.^[9] An EPC RFID tag used for Wal-Mart Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. ...

Nations currently implementing

Albania

Albania In 2007 the Government of Albania approved opening an international tender on issuing the National Identity Cards. Issuance of these cards is expected to begin by the end of 2008^[10]. Tender may mean: In finance: A process by which one can seek prices and terms for a particular project (such as a construction job) to be carried out under a contract. ...

Bangladesh

Bangladesh has also started a National Biometric ID Card system and is in the process of completing it by 2008.

China

China is instituting biometric ID cards, beginning with the city of Shenzhen. The card will document data such as work history, educational background, religion, ethnicity, police record, medical insurance status, landlord's phone number and personal reproductive history.^[11] At Walt Disney World, biometric measurements are taken from the fingers of guests to ensure that the persons ticket is used by the same person from day to day Biometrics (ancient Greek: bios =life, metron =measure) refers to two very different fields of study and application. ... For other uses, see Shenzhen (disambiguation). ...

India

India is beginning to issue national ID cards, see MNIC - Multipurpose National Identity Card (India) [6] Ministry of Home Affairs prototype of the card The Multipurpose National Identity Card (MNIC) project is an initiative of the Indian government to create a national ID for every Indian citizen with the objective of increasing national security, managing citizen identity and facilitating e-governance. ... Ministry of Home Affairs prototype of the card The Multipurpose National Identity Card (MNIC) project is an initiative of the Indian government to create a national ID for every Indian citizen with the objective of increasing national security, managing citizen identity and facilitating e-governance. ...

Non-compulsory schemes

A number of countries have non-compulsory identity card schemes. These include Austria, Finland, France (see France section), Hungary (however, all citizens of Hungary must have at least one of: valid passport, photocard driving licence, or the National ID card), Iceland, Sweden, Switzerland.

In the European Union identity cards meeting an European standard can be used by European citizens as a travel document replacing passports. Citizenship of the Union was introduced by the Maastricht Treaty signed in 1992. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For Microsoft Corporation’s “universal login” service, formerly known as Microsoft Passport Network, see Windows Live ID. For other types of travel document, see Travel document. ...

During the UK Presidency of the EU in 2005 a decision was made to: "Agree common standards for security features and secure issuing procedures for ID cards (December 2005), with detailed standards agreed as soon as possible thereafter. In this respect, the UK Presidency has put forward a proposal for EU-wide use of biometrics in national ID cards."^[12] The Presidency of the Council of the European Union refers to the responsibility of presiding over all aspects of the Council of the European Union, when exercised collectively by a government, on a pre-established rota of the member states, of the European Union. ...

In the United States, some states issue non compulsory identity cards for people who do not hold a driver's license as an alternate means of identification. In some states such as New York, these cards are issued by the same organization responsible for driver's license, the Department of Motor Vehicles. Commonwealth of Massachusetts Registry of Motor Vehicles on Washington Street in Bostons Chinatown In the United States of America, a Department of Motor Vehicles (or DMV) is a state-level government agency that administers vehicle registration and driver licensing. ...

Non-sovereign state

For the Sahrawi people of Western Sahara, pre-1975 Spanish identity cards are the main proof that they were Saharaui citizens as opposed to recent Moroccan colonists. They would thus be allowed to vote in an eventual self-determination referendum. “Sahraoui” redirects here. ... Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A referendum (plural referendums or referenda), ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ...

