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The illegal drug trade is a global black market consisting of the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of illegal drugs. While some drugs are legal to possess and sell, in most jurisdictions laws prohibit the trade of certain types of drug. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...
Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. ...
USCG HH-65 Dolphin USCG HH-60J JayHawk The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is at all times a branch of the United States armed forces a maritime law enforcement agency, and a federal regulatory body. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into underground economy. ...
For other meanings, see Drug (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ...
For the general concept, see Prohibitionism. ...
The illegal drug trade operates similarly to other underground markets . Various drug cartels specialize in the separate processes along the supply chain, often localized to maximize production efficiency. Depending on the profitability of each layer, cartels may vary in size, consistency, and organization. The chain ranges from low-level street dealers who may be individual drug users themselves, through ethnicity-based street gangs and contractor-like middlemen, up to multinational empires that rival governments in size. Retail selling Street selling is the bottom of the chain and can be accomplished through purchasing from prostitutes, through cloaked retail stores or refuse houses for users in the act located in red-light districts which often also deal in paraphernalia, dealers marketing merriment at night clubs and other events...
A supply chain, logistics network, or supply network is a coordinated system of organizations, people, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service in physical or virtual manner from supplier to customer. ...
Not to be confused with Medication. ...
A gang is a group of individuals who share a common identity and, in current usage, engage in illegal activities. ...
A contractor is a legal term for one who enters into a binding agreement to perform a certain service or provide a certain product in exchange for valuable consideration, monetary, goods,services, even barter arrangements. ...
Middle man or middleman may mean: An employee - typically a salesperson - who acts on behalf of a company when dealing with customers middle_man (AIM plugin), an AOL Instant Messenger plugin created by Krunch Software Middleman node, a node in anonymity networks such as Tor or Mixmaster that only forwards messages...
Illegal drugs may be grown in wilderness areas, on farms, produced in indoor or outdoor residential gardens or indoor hydroponic grow-ops, or manufactured in drug labs located anywhere from a residential basement to an abandoned facility. The common characteristic binding these production locations is that they are discrete to avoid detection, and thus they may be located in any ordinary setting without raising notice. Much illegal drug cultivation and manufacture takes place in developing nations, although production also occurs in the developed world. For other uses, see Wilderness (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Farm (disambiguation). ...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
Hydroponics is the growing of plants without soil. ...
A grow-op is a short term for a marijuana grow operation in which cannabis plants are grown in a (usually domestic) setting, sometimes with the intent of creating large amounts of marijuana for commercial purposes. ...
Clandestine chemistry generally refers to chemistry carried out in illegal drug laboratories, but can include any kind of laboratory operation carried on in secret. ...
A townhouse with basement windows showing A basement is one or more floors of a building that are either completely or partially below the ground floor. ...
A developing country is a country with low average income compared to the world average. ...
In locales where the drug trade is illegal, police departments as well as courts and prisons may expend significant resources in pursuing drug-related crime. Additionally, through the influence of a number of black market players, corruption is a problem, especially in poorer societies. A trial at the Old Bailey in London as drawn by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin for Ackermanns Microcosm of London (1808-11). ...
DEA Operation Mallorca, 2005 Drug deal Illegal drugs are related to crime in multiple ways. ...
Consumption of illegal drugs is widespread globally. While consumers avoid taxation by buying on the black market, the high costs involved in protecting trade routes from law enforcement lead to vastly inflated prices. A trade route is the sequence of pathways and stopping places used for the commercial transport of cargo. ...
Additionally, various laws criminalize certain kinds of trade of drugs that are otherwise legal (for example, untaxed cigarettes). In these cases, the drugs are often manufactured and partially distributed by the normal legal channels, and diverted at some point into illegal channels.
Finally, many governments restrict the production and sale of large classes of drugs through prescription systems. A prescription drug is a licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a prescription before it can be obtained. ...
