Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 伊犁哈薩克自治州, Pinyin: Yīlí Hāsàkè zìzhìzhōu, Kazakh: ىله قازاق اۆتونومىيالى وبلىسى / Іле Қазақ автономиялы облысы, Uyghur: ئىلى قازاق ئاپتونوم ۋىلايىتى / Ili Ķazaķ aptonom wilayiti), in northernmost Xinjiang, is the only Kazakh autonomous prefecture of the People's Republic of China. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x1200, 277 KB) Description: Maps of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China Source: Date: On October 18 2005 Author: Photo taken by Fanghong Permission: Other versions of this file: File links The following pages link to this file: Ili Kazakh Autonomous... Pinyin (Chinese: 拼音, pÄ«nyÄ«n) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard... Kazak, also Kazakh and Qazaq (Қазақ тілі, Qazaq tilî) is a Turkic language with ISO 639 codes of kaz and kk. ... Uyghur (in Uyghur: ئۇيغۇرچه, new spelling: UyÆ£urqÉ™ or ئۇيغۇر تىلى, UyÆ£ur tili; in Chinese: 维吾尔语 WéiwúěryÇ”) is a Turkic language spoken by the Uyghur people in Xinjiang (also called East Turkestan or Uyghuristan), China. ... Xinjiang (Chinese: æ–°ç–†; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsin1-chiang1; Postal Pinyin: Sinkiang; literal meaning: New Frontier; Uyghur: (Shinjang)), full name Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... Kazakh may refer to An ethnic group: the Kazakhs The Kazakh language The Culture of Kazakhstan Suhbat. ... Prefecture, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. ...

Geography and coordinates

• Area: 273,200 km²
• Population: 3,880,000 (2000)
• Capital: Ghulja (Yining City)
• Geographic coordinates: 79º50'30″ - 84º56'50″ East, 42º14'16″ - 44º50'30″ North

Scene from Ili valley

The Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture is west of Mongolia, south of Russia and east of Kazakhstan. Its foreign boundary is 2,000 km. Its 8 functioning ports are: This article explains the meaning of area as a physical quantity. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Image:Ghulja. ... Download high resolution version (1184x728, 497 KB)for Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture taken by uploader by Hou Shuang, 2002 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (1184x728, 497 KB)for Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture taken by uploader by Hou Shuang, 2002 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

• Khorghas (霍爾果斯): directly controlled by Ili; a national port of the first class (國家一類口岸)
• Dulat (都拉塔): directly controlled by Ili
• Muzart (木紮爾特): directly controlled by Ili; a national port of the first class
• Bakhtu (巴克圖) of Tacheng; a national port of the first class
• Taskhin (塔克什肯) of Altay
• Khiziltaw (紅山嘴) of Altay
• Aqimbek (阿黑木別克) of Altay
• Jeminay (吉木乃) of Altay；a national port of the first class (國家一類口岸)

History

Before the Qin Dynasty, Ili was occupied by the Ussuns, a tributary of the Hun. The Ussuns were driven away in the 6th century A.D. by the northern Xiongnu, who established Western Turik Khanate in 552. Later the Kulja territory became a dependency of Dzungaria. During the Tang Dynasty, the khnate was Anxi Daduhufu (安西大都護府) of the Tang Empire. The Qin Dynasty (秦朝 Pinyin Qín, Wade-Giles Chin; 221 BC - 207 BC) was preceded by the Zhou Dynasty and followed by the Han Dynasty in China. ... Wusun --- information about this historic people can be found in Chinese historical annals. ... Many historians consider the Huns (meaning person in Mongolian language) the first Mongolian and Turkic people mentioned in European history. ... Dzungaria (also Junggar, Jungaria, Sungaria, Zungaria) is a physical region, covering approximately 777,000 km², within the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in northwestern China. ... Also the name of a rock band. ...

