Carlos with fiancée Isabelle Coutant-Peyre

Ilich Ramírez Sánchez (born October 12, 1949) was a militant, mercenary, "professional revolutionary", and playboy; he is better known by the nom de guerre Carlos the Jackal, which may have been given to him by the press after a copy of the Frederick Forsyth novel The Day of the Jackal was found in his hotel room after a police raid. Best-known for a daring 1975 raid on the OPEC headquarters, for many years he was among the most wanted international fugitives. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Ilich Ramirez Sanchez and fiancee File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Ilich Ramirez Sanchez and fiancee File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... 1949 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... The word militant can refer to any individual engaged in warfare, a fight, combat, or generally serving as a soldier. ... A mercenary is a soldier who fights, or engages in warfare primarily for money, usually with little regard for ideological, national or political considerations. ... A pseudonym or allonym is a name (sometimes legally adopted, sometimes purely fictitious) used by an individual as an alternative to their birth name. ... Frederick Forsyth (born August 25, 1938) is a British author and occasional political commentator. ... The Day of the Jackal is a thriller novel by Frederick Forsyth about a professional assassin who, contracted by the Organisation de lArmée Secrète, a French terrorist group of the early 1960s, attempts to kill Charles de Gaulle. ... 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is made up of Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela; since 1965, its international headquarters have been in Vienna, Austria. ...

Biography

Ramírez Sánchez was born in Caracas, Venezuela. His father, a Marxist lawyer, gave him the forename Ilich, after Lenin. He was educated at a local school in Caracas and joined the youth movement of the national communist party in 1959. Apart from his native Spanish, he reportedly speaks Arabic and Russian, as well as some English and French. In 1966, after the divorce of his parents, his mother took him and his brother to London to continue their studies in Stafford House Tutorial College in Kensington. In 1968 his father tried to take him and his brother Lenin to Sorbonne University but eventually opted for Patrice Lumumba University in Moscow. He was expelled from the university in 1970. Cerro Avila, Caracas. ... Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century German philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ... Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин  listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a Russian revolutionary, the leader of the Bolshevik party, the first Premier of the Soviet Union, and the founder of the ideology of Leninism. ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Arabic (العربية) is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... 1966 was a common year starting on Saturday (link goes to calendar) Events January January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. ... Categories: Stub | Middlesex | London Districts ... 1968 was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... ... The Peoples Friendship University of Russia (Росси́йский Университе́т Дру́жбы Наро́дов, РУДН) is located in Moscow. ... Moscow (Russian/Cyrillic: Москва́, pronunciation: Moskvá) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva, and encompassing 1097. ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ...

Apparently he traveled from there to a guerrilla training camp run by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) in Amman, Jordan. It was there that he gained the pseudonym Carlos. He claimed to have fought along side the PFLP members as they resisted the Jordanian government's efforts to expel them in 1970. When he did leave Jordan it was for London where he attended courses at the London School of Economics and apparently worked for the PFLP. Guerrilla (also called a partisan) is a term borrowed from Spanish (from guerra meaning war) used to describe small combat groups. ... The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Arabic Al-Jabhah al-Shabiyyah Li-Tahrir Filastin الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين) is a secular, Marxist-Leninist, nationalist Palestinian organization, founded after the Six-Day War in 1967. ... Amman (Arabic عمان ʿAmmān), the capital of the Kingdom of Jordan, is a city of more than 1. ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster which contains Big Ben Tower Bridge at night A red double-decker bus crosses Piccadilly Circus. ... The London School of Economics and Political Science, it is often referred to as the London School of Economics or the LSE, is a specialist university based in London, regarded as the worlds most prestigious social science institution. ...

Terrorist career

In 1973 Carlos performed his first terrorist act for the PFLP, a failed assassination attempt on Jewish businessman Joseph Sieff prompted by the Mossad murder of Mohamed Boudia, a theatre director accused of being a PFLP leader, in Paris. Ramírez Sánchez also admits responsibility for a failed bomb attack on the Hapoalim Bank in London and car bomb attacks on three French newspapers who were accused of pro-Israeli leanings. He claimed to be the grenade thrower at a Parisian restaurant, an attack that killed two and injured thirty. He later participated in two failed rocket propelled grenade attacks on El Al airliners at Orly Airport near Paris, France on January 13 and 17, 1975. 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... Official seal of the Mossad Ha-Mossad le-Modiin ule-Tafkidim Meyuhadim (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, Institute for Intelligence and Special Tasks) is an Israeli intelligence agency, commonly referred to as Mossad. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster which contains Big Ben Tower Bridge at night A red double-decker bus crosses Piccadilly Circus. ... A rocket propelled grenade (RPG) is a man-portable, shoulder-launched weapon capable of firing an explosive device longer distances than an otherwise unassisted soldier could throw. ... Categories: Airline stubs | Companies of Israel | Transportation in Israel | Airlines of Israel ... Orly Airport is an airport located in Orly, south of Paris, France. ... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ...