Origins In jurisdictions where legislation restricts or prohibits the possession or sale of drugs, most commonly psychoactive drugs, potential drug buyers and sellers are unable to transact in the open. Only illegal drug trade remains an option, and when such trade occurs a black market is born. Legislation (or statutory law) is law which has been promulgated (or enacted) by a legislature or other governing body. ...
Many drugs are provided in tablet form. ...
An assortment of psychoactive drugs A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. ...
Since the drug transaction itself is illegal, any participants in the trade are by definition criminal. With no significant additional cost to being convicted of drug charges, previous convicts hold a competitive advantage in providing illegal drug products. for other uses please see Crime (disambiguation) A crime is an act that violates a political or moral law. ...
Competitive advantage (CA) is a position that a firm occupies in its competitive landscape. ...
History
 1921 photograph of Chinese Maritime Officers with 300lbs of smuggled morphine shipped in cylinders of soda sulphate from Japan. - See also: Drug prohibition, First Opium War, and Second Opium War
The trade of drugs has existed for as long as the drugs themselves have existed. However, the trade of drugs was fully legal until the introduction of drug prohibition. The history of the illegal drug trade is thus closely tied to the history of drug prohibition. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 325 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (622 × 1147 pixel, file size: 151 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 325 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (622 × 1147 pixel, file size: 151 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
This article is about the drug. ...
Many drugs are provided in tablet form. ...
Combatants Qing China British East India Company Commanders Daoguang Emperor Charles Elliot, Anthony Blaxland Stransham The First Opium War or the First Anglo-Chinese War was fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing Empire in China from 1839 to 1842 with the aim of forcing China to import British...
Combatants Qing China United Kingdom French Empire Commanders Unknown Michael Seymour James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros The Second Opium War or Arrow War was a war of the United Kingdom and France against the Qing Dynasty of China from 1856 to 1860. ...
Many drugs are provided in tablet form. ...
In the First Opium War, Great Britain attempted to force China to allow British merchants to trade in opium with the general population of China. Although illegal by imperial decree, smoking opium was common in the 1800s and was believed to cure many health problems. Combatants Qing China British East India Company Commanders Daoguang Emperor Charles Elliot, Anthony Blaxland Stransham The First Opium War or the First Anglo-Chinese War was fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing Empire in China from 1839 to 1842 with the aim of forcing China to import British...
This article is about the drug. ...
// Invention of the Jacquard loom in 1801. ...
Illegal trade of legal drugs Legal drugs can be the subject of smuggling and illegal trading if the price difference between the origin and the destination are high enough to make it profitable, due to high taxes or other restrictions in the destination locale. If a large price difference exists without legal restrictions, then legal trade of drugs can take place between the two markets. An assortment of psychoactive drugs A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Alcohol and tobacco -
With taxes on tobacco much higher in the United Kingdom than on mainland Europe there exists a sizable untaxed cigarette market in the UK. [1] Likewise in other regions where high-tax and low- or no-tax societies exist nearby, such as Canada and parts of the United States as well as various Indian reservations. It is also illegal to sell or give tobacco or alcohol to minors in some of these areas, which is considered smuggling throughout most MEDCountries. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ...
“Taxes†redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
This article is about Native Americans. ...
World map indicating Human Development Index (as of 2004). ...
Prescription drugs Some prescription drugs are also available by illegal means, eliminating the need to manufacture and process the drugs. For example, prescription opioids such as the group of the fentanyl analogues are much stronger than heroin found on the street. They are sourced either from stolen or partly divided prescriptions sold by medical practices and occasionally from Internet sale. Benzodiazepines, in particular temazepam and flunitrazepam, are also frequently diverted to the black market through forged prescriptions, pharmacy robberies and doctor shopping. In Malaysia and Singapore, there occurs similar diversion of nimetazepam. However, it is much easier to control traffic in prescription drugs than in banned drugs because the manufacturer is usually an originally legal enterprise and thus the leak can often be readily found and countered. There might also be an advantage in reduced risk of contaminated or poor to outright toxic produce common with illegal clandestine laboratory production. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3328 × 4992 pixel, file size: 4. ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3328 × 4992 pixel, file size: 4. ...
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a bureau of the United States Department of Homeland Security, is charged with regulating and facilitating international trade, collecting import duties, and enforcing U.S. trade laws. ...
// ...
A prescription drug is a licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a prescription before it can be obtained. ...
An opioid is a chemical substance that has a morphine-like action in the body. ...
Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic, first synthesized by Janssen Pharmaceutica (Belgium) in the late 1950s, with a potency many times that of morphine. ...
Alprazolam 2mg tablets The benzodiazepines (pronounced , or benzos for short) are a class of psychoactive drugs considered as minor tranquilizers with varying hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic properties, which are brought on by slowing down the central nervous system. ...
Temazepam (marketed under brand names Restoril®, Normison®, Planum®, Tenox® and Temaze®) is a benzodiazepine derivative with powerful hypnotic properties. ...
Flunitrazepam (IPA: ; is marketed by Roche under the trade name Rohypnol. ...
Forgery is the process of making or adapting objects or documents (see false document), with the intention to deceive. ...
The concept of doctor shopping relates to a patients addiction or reliance on a certain prescription drug or other medical treatment. ...
Nimetazepam (marketed under brand name Erimin®) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Clandestine chemistry generally refers to chemistry carried out in illegal drug laboratories, but can include any kind of laboratory operation carried on in secret. ...
Internet and controlled substances "No Prescription Websites" (NPWs) offer to sell controlled substances without a valid prescription. NPWs were first recognized by the U.S. Justice Department in 1999, indicating that such sites had been operating at least through the late 1990s. NPWs enable dealers and users to complete transactions without direct contact, meanwhile many NPWs accept credit cards, others only accept cash thereby further reducing any paper trail. Many NPWs are hosted in countries in which specific categories of controlled substances are locally legal (e.g. prescription opioids in Mexico), but because of the global nature of the internet, NPWs are able to do (mostly illegal) business with customers around the globe. In addition to prescription opioids, stimulants, and sedatives, steroids are often widely distributed. To date, no websites have been found selling illegal drugs like heroin, or illegal amphetamine derivatives. Some police have uncovered several instances of drug vendors or drug rings using Craigslist personal ads to solicit drug business using code words and phrases. All other categories of drugs are available online. The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) is a Cabinet department in the United States government designed to enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans. ...
Craigslist is a centralized network of online communities, featuring free classified advertisements (with jobs, internships, housing, personals, for sale/barter/wanted, services, community, gigs, resume, and pets categories) and forums on various topics. ...
2004 saw the conclusion of Operation Web Tryp, focusing on companies selling so-called research chemicals, legal psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines on the Internet. Operation Web Tryp was a United States Drug Enforcement Administration operation that ended on July 21, 2004, with the arrests of 10 persons. ...
This article covers research chemicals in the sense of legal or quasi-legal psychoactive drugs. ...
Phenethylamine, or β-Phenylethylamine, is an alkaloid and monoamine. ...
Tryptamine (3-(2-aminoethyl)indole) is a monoamine compound that is widespread in nature. ...
Foreign intervention Some governments that criminalize drug trade have a policy of interfering heavily with foreign states. In 1989, the United States intervened in Panama with the goal of disrupting the drug trade coming from Panama. The Indian government has several covert operations in the Middle East and Indian subcontinent to keep a track of various drug dealers. ...
Covert operations are military or political activities that are not only clandestine (undertaken in a manner that disguises the identity of the perpetrators) but also covert, i. ...
A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...
Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ...
Size of illegal drug trade Some estimates placed the value of the global trade in illegal drugs at around US$400 billion in the year 2000; that, added to the global trade value of legal drugs at the same time, totals to an amount higher than the amount of money spent for food in the same period of time. In the 2005 United Nations World Drug Report, the value of the global illicit drug market for the year 2003 was estimated at US$13 billion at the production level, at US$94 billion at the wholesale level, and US$322 - $400[2] billion based on retail prices and taking seizures and other losses into account. The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ...
Violent resolutions Because disputes cannot be resolved through legal means, participants at every level of the illegal drug industry are inclined to compete with one another through violence. In the late 1990s in the United States, the FBI estimates that 5% of murders were drug-related.[3] For other uses, see Violence (disambiguation). ...
Many have argued that the arbitrariness of drug prohibition laws from the medical point of view, especially the theory of harm reduction, worsens the problems around these substances. Harm reduction is a philosophy of public health, intended to be a progressive alternative to the prohibition of certain potentially dangerous lifestyle choices. ...
Minors and the illegal drug trade The U.S. government's most recent 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) reported that nationwide over 800,000 adolescents ages 12-17 sold illegal drugs during the 12 months preceding the survey. [1] The 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that nationwide 25.4% of students had been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug by someone on school property. The prevalence of having been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property ranged from 15.5% to 38.7% across state CDC surveys (median: 26.1%) and from 20.3% to 40.0% across local surveys (median: 29.4%). [2]
Despite over $7 billion spent annually towards arresting [3] and prosecuting nearly 800,000 people across the country for marijuana offenses in 2005 (FBI Uniform Crime Reports), the federally-funded Monitoring the Future Survey reports about 85% of high school seniors find marijuana “easy to obtain.” That figure has remained virtually unchanged since 1975, never dropping below 82.7% in three decades of national surveys. [4]
Trade of specific drugs The price per gram of heroin is typically 8 to 10 times that of cocaine on US streets.[5] Generally in Europe (except the transit countries Portugal and the Netherlands), a purported gram of street Heroin, which is usually between 0.7 and 0.8 grams light to dark brown powder consisting of 5-10%, less commonly up to 20%, heroin base, is between 30 and 70 euros, which makes for an effective price of pure heroin per gram of between 300 and 2000 euros.
The purity of street cocaine in Europe is usually in the same range as it is for heroin, the price being between 50 and 100 euros per between 0.7 and 1.0 grams. This totals to a cocaine price range between 500 and 2000 euros.
Anabolic steroids -
According to the Office of National Drug Control Policy, anabolic steroids are relatively easy to smuggle into the United States. Once there, they are often sold at gyms and competitions as well as through mail operations. Anabolic steroids are a class of natural and synthetic steroid hormones that promote cell growth and division, resulting in growth of muscle tissue and sometimes bone size and strength. ...
The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), a component of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, was established in 1988 by the Anti-Drug Abuse Act. ...
Cannabis -
In World Drug report 2006 UNODC focused on The New cannabis, distribution of stronger marijuana with more THC and its health effects.[4] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 193 KB)[edit] Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 193 KB)[edit] Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Cannabis, also known as marijuana[1] or ganja,[2] is a psychoactive product of the plant Cannabis sativa L. subsp. ...
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is a United Nations agency which was founded in 1997 as the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention with the intent to fight drugs and crime on an international level. ...
The acronym THC has several possible meanings: Teens Hate Chains, a Japanese singing group Tetrahydrocannabinol, the main active ingredient in Cannabis Tetrahydrocurcuminoids, extracted from Turmeric as an active ingredient in cosmetics Texas Historical Commission Therapeutic Humane Cannabis Act Thermohaline circulation The History Channel Terminal Handling Charges This page concerning a...