Some companies and government departments issue ID cards for security purposes; they may also be proof of a qualification. For example, all taxi drivers in the UK and Hong Kong carry ID cards. Managers, supervisors and operatives in construction in the UK have a photographic ID card, the CSCS (Construction Skills Certification Scheme) card, indicating training and skills including safety training. Those working on UK railway lands near working lines must carry a photographic ID card to indicate training in track safety (PTS and other cards) possession of which is dependent on periodic and random alcohol and drug screening. In Queensland and Western Australia, anyone working with children has to take a background check and get issued a Blue Card or Working with Children Card, respectively. This article is about the 1976 American film. ... Slogan or Nickname: Sunshine State, Smart State Motto(s): Audax at Fidelis (Bold but Faithful) Other Australian states and territories Capital Brisbane Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Quentin Bryce Premier Anna Bligh (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 28  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $158,506 (3rd... A background check is the process of looking up official and commercial records about a person. ... // A Blue Card also refers to a card required by construction workers in Queensland. ...

See also: Warrant card

A warrant card is a proof of identification and authority for Police Officers. ...

See also

• List of identity card policies by country
• Access badge
• Anthropometry
• Biometrics
• Biometric passport or E-passport
• Common Access Card
• Credential
• Home Return Permit, a special kind a national ID card issued for PRC citizens living in Hong Kong and Macau.
• Identity document forgery
• Keycard
• Magnetic stripe card
• Pass Law, which mandated people carry a pass book in apartheid South Africa
• Passport and ICAO
• RFID
• Physical Security
• Proximity card
• Smart card
• Swipe card
• Visa (document)
• NO2ID – campaigning against ID cards in the UK

This is a list of identity cards by country. ... An access badge is the identification used to gain entry to the office or other places that have automated access controlled entry points. ... Illustration from The Speaking Portrait (Pearsons Magazine, Vol XI, January to June 1901) demonstrating the principles of Bertillons anthropometry. ... At Walt Disney World, biometric measurements are taken from the fingers of guests to ensure that the persons ticket is used by the same person from day to day Biometrics (ancient Greek: bios =life, metron =measure) refers to two very different fields of study and application. ... Symbol for biometric passports, usually printed on the cover of passports The contactless chip found in British passports A biometric passport is a combined paper and electronic identity document that uses biometrics to authenticate the citizenship of travellers. ... Symbol for biometric passports, usually printed on the cover of the passports A biometric passport is a combined paper and electronic identity document that uses biometrics to authenticate the citizenship of travelers. ... Common Access Card issued to Contractor personnel The Common Access Card (CAC) is a United States Department of Defense (DoD) smartcard issued as standard identification for active duty military personnel, reserve personnel, civilian employees, and eligible contractor personnel. ... Look up credential in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... Identity document forgery is the process by which identity documents issued by governing bodies are copied and/or modified by persons not authorized to create such documents or engage in such modifications, for the purpose of deceiving those who would view the documents about the identity or status of the... A number of different keys A single key A key is a device which is used to open a lock. ... A magnetic stripe card is a type of card capable of storing data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material on the card. ... Pass laws in South Africa were designed to segregate the population and were one of the dominant features of the countrys apartheid system. ... A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982. ... For Microsoft Corporation’s “universal login” service, formerly known as Microsoft Passport Network, see Windows Live ID. For other types of travel document, see Travel document. ... The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, develops the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. ... An EPC RFID tag used for Wal-Mart Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. ... Physical security describes measures that prevent or deter attackers from accessing a facility, resource, or information stored on physical media. ... Proximity card is a generic name for contactless integrated circuit devices used for security access or payment systems. ... Smart card used for health insurance in France. ... A swipe card is a (typically) credit card size badge incorporating a magnetic stripe, an RFID tag, a transponder device and/or a microchip mostly used for business premises access control or electronic payment. ... Entry visa valid in Schengen treaty countries. ... The NO2ID coalition was formed in 2004 to campaign against the United Kingdom governments plans to introduce UK ID Cards and the associated National Identity Register. ... The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent...

References

A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Number of the Beast (numerology). ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... March 26 is the 85th day of the year (86th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Identity document

• Privacy International identity card FAQ
• Telegraph story: the case for and against identity cards
• ID Card – Is Big Brother Stalking You? – MP3 recording and reference list from Diffusion science radio program on 2SER broadcast on 1 March 2007.