Khanates of Mongolian Empire: Il-Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Empire of the Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty), Golden Horde

The Ilkhanate (also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate) was one of the four divisions within the Mongol Empire. It was centered in the land of Persia and included present-day Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Azerbaijan. It was based, originally, on Genghis Khan's campaigns in the Khwarezmid Empire in 1219-1224, and the continual expansion of Mongol presence under the commands of Chormagan, Baiju, and Eljigidei. Download high resolution version (1132x609, 87 KB)This image is take from Los Angeles Museum of Art. ... Download high resolution version (1132x609, 87 KB)This image is take from Los Angeles Museum of Art. ... Khan (sometimes spelled as xan, han) is a title meaning ruler in Mongolian and Turkish. ... The Ilkhanate (also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate) was one of the four divisions within the Mongol Empire. ... Chagatai Khan (also spelled Djagatai), a son of Genghis Khan, controlled the Mongol Empire territories of Central Asia. ... The Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus; Chinese: 大元大蒙古帝国) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, also called the Mongol Dynasty, was the name given to the significant ruling family of Borjigin in Asia. ... This article refers to the Mongol state in what is now Russia. ... The Mongol Empire (1206–1368) was the largest contiguous empire in world history. ... The new theocratic political system instituted some conservative Islamic reforms and engaged in an anti-Western course. ... For the German pop band, see Dschinghis Khan Genghis Khan (1155/1162/1167–August 18, 1227) (Cyrillic: Чингис Хаан), (also spelled as Chingis Khan, Jenghis Khan, etc. ... The Khwarezmid Empire (also known as the Khwarezmian Empire) was a Muslim state formed by Oghuz Turks in the 11th century in Khwarezmia that lasted until the Mongol invasion in 1220. ... Events Saint Francis of Assisi introduces Catholicism into Egypt, during the Fifth Crusade Ongoing events Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Births Frederick II the Quarrelsome, last Babenberg Duke of Austria Deaths Jayavarman VII, ruler of the Khmer Empire Minamoto no Sanetomo, third shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate of Japan Monarchs/Presidents... Events Foundation of the University of Naples Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquers Latgallians Births Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile - Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon (reigned from 1217 to 1252) Holy See... Mongol commander in Persia, fl. ... Mongol commander in Persia (fl. ... Eljigidei was a Mongol commander in Persia, fl. ...

The founder of the Ilkhanate dynasty was Hulegu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Kublai Khan. Taking over from Baiju in 1255 or 1256, he had been charged with subduing the Muslim kingdoms to the west "as far as the borders of Egypt." His expedition, however, was halted in Palestine by the death of the khan Möngke, after which the Mongols largely withdrew, and suffered a sharp defeat at the Battle of Ain Jalut. Hulagu Khan (also known as Hülegü, and Hulegu) (1217–8 February 1265) was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia. ... For the German pop band, see Dschinghis Khan Genghis Khan (1155/1162/1167–August 18, 1227) (Cyrillic: Чингис Хаан), (also spelled as Chingis Khan, Jenghis Khan, etc. ... Kublai Khan or Khubilai Khan (1215 – 1294), Mongol military leader, was Khan (1260-1294) of the Mongol Empire and founder and first Emperor (1279-1294) of the Chinese Yuan Dynasty. ... Events Königsberg was founded Births Emperor Albert I of Germany, in July Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Categories: 1255 ... Events Hanseatic League formed. ... Palestine (Latin: Syria Palæstina; Hebrew: פלשתינה Palestina, ארץ־ישראל Eretz Yisrael; Arabic: فلسطين Filasá¹­Ä«n) is the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the banks of the Jordan River, plus various adjoining lands to the east. ... Möngke Khan (1208-1259, also transliterated as Mongke, Mongka, Möngka, Mangu) was the fourth khan of the Mongol Empire. ... The Battle of Ain Jalut (or Ayn Jalut, the Spring of Goliath) took place on September 3, 1260 between the Mameluks and the Mongols in Palestine. ...