In the United States, when cannabis is not grown in large-scale "grow ops" warehouses or other large establishments such as mountain ranges or grown for limited distribution in small-scale such as under houses or backyard projects, it is usually imported from Canada, Mexico or farther south [citation needed]. Most of the cannabis sold commercially in the U.S. is grown in hidden grow operations with the majority grown in the Midwest or in the California area which naturally has some of the world's best soil for growing crops. Much of the cannabis in the United States is imported from Mexico, however this cannabis is usually low quality sometimes referred to as brown bud, regs, regular, schwag, mersh, or dirt weed. The packaging methods used are often crude resulting in compressed or "bricked" weed. The cannabis imported from British Columbia in Canada, known as BC bud or BC Beast, is sometimes of higher quality than cannabis grown in the United States (though cannabis from Northern California has a similar reputation). Again, due to flaws in packaging and shipping, cannabis that has travelled a long distance frequently is tainted with a strong smell of (lawn) grass, hay or alfalfa. Locally grown produce does not ordinarily smell this way, although outdoor-grown weed often smells of other plant material due to its mingled upbringing in nature. Around 40% of US marijuana is grown inside of the country. This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...
Psilocybin mushrooms Psilocybe mushrooms grow naturally in most climates, thus this drug market is financially less lucrative, even though there is no doubt a certain kind of commercial growing of the Psilocybe mushrooms, half-legally in the Netherlands and illegally from different stages of maturity/manufacture of chewable dried mushroom tissue. Psychonauts will often grow these mushrooms or pick them for themselves as they are common to find in many places of the world. This article or section is missing citation of sources. ...
A psychonaut (from the Greek ψυχοναÏτης, meaning literally a sailor of the mind) is a person who uses trance technologies from any of the worlds religions, modern psychology, meditation, and other assorted paradigms, to explore the psyche, their own consciousness, and potentially improve real performance of certain psychological tasks. ...
Alcohol -
In some areas of the world, particularly in and around the Arabian peninsula, the trade of alcohol is strictly prohibited. For example, Pakistan bans the trade because of its large Muslim population. Similarly, Saudi Arabia forbids the importation of alcohol into its kingdom, however, alcohol is smuggled in very high quantities. Fugitive Cassandra Dickerson was a noted crminal smuggler responsible for 90% of the alcohol being smuggled into Saudi Arabia in 2003.[6] In other areas it is considered like any other beverage, and is legal. In still other areas, there is an age limit for consumers, and a license is necessary to sell alcohol. Alcoholic beverages An alcoholic beverage (also known as booze in slang term) is a drink containing ethanol, commonly known as alcohol, although in chemistry the definition of alcohol includes many other compounds. ...
Pure alcohol or liquids with high alcohol content over a certain percentage or proof, calculated by volume or weight, are also banned in many countries. In Russia, for example, rubbing alcohol is a scheduled drug on par with heroin, and theoretically has the same legal penalties.
Tobacco -
The illegal trade of tobacco is motivated primarily by increasingly heavy taxation. When tobacco products such as name-brand cigarettes are traded illegally, the cost is as little as one third that of retail price due to the lack of taxes being applied as the product is sold from manufacturer to buyer to retailer. It has been reported that smuggling one truckload of cigarettes within the United States leads to a profit of 2 million U.S. dollars. [7] Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ...
The source of the illegally-traded tobacco is often the proceeds from other crimes, such as store and transportation robberies.
Sometimes, the illegal trade of tobacco is motivated by differences in taxes in two jurisdictions, including smuggling across international borders. Smuggling of tobacco from the US into Canada has been problematic, and sometimes political where trans-national native communities are involved in the illegal trade.
The kingdom of Bhutan made the sale of tobacco illegal in December 2004, [8] and since this time a flourishing black market in tobacco products has sprung up. In 2006, tobacco and betel nut were the most commonly seized illicit drugs in Bhutan. [9] Binomial name Areca catechu Linnaeus Areca nut, or pinang, more commonly known as betel nut, is the seed of the betel palm or Areca catechu, a species of palm tree which grows throughout the Pacific, Asia, and parts of east Africa. ...