The Uyghurs, and in the 12th century the Kara-Khitai, took possession of it in turn. Genghis Khan conquered Kulja in the 13th century, and the Mongol Khans resided in the valley of the Ili. It is supposed that the Oirads conquered it at the end of the 16th or the beginning of the i7th century; they kept it until 1755 as Jagatai Khanate, when the Manchus annexed it. During the insurrection of 1864 the Dungans and the Taranchis formed here the Taranchi Sultanate. The insurgent Dungans massacred most of Manchu Kuljia's (New Kuljia) inhabitants. It had previously been the seat of the Chinese government for the province, with a large penal establishment and strong garrison. The sultanate led to the occupation of Kulja by the Russians in 1871. Ten years later the territory was restored to China, and its boundary with Russia was assigned in accordance to the Treaty of St Petersburg of 1881. The Uyghur 回紇) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group living in northwestern China mainly in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, where they are the largest ethnic group together with Han Chinese, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, and Russia. ... This article needs cleanup. ... This topic is considered to be an essential subject on Wikipedia. ... The Oyirad (also spelled Oirat) is an alliance of the western Mongols. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... The Manchu (Manchu: Manju; Simplified Chinese: 满族; Traditional Chinese: 滿族; pinyin: ) are an ethnic group who originated in the dong bei or North East region consisting of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces, collectively known in English as Manchuria. ... The term Dungan (Chinese: 東干族; pinyin: ; Дунгане) was used by the authorities of the former Soviet Union to describe Muslim people of Han Chinese origin. ... The Treaty of Saint Petersburg was signed in 1875 between Japan and Russia. ...

On January 7, 1912, Yang Cuanxu (楊纘緒) of Ili occupied the Huiyuan (惠遠城) and shot the last Qing general of Ili, Zhirui (志銳). The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qÄ«ng cháo; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was founded by the Many clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast america receded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner canada, establishing...

In July 1945, Chingil, Bole and Quanxi (精河、博樂、溫泉) of Ili were made into a new autonomous prefecture now not part of Ili: Bortala. In 1949, Ili was made a special area (專區) of Xinjiang, with one city and 9 counties, and was upgraded to a city in 1952. On November 27, 1954, the Ili Autonomous Prefecture was established to include the prefectures of Ili, Altay, and Tacheng. The Ili Prefecture was abolished in 1955. Its 1 city and 9 counties are now under the direct control of the autonomous prefecture. Bole (simplified Chinese: 博乐; traditional Chinese: 博樂;pinyin: Bólè; also known as Bortala) is a county-level city in Xinjiang. ... Börtala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture (simplified Chinese: 博尔塔拉蒙古自治州, pinyin: BóěrtÇŽlā MÄ›nggÇ” Zìzhìzhōu, Mongolian in Cyrillic script: Борталын Монгол өөртөө засах тойрог) is a Mongol autonomous prefecture in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Subdivisions

Ili's primary subdivisions include Tacheng (Qoqek, 塔城地區) and Altay (阿勒泰地區) Prefectures, Ili also directly controls 2 county-level cities, 7 counties, and 1 autonomous county. (see Political divisions of China#Levels). Tacheng or Qoqek (Chinese:塔城; pinyin: TÇŽchéng), is a city (1994 est. ... Altay or Aletai (Chinese: 阿勒泰) is a city in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Due to Chinas large population and area, the political divisions of China have always consisted of several levels since ancient times. ...

Some official placenames below are not in Chinese.

Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... Tacheng or Qoqek (Chinese:塔城; pinyin: TÇŽchéng), is a city (1994 est. ... Altay or Aletai (Chinese: 阿勒泰) is a city in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Image:Ghulja. ... Kuitun (Chinese: 奎屯; pinyin: Kuítún) is a county-level city with about 144,000 residents in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. ...

Demographics

• The Kazakhs: 25.4%
• The Han: 45.2%
• The Uyghurs: 15.9%
• The Hui: 8.3%
• The Mongols: 1.69%
• The Xibe: 0.83%

See also: Xabib Yunic A Kazakh and his camel The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazak or Qazaq), (in Kazakh: Қазақ [qɑzɑq]; in Russian: Казах; English term is the transliteration from Russian) are a Turkic-Mongol people of the northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also found in parts of Russia and China). ... Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; pinyin: ) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... The Uyghur 回紇) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group living in northwestern China mainly in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, where they are the largest ethnic group together with Han Chinese, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, and Russia. ... The Hui people (Chinese: 回族; pinyin: ) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of the Islamic religion. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... The Xibe (Sibe; Chinese, 錫伯 Xíbó) are a Chinese ethnic group living mostly in northeast China and Xinjiang. ... This article needs cleanup. ...

External links

• Official site (in Simplified Chinese)
• Subdivision info (in Simplified Chinese)

Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ...