Ileus, formerly called iliac passion, refers to limited or absent intestinal passage. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). ... // K00-K93 - Diseases of the digestive system (K00-K14) Diseases of oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws (K00) Disorders of tooth development and eruption (K01) Embedded and impacted teeth (K02) Dental caries (K03) Other diseases of hard tissues of teeth (K04) Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues (K040) Pulpitis (K05... // K00-K93 - Diseases of the digestive system (K00-K14) Diseases of oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws (K00) Disorders of tooth development and eruption (K01) Embedded and impacted teeth (K02) Dental caries (K03) Other diseases of hard tissues of teeth (K04) Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues (K040) Pulpitis (K05... // K00-K93 - Diseases of the digestive system (K00-K14) Diseases of oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws (K00) Disorders of tooth development and eruption (K01) Embedded and impacted teeth (K02) Dental caries (K03) Other diseases of hard tissues of teeth (K04) Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues (K040) Pulpitis (K05... // K00-K93 - Diseases of the digestive system (K00-K14) Diseases of oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws (K00) Disorders of tooth development and eruption (K01) Embedded and impacted teeth (K02) Dental caries (K03) Other diseases of hard tissues of teeth (K04) Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues (K040) Pulpitis (K05... // P00-P96 - Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P04) Fetus and newborn affected by maternal factors and by complications of pregnancy, labour and delivery (P00) Fetus and newborn affected by maternal conditions that may be unrelated to present pregnancy (P01) Fetus and newborn affected by maternal complications of... // P00-P96 - Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P04) Fetus and newborn affected by maternal factors and by complications of pregnancy, labour and delivery (P00) Fetus and newborn affected by maternal conditions that may be unrelated to present pregnancy (P01) Fetus and newborn affected by maternal complications of... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The Disease Bold textDatabase is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. ...

Types

Mechanical ileus

Main article: Bowel obstruction

Mechanical ileus refers to a lack of passage due to an obstruction, which can be located anywhere in the bowel. The cause can be volvulus or a malignancy inside and outside the abdomen. Therapy consists of surgery. Bowel obstruction is a mechanical blockage of the intestines, preventing the normal transit of the products of digestion. ... A volvulus is a loop of the bowel whose nose has twisted on itself. ...

Meconium ileus is a particular type of mechanical ileus only seen in newbor babies. Meconium from 12-hour-old newborn — the babys third bowel movement. ...

Gallstone ileus, associated with a cholecystenteric fistula.

Paralytic ileus

Paralytic ileus refers to a lack of passage due to paralysis of the bowel, i.e. Ogilvie syndrome. This can be caused by intra-abdominal surgery km l; ; ';, medication (morphinomimetica), injury or infection. Ogilvie syndrome is the acute pseudoobstruction and dilation of the colon in the absence of any mechanical obstruction in severely ill patients. ...

Symptoms

Symptoms of ileus include, but are not limited to:

• moderate, diffuse abdominal discomfort
• constipation
• abdominal distension
• nausea/vomiting, especially after meals
• lack of bowel movement and/or flatulence

Abdominal pain can be one of the symptoms associated with transient disorders or serious disease. ... Constipation or irregularity, is a condition of the digestive system where a person (or animal) experiences hard feces that are difficult to egest; it may be extremely painful, and in severe cases (fecal impaction) lead to symptoms of bowel obstruction. ... Abdominal distension (or Distended abdomen) can be a sign of many other conditions, including: diverticulitis lactose intolerance obstructed bowel premenstrual syndrome pregnancy weight gain See also Gastric distension Bloating External links University of Maryland MedlinePlus/NIH Category: ... For the Beck song, see Nausea (song). ... Vomiting (also throwing up or emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of ones stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. ... Defecation or feceation (known colloquially as pooping or shitting) is the act of eliminating solid or semisolid waste material from the digestive tract. ... Flatulence (expelled through the anus in a process commonly known as farting or emitting gas) is the presence of a mixture of gases known as flatus in the digestive tract of mammals. ...

Risk Factors

• gastrointestinal surgery or other GI procedures
• electrolyte imbalance
• hypothyroidism
• medications (e.g. opiates)
• severe illness

Lower gastrointestinal surgery refers to a sub-specialisation of medical practise whereby a general surgeon focuses on the lower gastrointestinal tract. ... Electrolyte disturbance refers to an abnormal change in the levels of electrolytes in the body. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A medication is a drug or substance taken to reduce symptoms or cure an illness or medical condition. ... An opioid is any agent that binds to opioid receptors found principally in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. ... This article needs more context around or a better explanation of technical details to make it more accessible to general readers and technical readers outside the specialty, without removing technical details. ...

Diagnosis

An X-Ray of the abdomen or a CT can be done, though paralytic ileus may not be diagnosed by the radiological investigations.

Treatment

Nil per os (NPO or "Nothing by Mouth") is mandatory in all cases. Nasogastric suction and parenteral feeds may be required until passage is restored. Nil per os (also Non/Nulla Per Os) (NPO) is Latin for a medical instruction meaning to withhold oral food and fluids from a patient for various reasons (verbatim it translates: nothing through the mouth). In the UK it is translated as Nil By Mouth (NBM). ... Nasogastric intubation is a medical process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (nasogastric tube, NG tube) through the nose, past the throat, and down into the stomach. ... In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ...

Most cases of mechanical ileus require surgery, while there are several options in the case of paralytic ileus. If caused by medication, the offending agent is discontinued or reduced. Bowel movements may be stimulated by prescribing lactulose, erythromycin or in severe cases, (Ogilvie's syndrome) neostigmine. Lactulose is a synthetic sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy, a complication of liver disease. ... Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic which has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often used for people who have an allergy to penicillins. ... Ogilvie syndrome is the acute pseudoobstruction and dilation of the colon in the absence of any mechanical obstruction in severely ill patients. ... Neostigmine is a parasympathomimetic, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. ...

Otherwise correct the underlying cause (e.g. replace electrolytes).

External links

• Information from the Merck Manual

See also

• Bowel obstruction