Opium -
International illicit trade in opium is relatively rare. Major smuggling organizations prefer to further refine opium into heroin before shipping to the consumer countries, since a given quantity of heroin is worth much more than an equivalent amount of opium. As such, heroin is more profitable, and much stronger, because heroin metabolizes directly into the main naturally-occurring psychoactive substance in opium - morphine. This article is about the drug. ...
For other uses, see Heroin (disambiguation). ...
Heroin/Morphine -
Heroin is smuggled into the United States and Europe. Purity levels vary greatly by region with, for the most part, Northeastern cities having the most pure heroin in the United States (according to a recently released report by the DEA, Elizabeth and Newark, New Jersey, have the purest street grade A heroin in the country). Heroin is a very easily smuggled drug because a small, quarter-sized vial can contain hundreds of doses[citation needed]. Heroin is also widely (and usually illegally) used as a powerful and addictive drug that produces intense euphoria, which often disappears with increasing tolerance. This 'rush' comes from its high lipid solubility provided by the two acetyl groups, resulting in a very rapid penetration of the blood-brain barrier after use. Once in the blood stream, heroin is rapidly converted to morphine. The morphine then binds to the opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, causing the subjective effects. Heroin and morphine can be taken or administered in a number of ways, including snorting and injection. They may also be smoked by inhaling the vapors produced when heated from below (known as "chasing the dragon"). Penalties for smuggling heroin and/or morphine are often harsh in most countries. Some countries will readily hand down a death sentence for the illegal smuggling of heroin or morphine, which are both, internationally, Schedule I drugs under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. In various Asian countries, including Singapore and Malaysia, heroin and morphine are classed by themselves and penalties for their use, possession, and/or trafficking are more severe than all other drugs, including other opioids and cocaine. For other uses, see Heroin (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the drug. ...
For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
Union County Court House Elizabeth is a city in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. ...
Nickname: Map of Newark in Essex County County Founded/Incorporated 1666/1836 Government - Mayor Cory Booker, term of office 2006–2010 Area [1] - City 67. ...
“NJ†redirects here. ...
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs Opened for signature March 30, 1961 at New York Entered into force December 13, 1964[1] Conditions for entry into force 40 ratifications Parties 180[2] The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is the international treaty against illicit drug manufacture and trafficking that forms the...
Methamphetamine (Meth) -
In some areas of the United States, the trade of methamphetamine is rampant. Because of the ease in production and its addiction rate, methamphetamine is a favorite amongst many drug distributors. This article is about the psychostimulant, d-methamphetamine. ...
According to the Community Epidemiology Work Group, the numbers of clandestine methamphetamine laboratory incidents reported to the National Clandestine Laboratory Database decreased from 1999 to 2004. During this same period, methamphetamine lab incidents increased in midwestern States (Illinois, Michigan, and Ohio), and in Pennsylvania. In 2004, more lab incidents were reported in Illinois (926) than in California (673). In 2003, methamphetamine lab incidents reached new highs in Georgia (250), Minnesota (309), and Texas (677). There were only seven methamphetamine lab incidents reported in Hawaii in 2004, though nearly 59 percent of substance abuse treatment admissions (excluding alcohol) were for primary methamphetamine abuse during the first six months of 2004
Methamphetamine is sometimes used in an injectable form, placing users and their partners at risk for transmission of HIV and hepatitis C[citation needed]. Species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections). ...
This page is for the disease. ...
U.S. Government involvement The U.S. federal government is a vocal opponent of the drug industry and it has set the fact of international standards [citation needed] regarding the legality and illegality of different drugs. State laws vary greatly and in some cases defy federal laws. Despite the US government's official position against the drug trade, US government agents and assets have been implicated in the drug trade. [10] [11] [12]
Oliver North and Barry Seal were caught and investigated during the Iran-Contra scandal, implicated in the use of the drug trade as a secret source of funding for the USA's support of the Contras. Page 41 of the December 1988 Kerry report to the US senate [13] states that "indeed senior US policy makers were not immune to the idea that drug money was a perfect solution to the Contra's funding problem". Oliver Laurence North (born October 7, 1943) is most well known for his involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair. ...
