Ignatius Loyola Donnelly (November 3, 1831 – January 1, 1901) was a U.S. Congressman, populist, and writer, known primarily today for his theories on the history of Atlantis and Shakespearean authorship. A Lieutenant Governor or Lieutenant-Governor is a government official who is the subordinate or deputy of a Governor or Governor-General. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Area  Ranked 12th  - Total 87,014 sq mi (225,365 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 8. ... Alexander Ramsey (September 8, 1815 – April 22, 1903) was an American politician. ... William Holcombe (July 22, 1804 - September 5, 1870) was a United States Democratic politician and the first Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota. ... Henry Adoniram Swift (March 23, 1823 – February 25, 1869) was an American politician who was the 3rd Governor of Minnesota. ... is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... “Minneapolis” redirects here. ... The Republican Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States of America, along with the Democratic Party. ... is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The House of Representatives is the larger of two houses that make up the U.S. Congress, the other being the United States Senate. ... Populism is a political ideology or rhetorical style that holds that the common person is oppressed by the elite in society, which exists only to serve its own interests, and therefore, the instruments of the State need to be grasped from this self-serving elite and instead used for the... A writer is anyone who creates a written work, although the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... For other uses, see Atlantis (disambiguation). ... The frontispiece of the First Folio (1623), the first collected edition of Shakespeares plays From 1593 to 1637, a number of plays and poems were published under the name William Shakespeare or, in many cases, hyphenated as Shake-Speare. The company that performed most of these plays, the Lord...

Early life and education

Donnelly was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1852. In 1855, he married Katherine McCaffrey, with whom he fathered three children. He moved to Minnesota in 1857, where he settled in Dakota County. Together with several partners, Donnelly founded a utopian community called Nininger City. However, the Panic of 1857 doomed that attempt at a cooperative farm and community and left Donnelly deeply in debt. Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... A bar association is a body of lawyers who, in some jurisdictions, are responsible for the regulation of the legal profession. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Area  Ranked 12th  - Total 87,014 sq mi (225,365 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 8. ... Dakota County government building Dakota County courthouse Dakota County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. ... See Utopia (disambiguation) for other meanings of this word Utopia, in its most common and general meaning, refers to a hypothetical perfect society. ... Nininger Township is a township located in Dakota County, Minnesota. ... The Panic of 1857 was a sudden downturn in the economy of the United States. ... Cooperative farming is a system, in which farmers pool their resources for cooperation in certain areas, such as purchase of supplies (seeds, fertilizers, etc. ...

Political career

Donnelly entered politics and was lieutenant governor of Minnesota from 1860 – 1863. He was a Republican Congressman from Minnesota in the 38th, 39th, and 40th congresses, (1863 – 1868) and a state senator from 1874 – 1878. As a legislator, Donnelly advocated extending the powers of the Freedmen's Bureau to provide education for the freedmen, so that they could protect themselves once the bureau was withdrawn. Donnelly was also an early supporter of women's suffrage. The Thirty-Eighth Congress of the United States began on March 4, 1863 and ended on March 3, 1865. ... The Thirty-Ninth Congress of the United States began on March 4, 1865 and ended on March 3, 1867. ... // Dates of Sessions 1867-1869 The first session of this Congress took place in Washington, DC from March 4, 1867 to December 1, 1867. ... ζōA legislator is a person who writes and passes laws, especially someone who is a member of a legislature. ... The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, popularly known as the Freedmens Bureau or (mistakenly) the Freedmans Bureau, was an agency of the government of the United States that was formed to aid distressed refugees of the United States Civil War, including former slaves and poor white... The term womens suffrage refers to an economic and political reform movement aimed at extending suffrage — the right to vote — to women. ...

After leaving the Minnesota State Senate in 1878, Donnelly returned to his law practice and writing. In 1882, he published Atlantis: The Antediluvian World, his best known work, detailing his theories concerning the mythical lost continent of Atlantis. The latter volume became a best-seller, and is widely credited with initiating the Atlantis mania that became such a feature of popular literature in the 20th century. A year after Atlantis he published Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel, in which he expounded his belief that the Flood, as well as the destruction of Atlantis (and the extinction of the mammoth), had been brought about by the near-collision of the earth with a massive comet. This too became a best-seller, and both books seem to have had an important influence on the development of Immanuel Velikovsky's controversial ideas half a century later. Elsewhere, he proposed that Shakespeare's Plays had been written by Francis Bacon, an idea that gained a popular following in the 20th century. As well as writing, Donnelly made several other runs for public office during the 1880s. He made a losing run for Congress (this time as a Democrat) in 1884. In 1887, he successfully ran for the Minnesota State Legislature as an Independent. During this period, he was also an organizer of the Minnesota Farmers' Alliance. For other uses, see Atlantis (disambiguation). ... Immanuel Velikovsky photographed by Fima Noveck, ca. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Further information: Politics of the United States#Organization of American political parties The Democratic... The Farmers Alliance was an organized agrarian economic movement among U.S. farmers that flourished in the 1880s. ...

Donnelly undertook a foray into national politics in 1892, writing the preamble of the People's Party's Omaha Platform. He was nominated for Vice President of the United States in 1900 by the People's Party. Also known as the Populist Party, the People's Party rose out of the national Farmers' Alliance movement and stood on a platform that called for abandonment of the Gold Standard (and later for Free Silver), abolition of national banks, a graduated income tax, direct election of senators, civil service reform, and an eight-hour work day. That year, Donnelly also ran for governor of Minnesota but was defeated. See also the American Peoples Party. ... The Omaha Platform was the party program adopted at the formative convention of the Populist (or Peoples) Party held in Omaha, Nebraska on July 4, 1892. ... The Vice President of the United States (sometimes referred to as VPOTUS[1] or Veep) is the first in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. ... The gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is a fixed weight of gold. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Marriages

His wife Katherine died in 1894. In 1898, he remarried, wedding his secretary, Marion Hanson.

Death

Donnelly died on January 1, 1901, in Minneapolis, Minnesota and is buried at Calvary Cemetery in St. Paul, Minnesota. His personal papers are archived at the Minnesota Historical Society.[1] is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... “Minneapolis” redirects here. ... State capitol building in Saint Paul Saint Paul is the capital and second-largest city of the state of Minnesota in the United States of America. ... The Minnesota Historical Society is a Minnesota instutution dedicated to preserving the history of the state. ...

Works

His books include:

• Atlantis: The Antediluvian World (1882), in which he attempted to establish that all known ancient civilizations were descended from its high-Neolithic culture.
• Ragnarok, the Age of Fire and Gravel (1883), in which he proposed that a comet hit the earth in prehistoric times and destroyed a high civilization. (This book also is available as an online facsimile from the University of Georgia Library (DjVu or Layered PDF).)
• The Shakespeare Myth (1887)
• Essay on the Sonnets of Shakespeare
• The Great Cryptogram: Francis Bacon's Cipher in Shakespeare's Plays (1888), in which he maintained he had discovered codes in the works of Shakespeare indicating that their true author was Francis Bacon.
• Caesar's Column (1890), a science fiction novel set in 1988 about a worker revolt against a global oligarchy. (Published under the pseudonym of Edmund Boisgilbert.)
• Doctor Huguet: A Novel (1891) (Published under the pseudonym of Edmund Boisgilbert.)
• The Golden Bottle or the Story of Ephraim Benezet of Kansas (1892)
• The American People's Money (1896)
• The Cipher in the Plays, and on the Tombstone (1899)

Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Sir Francis Bacon Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Albans, KC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English astrologer, philosopher, statesman, spy, freemason and essayist. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Oligarchy (Greek , Oligarkhía) is a form of government where political power effectively rests with a small, elite segment of society (whether distinguished by wealth, family or military powers). ...

References

• William Friedman and Elizebeth Friedman, The Shakespearean ciphers examined, Cambridge University Press, 1957. Chapter III.
• Hicks, JD (1921). 'The Political Career of Ignatius Donnelly', Mississippi Valley Historical Review, vol. 8, pp. 80-132.
• Ridge, M (1912). Ignatius Donnelly: The Portrait of a Politician, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

William Frederick Friedman (September 24, 1891 - November 12, 1969) served as a US Army cryptologist, running the research division of the Armys Signals Intelligence Service (SIS) through the 1930s and its follow-on services right into the 1950s. ... The following article is taken from the Hall of Honor from the National Cryptologic Museum [1]: Elizebeth Friedman Elizebeth Smith Friedman (1892–31 October 1980) was cryptanalyst and author, and a pioneer in U.S. cryptography. ... The headquarters of the Cambridge University Press, in Trumpington Street, Cambridge. ...

External links

• Atlantis, the Antediluvian World, at sacred-texts.com
• Ragnarok, at sacred-texts.com
• Cæsar's Column, at sacred-texts.com
• The Antediluvian World by Ignatius Donnelly
• Works by Ignatius Donnelly at Project Gutenberg
• Donnelly entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Biography
• Biography
• Personal history
• Image of Ignatius Donnelly from "1888 Presidential Possibilities" card set t207.com
• Works by or about Ignatius L. Donnelly in libraries (WorldCat catalog)