On June 27, 1975 Ramírez Sánchez's PFLP contact Lebanon-born Michel Moukharbal was captured and successfully interrogated. When three policemen tried to apprehend him at a house in Paris in the middle of a party, he shot two detectives and Moukharbal, fled the scene, and managed to escape through Brussels to Beirut. It was later revealed that Michel Moukharbal had been secretly working for the Mossad. June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 187 days remaining. ... 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... Emblem of the Brussels-Capital Region Flag of The City of Brussels Brussels (Dutch: Brussel, French: Bruxelles, German: Brüssel) is the capital of Belgium and is considered by many to be the headquarters of the European Union, as two of its three main institutions have their headquarters in the... Central Beirut (2004) Beirut ( Arabic بيروت - the French name, Beyrouth, was also commonly used in English in the past) is the capital, largest city and chief seaport of Lebanon. ...

From Beirut Carlos participated in the planning for the attack on the headquarters of OPEC in Vienna. In December 1975 he led the six-person team that assaulted the meeting of OPEC leaders and took over sixty hostages. On December 22 the terrorists and forty-two hostages were given an airliner and flown to Algiers, where thirty hostages were freed, the DC-9 was then flown on to Tripoli where more hostages were freed before flying back to Algiers where the remaining hostages were freed and the terrorists were granted asylum. Ramírez Sánchez soon left Algeria for Libya and then Aden where he attended a meeting of senior PFLP officials to justify his failure to execute two senior OPEC hostages, oil ministers of Saudi Arabia and Iran. He might have also embezzled some of the ransom money. PFLP leader Wadi Haddad expelled him. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is made up of Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela; since 1965, its international headquarters have been in Vienna, Austria. ... Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]) is the capital of Austria, and also one of Austrias nine federal states (Bundesland Wien). ... 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For other uses, see Algiers (disambiguation). ... The Douglas DC-9 is a twin-engined jet airliner, first manufactured in 1965 and, in much modified form and under a succession of different names, still in production today as the Boeing 717. ... Tripoli (population 1 million, Arabic: Ţarabulus) is the capital of Libya. ... Aden is a city in Yemen, 105 miles East of Bab-el-Mandeb. ...

In September 1976 Ramírez Sánchez was briefly arrested in Yugoslavia and then flown to Baghdad. From there he chose to settle more permanently in Aden, where he set about forming his own group, the Organisation of Arab Armed Struggle, of Syrian, Lebanese and German terrorists. He also formed a contact with East Germany's Stasi. At one stage, Romanian Securitate hired him to assassinate Romanian dissidents in France and destroy Radio Free Europe offices in Munich. With conditional support from the Iraqi regime and the death of Haddad, Carlos offered the services of his group to the PFLP and other groups. 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state that existed from 1945 to 1992. ... A street map of Baghdad Average temperature (red) and precipitations (blue) in Baghdad Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and the Baghdad Province. ... Aden is a city in Yemen, 105 miles East of Bab-el-Mandeb. ... East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR), German Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR), was a Communist state that existed from 1949 to 1990 in the former Soviet occupation zone of Germany. ... This article is about Stasi, the secret police of East Germany. ... The Securitate (Romanian for Security; official full name Departamentul Securităţii statului, State Security Department), was the secret police force of Communist Romania. ... Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a radio and communications organization which is funded by the United States Congress. ... Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München (pronounced listen) is the state capital of the German Bundesland of Bavaria. ...

The group did not perform its first terrorist acts until early in 1982, with a failed attack on a nuclear power station. When two of the group, including Magdalena Kopp, Carlos's wife, were arrested in Paris the group set off a number of bombs in retaliation against French targets. Operations in 1983 included attacks on the "Maison de France" in Berlin in August and two bombs on TGV services in December. These attacks led to pressure on European states that tolerated Ramírez Sánchez. He was expelled from Hungary in late 1985 and was refused aid in Iraq, Libya and Cuba before he found limited support in Syria. He settled in Damascus with Kopp and their daughter Elba Rosa. 1982 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1983 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1985 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Syrian government forced Ramírez Sánchez to remain inactive and he was soon no longer seen as a threat but rather a pathetic figure. However in 1990 the Iraqi government approached him and in September 1991 he was expelled from Syria and eventually found a temporary home in Jordan. He found better protection in Sudan and moved to Khartoum. 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Khartoum (in Arabic, al-Khartûm: الخرطوم, meaning elephant trunk) is the capital of Sudan, at the point where the White Nile coming from Uganda meets the Blue Nile coming from Ethiopia. ...

Arrest and trial

The French and U.S. intelligence agencies offered a number of deals to the Sudanese authorities. The deal may have come through because the Islamic fundamentalists in Sudan were angered by Carlos's playboy attitude. On August 14, 1994 he was handed over to French agents and they flew him to Paris. He was charged with the Paris murders of the two policemen and PFLP guerrilla-turned-Israeli spy Michel Moukharbal in 1975 and sent to La Santé de Paris prison to await trial. The trial began on December 12, 1997 and on December 23 he was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. Islam  listen? (Arabic: al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions, and the worlds second largest religion. ... August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. ... 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... La Santé Prison (French: Maison darrêt de la Santé) is a jail located in Paris, France. ... December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 23 is the 357th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (358th in leap years). ... Life imprisonment is a term used for a particular kind of sentence of imprisonment. ...

He is also known to have had a sporadic correspondence with Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez Frías from his prison cell. Chávez, rather than having denied or tried to conceal this fact, has shown it on a few occasions on his show "¡Haló, Presidente!" (Hello, Mr. President!).

During his career, most of it during the Cold War, western accounts persistently claimed he was a KGB agent but the link is tenuous at best. He did not take part in the Munich Massacre (the attack on Israeli athletes in Munich in 1972) or the 1976 hijacking of Air France Flight 193 to Entebbe. Some terrorist attacks may have been attached to him for lack of anyone else to claim the credit. His own boasts about probably nonexistent "missions" confuse the matter even more. The Cold War was the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. ... The Committee for State Security, or KGB, (Russian: Комите́т Госуда́рственной Безопа́сности; Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti  listen?), was the name of the main Soviet Security Agency and intelligence agency, as well as the main secret police agency from March 13, 1954 to November 6, 1991. ... One of the Black September kidnappers on the balcony of the Israeli hostel at the Olympic village The Munich Massacre occurred at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the Palestinian group Black September, an organization designated terrorist by... Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München (pronounced listen) is the state capital of the German Bundesland of Bavaria. ... 1972 was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Entebbe airport, Uganda, scene of Operation Entebbe Operation Entebbe, actually called Operation Thunderball/Thunderbolt (and afterwards renamed Operation Yonatan after the raid commander, Col. ... Entebbe is a city in Uganda with a population of approximately 90,500. ...

In June 2003, Ramírez Sánchez published a collection of writings from his jail cell. The book, whose title translates to Revolutionary Islam, seeks to explain and defend terrorism in terms of class conflict. In the book, he voices support for Osama bin Laden and his attacks on the United States. 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Osama bin Laden Usāmah bin Muhammad bin `Awad bin Lādin (born July 30 or March 10, 1957) (Arabic: ), commonly known as Osama bin Laden (Arabic: ), is the figurehead of al-Qaeda, an Islamist movement that has been involved in attacks against civilians and military targets around the world. ...

Ramírez Sánchez is, as of 2004, engaged to his lawyer, Isabelle Coutant-Peyre. 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Isabelle Coutant-Peyre is a French lawyer engaged to Ilich Ram rez S nchez (the international terrorist better known by the nom de guerre Carlos the Jackal). She represented Zacarias Moussaoui early during his imprisonment while awaiting trial for his alleged role in the terrorist attacks of September 11. ...

Carlos in Fiction

• Robert Ludlum wrote a series of espionage novels in which Carlos is a major character:
  • The Bourne Identity ISBN 0553260111
  • The Bourne Supremacy ISBN 0553263226
  • The Bourne Ultimatum ISBN 0553287737

(The movies based on these books make no mention of Carlos.)