Adler Berriman Seal, or Barry Seal was a pilot, allegedly with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and later drug smuggler turned Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) informant. ...
In the Iran-Contra Affair, United States President Ronald Reagans administration secretly sold arms to Iran, which was engaged in a bloody war with its neighbor Iraq from 1980 to 1988 (see Iran-Iraq War), and diverted the proceeds to the Contra rebels fighting to overthrow the leftist and...
For other uses, see Contra. ...
Highly decorated US military Special Forces veteran, Colonel Bo Gritz (retired) has accused the USA of collaborating with and supporting Manuel Noriega in his drug trafficking operations. In his book Called To Serve, Gritz details his role as a key US Government employee tasked with protecting the USA's relationship with Noriega. For other uses, see Special forces (disambiguation). ...
Bo Gritz James Bo Gritz (born January 18, 1939 in Enid, Oklahoma) was a highly decorated Green Beret officer during the Vietnam War whose post-war activities—notably attempted POW rescues—have proven controversial. ...
For other persons named Noriega, see Noriega (disambiguation). ...
Counter to its official goals, the US has been known to attempt to suppress research on drug usage. For example, in 1995 the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) announced in a press release the publication of the results of the largest global study on cocaine use ever undertaken. However, a decision in the World Health Assembly banned the publication of the study. In the sixth meeting of the B committee the US representative threatened that "If WHO activities relating to drugs failed to reinforce proven drug control approaches, funds for the relevant programmes should be curtailed". This led to the decision to discontinue publication. A part of the study has been recuperated[5]. Available are profiles of cocaine use in 20 countries. “WHO†redirects here. ...
The United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, commonly known as UNICRI is a UN entity formed in 1967. ...
The World Health Assembly is the forum through which the World Health Organization (WHO) is governed by its 192 member states. ...
“WHO†redirects here. ...
Fiction Drug smuggling was the topic of:
Films The French Connection is a 1971 Hollywood film directed by William Friedkin. ...
2002 Penguin Books paperback edition Live and Let Die is the second James Bond novel by Ian Fleming, first published in 1954. ...
Midnight Express is a 1978 film, based on Billy Hayes book of the same name adapted into screenplay by Oliver Stone. ...
Scarface is a 1983 film directed by Brian De Palma, written by Oliver Stone and starring Al Pacino as Antonio Tony Montana. ...
This article is about the film Licence to Kill. ...
Goodfellas (also spelled GoodFellas) is a 1990 film directed by Martin Scorsese, based on the book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi, the true story of mob informer Henry Hill. ...
For the Father Ted episode, see New Jack City (Father Ted). ...
Rush is a crime drama from 1991. ...
Deep Cover is a 1992 thriller film starring Laurence Fishburne and Jeff Goldblum and directed by Bill Duke. ...
Clear and present danger is a term used by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. ...
Clockers is a 1995 film directed by Spike Lee. ...
Trainspotting is a 1996 Academy Award-nominated, BAFTA-winning cult classic film directed by Danny Boyle based on the novel Trainspotting by Irvine Welsh. ...
Brokedown Palace is an American film directed by Jonathan Kaplan and starring Claire Danes and Kate Beckinsale. ...
Traffic is a film directed by Steven Soderbergh that explores the intricacies of the illegal drug trade from a number of perspectives: user, enforcer, politician and trafficker. ...
Requiem for a Dream is a 2000 film adaptation of a 1978 novel of the same name. ...
Blow is a 2001 drama film about the American cocaine smuggler George Jung, directed by Ted Demme (who later died of a cocaine-related heart attack. ...
2 Fast 2 Furious is the 2003 sequel to The Fast and the Furious. ...
Bad Boys II is a 2003 action comedy film by Michael Bay. ...