After the accession of his brother Kublai Khan, Hulegu returned, and the succession thereafter continued through his family--the true start of the Il-Khans, a term which means "subordinate khan", and refers to their initial deference to Kublai in ultimate sovereignty. Hulegu's descendents ruled Persia for the next eighty years, ultimately converting to Islam. (Ghazan was the first khan to do so.) The Il-khans remained opposed to the Mamluks, (who had defeated both Mongol invaders and crusaders); but were never able to gain significant ground against them, eventually being forced to give up their aims on Syria, and their stranglehold over their vassals the Sultanate of Rum and the Armenian kingdom in Cilicia. This was due to the hostility of the khanates to the north and east--the Chagatai khanate in Mughulistan and the Blue Horde of Batu threatened the Ilkhanate in the Caucasus and Transoxiana, preventing expansion westward. Even under Hülegü's reign, the Ilkhanate was engaged in open warfare in the Caucasus with the Mongols in the Russian steppes. Kublai Khan or Khubilai Khan (1215 – 1294), Mongol military leader, was Khan (1260-1294) of the Mongol Empire and founder and first Emperor (1279-1294) of the Chinese Yuan Dynasty. ... Khan (sometimes spelled as xan, han) is a title meaning ruler in Mongolian and Turkish. ... Ghazan Khan was ruler of the Ilkhanate from 1295 to 1305. ... An Ottoman Mamluk, from 1810 Mamluks (or Mameluks) (the Arabic word usually translates as owned, singular: مملوك plural: مماليك) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for themselves. ... The Sultanate of Rûm was a Seljuk sultanate in Anatolia from 1077 to 1307. ... In ancient geography, Cilicia (Ki-LIK-ya) formed a district on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus. ... Chagatai can refer to different things: Chagatai Khanate Chagatai Khan Chagatai language This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Blue Horde was one of descendat states which formed around 1227 as the Mongol Empire desintegrated. ... Batu Khan (c. ...

Under the harsh reign of the succeeding emperors after Hulegu, the Muslim majority were oppressed under the Buddhist emperors, who encouraged the flourishment of Tibetan Buddhism and Nestorianism. However, with the conversion of Ghazan to Islam, Islam rose once again, and their Buddhist and Christian counterparts were severely harassed. This pattern continued under his brother Öljeitü, whose magnificent tomb in Soltaniyeh remains the best known monument of Ilkhanid rule in Persia. Hulagu Khan (also known as Hülegü, and Hulegu) (1217–8 February 1265) was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم) is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Tibetan Buddhism, (formerly also called Lamaism after their religious gurus known as lamas), is the body of religious Buddhist doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and the Himalayan region. ... The term Nestorianism is eponymous, even though the person who lent his name to it always denied the associated belief. ... Ghazan Khan was ruler of the Ilkhanate from 1295 to 1305. ... Islam   listen? (Arabic: al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions, and the worlds second largest religion. ... Öljeitü (1280 - December 16, 1316, in Soltaniyeh, near Kazvin), was the eight Ilkhanate ruler in Iran, resigned from 1304 to 1316. ... Soltaniyeh, situated in the Province of Zanjan, some 240 km to the north-west from Tehran, used to be the capital of Ilkhanid rulers of Persia in the 14th century. ...

After Abu Sa'id's death in 1335, the khanate began to disintegrate rapidly, and split up into several rival successor states, most prominently the Jalayirids. The last of the obscure Il-khan pretenders was assassinated in 1353. Timur the Lame later carved a state from the Jalayirids, ostensibly to restore the old khanate. Abu Said is the name of many rulers. ... Events The Decameron was finished by Giovanni Boccaccio. ... For the chess engine Tamerlane, see Tamerlane. ...

The historian Rashid al-Din wrote a universal history for the khans around 1315 which provides much material for their history. Rashid al-Din Tabib (1247-1318), a Persian official of the 13th-14th century C.E. Ilkhanid court, wrote an enormous universal history, the Jami al-Tawarikh, in the Persian language. ...