• Frederick Forsyth wrote a novel, The Day of the Jackal, first published in 1971, in which an international assassin named "The Jackal" is hired to assassinate Charles De Gaulle. A copy of this novel was found in Ramirez Sánchez's hotel room during a police raid. This may be the origin of the "Jackal" nickname. Many erroneously believe that the character portrayed in that novel was based on him, which is impossible as the novel was published before Carlos came to public attention.
• In 1973, Fred Zinnemann directed a movie also named The Day of the Jackal and based on Frederick Forsyth's novel. Actor Edward Fox played the role of the assassin on a film that can be considered as a faithful conversion of the novel.
• Bruce Willis, Richard Gere, and Sidney Poitier starred in a movie called The Jackal about an assassin, loosely based on the Forsyth story.
• In the movie True Lies, the character of Arnold Schwarzenegger, a secret agent, intimidates Bill Paxton's character by (deliberately falsely) accusing him of being a dangerous terrorist called "Carlos".
• In Tom Clancy's book Rainbow Six (ISBN 0425170349), terrorists attempt to have Carlos freed from prison.
• Another film called The Assignment, starring Aidan Quinn, Donald Sutherland and Ben Kingsley is also very loosely based on his story.

Robert Ludlum (May 25, 1927 – March 12, 2001) was the author of 29 spy fiction novels. ... Spy and secret agent redirect here; for alternate use, see Spy (disambiguation) and Secret agent (disambiguation). ... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... The Bourne Identity is a spy fiction thriller by Robert Ludlum about an amnesiac who must discover who he is and why several different groups, including an assassin and the CIA, are trying to kill him. ... The Bourne Supremacy (ISBN 0553263226) is a novel written by Robert Ludlum and a sequel to The Bourne Identity. ... The Bourne Ultimatum is the conclusion to Robert Ludlums Jason Bourne trilogy and a sequel to The Bourne Supremacy. ... Frederick Forsyth (born August 25, 1938) is a British author and occasional political commentator. ... The Day of the Jackal is a thriller novel by Frederick Forsyth about a professional assassin who, contracted by the Organisation de lArmée Secrète, a French terrorist group of the early 1960s, attempts to kill Charles de Gaulle. ... 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... Jack Ruby murdered the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, in a very public manner. ... This article refers to the former French president, Charles de Gaulle. ... 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... Fred Zinnemann (April 29, 1907 - March 14, 1997) was a noted movie director. ... The Day of the Jackal is a thriller novel by Frederick Forsyth about a professional assassin who, contracted by the Organisation de lArmée Secrète, a French terrorist group of the early 1960s, attempts to kill Charles de Gaulle. ... Frederick Forsyth (born August 25, 1938) is a British author and occasional political commentator. ... There have been several well-known individuals named Edward Fox, including: Edward Fox (c. ... Bruce Willis Bruce Willis (born March 19, 1955 as Walter Bruce Willis) is an American actor. ... Richard Tiffany Gere (born August 31, 1949) is an American actor. ... Sir Sidney Poitier, KBE (born February 20, 1927) is an African-American actor. ... This article is about the movie. ... True Lies is a 1994 action movie directed by James Cameron. ... Arnold Schwarzenegger as governor of California, with the gubernatorial seal in the background. ... Bill Paxton (born May 17, 1955 in Fort Worth, Texas) is a notable American actor. ... Tom Clancy Thomas Leo Clancy Jr. ... Rainbow Six is a techno-thriller written by Tom Clancy. ... Aidan Quinn (born March 8, 1959 Chicago, Illinois) is an American actor. ... Donald Sutherland (born July 17, 1935) is a Canadian actor. ... Sir Ben Kingsley (born Krishna Bhanji on December 31, 1943) is an English actor of Indian (Gujarati) and Russian-Jewish descent. ...

References

• Carlos: Portrait of a Terrorist; by Colin Smith. Sphere Books, 1976. ISBN 0233968431.
• Jackal: The Complete Story of the Legendary Terrorist Carlos the Jackal; by John Follain. Arcade Publishing, 1988. ISBN 1559704667.
• To the Ends of the Earth; by David Yallop. New York: Random House, 1993. ISBN 0-679-42559-4. This book was also published under the name Tracking the Jackal.

Colin Smith was Chief Constable of Thames Valley Police in the UK at the time of the Hungerford Massacre. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1988 is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... David Yallop is a British author who writes chiefly about unsolved crimes. ...

External links

• Ramírez Sánchez Ilich at Namebase (http://www.namebase.org/main2/Ilich-Ramirez-sanchez.html)
• Straight Dope Staff Report: What's up with the notorious terrorist Carlos the Jackal? (http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/mcarlos.html)
• CARLOS THE JACKAL: TRAIL OF TERROR (http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/terrorists/jackal/1.html) by Patrick Bellamy