A Man Apart - Poster 1 A Man Apart - Poster 2 A Man Apart is a 2003 action film starring Vin Diesel and directed by F. Gary Gray. ...
Maria Full of Grace (2004, Spanish title: MarÃa llena eres de gracia, lit. ...
For the novel, see Layer Cake (novel) Layer Cake (also spelled L4YER CAK3) is a 2004 British gangster thriller, directed by Matthew Vaughn. ...
For the 1980s TV series, see Miami Vice. ...
Cocaine Cowboys is a documentary film directed by Billy Corben and produced by Miami based rakontur. ...
Protégé (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: , pronounced as Moon To in Cantonese) is a 106 minutes long 2007 Hong Kong made film. ...
For the term relating to dog behavior, see Alpha (biology). ...
For the Jay-Z album inspired by the film, see American Gangster (album), and to see the television series on BET see American Gangster (TV series) American Gangster is a 2007 crime film written by Steve Zaillian and directed by Ridley Scott. ...
Novels Trainspotting is the first novel by Scottish writer Irvine Welsh. ...
The Power of the Dog is a crime/thriller novel by Don Winslow, based on the DEAs involvement with the War on Drugs. ...
See also The prohibition of drugs is a subject of considerable controversy. ...
Capital punishment is a legal form of punishment in Singapore. ...
A counterfeit drug or a counterfeit medicine is a medication which is produced and sold with the intent to deceptively represent its origin, authenticity or effectiveness. ...
Demand reduction is a term used by drug control authorities to refer to educational and other efforts aimed at stopping people from seeking drugs, as opposed to cutting off their supply. ...
Retail selling Street selling is the bottom of the chain and can be accomplished through purchasing from prostitutes, through cloaked retail stores or refuse houses for users in the act located in red-light districts which often also deal in paraphernalia, dealers marketing merriment at night clubs and other events...
This does not cite its references or sources. ...
DEA Operation Mallorca, 2005 Drug deal Illegal drugs are related to crime in multiple ways. ...
Drugs and prostitution are related in that some drug addicts, most commonly heroin or crack cocaine users, obtain their drugs primarily through prostitution. ...
Mrs. ...
World laws on cannabis possession (small amount). ...
Money laundering is the practice of engaging in financial transactions in order to conceal the identity, source and destination of the money in question. ...
Shine Road The name tells the history of this back road Hemingway, South Carolina The literal meaning of moonshine is the light of the moon, but because the activity of distilling whiskey unlawfully was usually done at night with as little light as possible, the word became both a verb...
Narco-capitalism or narcocapitalism is a capitalist system in which trade in illegal drugs plays a prominent role in the economy. ...
Opium production in Afghanistan is controlled by local Afghan and regional mafia groups of Asia, more particularly of South and Central Asia. ...
Combat at Guangzhou during the Second Opium War The Opium Wars (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), or the Anglo-Chinese Wars were two wars fought around the middle of the 19th century (1839-1842 and 1858-1860 respectively)[1] that were the climax of a long dispute between China and...
For the general concept, see Prohibitionism. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Yogurt Connection was a drug smuggling ring which operated out of Indianapolis, Indiana in the late 1970s and eary 1980s. ...
Massive mark-ups for drugs, areas/drugs/index. ...
Washington leads his troops to western Pennsylvania (Metropolitan Museum of Art) The Whiskey Rebellion, less commonly known as the Whiskey Insurrection, was a popular uprising that had its beginnings in 1791 and culminated in an insurrection in 1794 in the locality of Washington, Pennsylvania, in the Monongahela Valley. ...
United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Opened for signature December 20, 1988[1] at Vienna Entered into force November 11, 1990[2] Conditions for entry into force 20 ratifications Parties 170[3] The 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and...
At one time the death penalty was used in almost every part of the globe; but over the last few decades many countries have abolished it. ...
References For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
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