Golden Rhyton from Irans Achaemenid period. ... An Elamite Man in Persepolis The ancient Elamite Empire (تمدن عیلام in Persian) lay to the east of Sumer and Akkad, in what is now southwestern Iran. ... The Medes were an Iranian people of Indo-Iranian origin who lived in the western and north-western portion of present-day Iran. ... Achaemenid empire in its greatest extent The Achaemenid Dynasty (Hakamanishiya in the Avestan language, هخامنشی - transliterated Hakamanshee in Modern Persian) was an iranian dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire, including Cyrus the Great, Darius the Great and Xerxes I. At the height of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of Persia ruled... After the death of Alexander the Great in the afternoon of 11 June 323 BC, his empire was divided by his generals, the Diadochi(successors). ... Parthian Empire at its greatest extent, c60 BC. The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Parthia was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the East and... Sassanid Empire at its greatest extent The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia (Iran) during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Umayyad... Tomb of Ghaboos ebne Voshmgir, built in 1007AD, rises 160 ft from its base. ... The Samanid dynasty (819-999) was a Persian dynasty in Central Asia, named after its founder Saman Khuda. ... The Buwayhids were a Shiite Muslim tribal confederation from the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. ... The Ghaznavid Empire was a state in the region of todays Afghanistan that existed from 963 to 1187. ... The Seljuk Turks (Turkish: Selçuk; Arabic: سلجوق SaljÅ«q, السلاجقة al-Salājiqa; Persian: سلجوقيان SaljÅ«qiyān; also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that occupied parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries. ... The Khwarezmid Empire (also known as the Khwarezmian Empire) was a Muslim state formed by Oghuz Turks in the 11th century in Khwarezmia that lasted until the Mongol invasion in 1220. ... The Muzaffarids were a Sunni Arab family that came to power in Iran following the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 14th century. ... Timurids Map The Timurids were a Turkic-Mongol dynasty of Iran established by the Mongol Timur (Tamerlane). ... The Safavid Empire at its 1512 borders. ... Tomb of Nader Shah Afshar, a popular tourist attraction in Mashad. ... Vakeel mosque, Shiraz. ... Mullahs in the court of a Safavid monarch, Iran. ... The Pahlavi dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Iran from 1925 to 1979, from which two Shahs were drawn. ... Protestors take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini. ... In 1206 AD, a single Mongolian state was formed based on nomadic tribal groupings under the leadership of Chinghis Khan (see Genghis Khan). ... Origins of the Mongols Archaeological evidence places early Stone Age human habitation in the southern Gobi between 100,000 and 200,000 years ago. ... The Mongol Empire (1206–1368) was the largest contiguous empire in world history. ... Chagatai Khan (also spelled Djagatai), a son of Genghis Khan, controlled the Mongol Empire territories of Central Asia. ... This article refers to the Mongol state in what is now Russia. ... The Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus; Chinese: 大元大蒙古帝国) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, also called the Mongol Dynasty, was the name given to the significant ruling family of Borjigin in Asia. ... The Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus; Chinese: 元朝) (1271-1368), also called the Mongol Dynasty, was a significant ruling family in Asia. ... The Oyirad (also spelled Oirat) is an alliance of the western Mongols. ... Jüün Ghar was a tribe of the Oyirad Mongols. ... The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qÄ«ng cháo; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner Asia, establishing... Outer Mongolia was a Manchu outerland (1691-1911), an autonomous state under Russian protection (1912-1919), and again a Chinese province (1919-1921). ... Inner Mongolia (Mongolian: ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠨᠺᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠺᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ r Mongghul-un bertegen Jasaqu Orun; Chinese: 内蒙古自治区; Hanyu Pinyin: N i Měnggǔ Z qū) is an Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Buryat Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Буря́тия; Buryat: Буряад Республика) is a Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Republic of Kalmykia (Russian: Респу́блика Калмы́кия; Kalmyk: Хальм Тангч) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... 1911: Mongolia declares independence under Bogd haan. ...

Il-Khans

• Hulegu Khan (1256-1265)
• Abaqa (1265-1282)
• Teguder (1282-1284)
• Arghun (1284-1291)
• Gaykhatu (1291-1295)
• Baydu (1295)
• Mahmud Ghazan (1295-1304)
• Öljeitü (1304-1316)
• Abu Sa'id (1316-1335)
• Arpa Ke'un (1335-1336)

Fragmentation. The regional states established during the disintegration of the Il-khanate raised their own candidates as claimants. Hulagu Khan (also known as Hülegü, and Hulegu) (1217–8 February 1265) was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia. ... Abaqa Khan reigned from 1265-1282, the son of Hulegu and Oroqina Khatun, a Mongol Christian, was the second Il_Khan emperor in Persia. ... Ahmed Tekuder (reigned 1282-1284) was the brother of Abaqa. ... Arghun Khan (1250-1295) was the fourth Ilkhan emperor. ... Gaykhatu was the fifth Ilkhanate ruler in Iran. ... Baydu (died in 1295), was the sixth Ilkhanate ruler in Iran. ... Mahmud Ghazan (November 5, 1271 - May 11, 1304) was the seventh ruler of the Ilkhanate in Iran from 1295 to 1304. ... Öljeitü (1280 - December 16, 1316, in Soltaniyeh, near Kazvin), was the eight Ilkhanate ruler in Iran, resigned from 1304 to 1316. ... Abu Said (1316-1335 CE, 716-736 AH, aka Abusaid Bahador Khan, Abu Sayed Behauder) was the ruler of the Ilkhan state. ... Arpa Keun (d. ...

• Musa (1336-1337) (puppet of 'Ali Padshah of Baghdad)
• Muhammad Khan (1336-1338) (Jalayirid puppet)
• Sati Beg (1338-1339) (Chobanid puppet)
• Suleiman Khan (1339-1343) (Chobanid puppet, recognized by the Sarbadars 1341-1343)
• Jahan Temur (1339-1340) (Jalayirid puppet)
• Anusirvan (1343-1353) (Chobanid puppet)

Claimants from eastern Persia: Musa Khan was an Ilkhan from 1336 to 1337. ... The Chobanids (also known as the Chupanids) were members of a Mongol family that came to prominence in 14th century Persia. ...

• Togha Temur (c. 1338-1353) (recognized by the Kartids 1338-1349; by the Jalayirids 1338-1339, 1340-1344; by the Sarbadars 1338-1341, 1344, 1353)
• Luqman (1353-????)

See Also

• Full list of Iranian Kingdoms

The following is a comprehensive list of all Persian Empires and their rulers: // Before Islam Elamite Empire, 2700-660 BC The Elamites were a people located in Susa, in what is now Khuzestan province. ...

External links

• Ilkhanids Dynasty Mongolian dynasty