Many diseases in humans are thought to be directly or indirectly related to nutrition, These include, but are not limited to, deficiency diseases, caused by a lack of essential nutrients. A disease is an abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person afflicted or those in contact with the person. ... It has been suggested that Diet (nutrition) be merged into this article or section. ... // Nutrients and the body A nutrient is any element or compound necessary for or contributing to an organisms metabolism, growth, or other functioning. ...

Additionally, several diseases are directly or indirectly impacted by dietary habits, and require very close attention to the nutrient content of food.

Overnutrition (eating too much)

Proteins/fats/carbohydrates

• Cardiovascular disease (Leading cause of death in the western world); a primary cause is thought to be ingestion of saturated fat and trans fat
• Some cancers
• Diabetes mellitus
• Insulin resistance
• Obesity
• Metabolic syndrome

A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... A great guy, who has put so much into celeb-forum. ... Carbohydrates (literally hydrates of carbon) are chemical compounds that act as the primary biological means of storing or consuming energy, other forms being fat and protein. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Coronary heart disease. ... Saturated fat is fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids. ... A trans fatty acid (commonly shortened to trans fat) is an unsaturated fatty acid molecule that contains a trans double bond between carbon atoms, which makes the molecule less kinked compared to cis fat. Research suggests a correlation between diets high in trans fats and diseases like atherosclerosis and coronary... When normal cells are damaged beyond repair, they are eliminated by apoptosis. ... For the disease characterized by excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, see diabetes insipidus. ... In medicine, insulin resistance is a decompensation of glucose homeostasis where tissues appear to be less responsive to insulin. ... Metabolic syndrome is a combination of medical disorders that affect a large number of people in a clustered fashion. ...

Vitamins

• Vitamin poisoning

Vitamin poisoning, or hypervitaminosis, refers to a condition of high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to toxic symptoms. ...

Microminerals and Macrominerals

• Iron overload disorder

Microminerals (also known as trace elements) are micronutrients that are chemical elements. ... Macrominerals (also known as macroelements or bulk minerals) are macronutrients that are chemical elements. ... In medicine, iron overload disorders are diseases caused by the accumulation of iron in the body. ...

Deficiencies (eating too little)

Proteins/fats/carbohydrates

• protein-energy malnutrition
  • kwashiorkor
  • marasmus

A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... A great guy, who has put so much into celeb-forum. ... Carbohydrates (literally hydrates of carbon) are chemical compounds that act as the primary biological means of storing or consuming energy, other forms being fat and protein. ... Nigerian child with kwashiorkor Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), also known as protein-calorie malnutrition, is a malnutrition and deficiency syndrome in organisms, especially humans caused by the inadequate intake of macronutrients through food in their diet. ... Marasmus is a form of severe protein-energy malnutrition characterised by calorie deficiency and energy deficiency. ...

Vitamin

Also see Avitaminosis, and table of deficiency diseases at human vitamins A vitamin is an organic molecule required by a living organism in minute amounts for proper health. ... Avitaminosis is any disease caused by chronic or long-term vitamin deficiency or caused by a defect in metabolic conversion, such as tryptophan to niacin. ... A vitamin is an organic molecule required by a living organism in minute amounts for proper health. ...

• beriberi
• rickets
• scurvy
• pellagra
• poor immune system function, potentially leading to a wide range of other illnesses.

- night blindness - dry skin - Beriberi is a nervous system ailment caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine), the symptoms of which may include weight loss, emotional disturbances, impaired sensory perception (Wernickes encephalopathy), weakness and pain in the limbs, and periods of irregular heartbeat. ... X-ray of the legs in a two-year-old child with rickets Rickets is a disorder of infancy and early childhood of multiple etiologies. ... Scurvy (N.Lat. ... Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency disease caused by dietary lack of niacin and protein, especially the essential amino acid tryptophan. ... The Immune System (also known as the Immunlological System) is made up of all the mechanisms through which a multicellular organism defends itself from internal invaders such as bacteria, virus or parasites. ...

Microminerals and Macrominerals

• metabolic or nutritionally related disease such as diabetes mellitus or endemic goitre
• zinc deficiency (growth retardation)
• osteoporosis - caused by calcium deficiency
• Iodine deficiency

Microminerals (also known as trace elements) are micronutrients that are chemical elements. ... Macrominerals (also known as macroelements or bulk minerals) are macronutrients that are chemical elements. ... For the disease characterized by excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, see diabetes insipidus. ... A goitre (or goiter) (Latin struma), also called a bronchocele, is a swelling in the neck (just below adams apple or larynx) due to an enlarged thyroid gland. ... General Name, Symbol, Number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Atomic mass 65. ... Osteoporosis is a disease of bone in which bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is changed. ... General Name, Symbol, Number calcium, Ca, 20 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 40. ... Iodine is an essential trace element; the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodotyronine contain iodine. ...

See also

• Malnutrition
• Essential nutrient
• List of ICD-10 codes (E54-E64) -- detailed taxonomy
• Obesity