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The Illyrian languages are a group of Indo-European languages that were spoken in the western part of the Balkans ^[1] in former times by ethnic groups identified as Illyrians: Delmatae, Pannoni, Illyrioi, Autariates, Taulanti (see List of Illyrian tribes). The Illyrian languages are generally, but not unanimously, reckoned as centum languages. Location of Illyria Illyria (Albanian Iliria Land of the Free; Ancient Greek ; Latin Illyria [1] (see also Illyricum) was in Classical antiquity a region in the western part of todays Balkan Peninsula, founded by the tribes and clans of Illyrians, an ancient people who spoke the Illyrian languages. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... An extinct language is a language which no longer has any native speakers, in contrast to a dead language, which is is a language which has stopped changing in grammar, vocabulary, and the complete meaning of a sentence. ... The 6th century is the period from 501 - 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... Current distribution of Human Language Families A language family is a group of related languages said to have descended from a common proto-language. ... The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred related languages and dialects [1], including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many spoken in the Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the Iranian plateau (Southwest Asia), and Central Asia. ... ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ... ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ... ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Unicode is an industry standard allowing computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in any of the worlds writing systems. ... The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred related languages and dialects [1], including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many spoken in the Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the Iranian plateau (Southwest Asia), and Central Asia. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Illyria (disambiguation) Illyrians has come to refer to a broad, ill-defined Indo-European[1] group of peoples who inhabited the western Balkans (Illyria, roughly from northern Epirus to southern Pannonia) and even perhaps parts of Southern Italy in classical times into the Common era, and spoke Illyrian languages. ... Dalmatia (Croatian Dalmacija, Italian Dalmazia, Serbian Далмација) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, mostly in modern Croatia, spreading between the island of Pag in the northwest and the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. ... ... The Autariatae (or Autariates) were an Illyrian tribe. ... The Taulanti were an Illyrian tribe. ... This is a list of Illyrian tribes. ... Centum is the collective name for the branches of Indo-European in which the so-called Satem shift, the change of palato-velar *k^, *g^, *g^h into fricatives or affricates, did not take place, and the palato-velar consonants merged with plain velars (*k, *g, *gh). ...

Some sound-changes and other language features are deduced from what remains of the Illyrian languages, but because many writings in Illyrian are lost, it is difficult to clarify its place within the Indo-European language family aside from its probable centum nature. Because of the uncertainty, most sources provisionally place Illyrian on its own branch of Indo-European, though its relation to other languages, ancient and modern, continues to be studied. Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies The Indo-European languages include some 443 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by about three billion people, including most of the major language families of Europe and western Asia, which belong to a single superfamily. ...

Language affinity

Further than belonging to the Indo-European language family, probably as a centum language, the relation of Illyrian to other ancient and modern languages is still being examined by scholars. Today, the main source of authoritative information about the Illyrian language consists of a handful of Illyrian words cited in classical sources, and numerous examples of Illyrian anthroponyms, ethnonyms, toponyms and hydronyms.Out of all the modern languages in europe, Albanian is the most prominent of all to the connection of the Illyrian language. An anthroponym (Gk. ... An ethnonym (Gk. ... In geography and cartography, a toponym is a place name, a geographical name, a proper name of locality, region, or some other part of Earths surface or its natural or artificial feature. ... A hydronym (Gk. ...

Illyrian and Albanian

We made the link between the albanian and the illyrian it has there for a long time: dices 1709 G. W. Leibnitz call albanian "the language of the ancient Illyrians". Other partisans of this theory are G. Meyer, who declared "to call the Albanians new Illyrians is also just as to call the current Greeks " modern Greeks". The albanian language constituted for him the most recent stage of one of the illyrians dialects.

Various arguments support this thesis: on the linguistic shot, certain albanian loans in very ancient Greek (especially Doric) and in the very ancient Latin prove the anciently of the establishment of the Albanians in regions known to have been lived by Illyrians. Note: This article contains special characters. ... Distribution of Greek dialects, ca. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...

Some current albanian anthroponomy also seems to have their illyrian correspondent: and so in the albanian "Dash" ("Aries") would correspond the illyrian "Dassius, Dassus"; also the albanian "Bardhi" ("White") would correspond to "Bardus, Bardullis, Bardyllis". And some ethnonyms of Illyrians tribes also seem to have their albanian correspondent: and so the name of Dalmatians would correspond to the albanian "Delmë" ("Ewe"); also the name of Dardanians would correspond to the albanian "Dardhë" ("Pear") ^[2]. An ethnonym (Gk. ... Dalmatia (Croatian Dalmacija, Italian Dalmazia, Serbian Далмација) is a region of Croatia on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, spreading between the island of Pag in the northwest and the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. ... Albani (Albanoi), tribe in ancient Illyria, from Alexander G. Findlays Classical Atlas to Illustrate Ancient Geography, New York, 1849 The Dardani were an ancient Indo-European tribe that lived in Dardania (largely corresponding to present day Kosovo, as well as other parts of present day southern Serbia) and was...

Finally, the albanian terminology relative for the flora and the fauna, for the navigation and the fishing is sufficiently rich to confirm the anciently of the Albanians installation on the Adriatic coast. And so for example the albanian word " Deti " which indicates the sea derives of Tethys, the wife of Oceanus and goddess of seas and rivers in Greek mythology. Also the albanian words "Peshk" ("Fish") and "Ranë" ("Sand") correspond in Latin "Piscis" and "Arena" ^[3]. Below, two examples of Illyrians place-names having a correspondence in Albanian. In Greek mythology, Tethys was a Titaness and sea goddess who was both sister and wife of Oceanus. ... Oceanus, with his wife, Tethys, ruled the seas before Poseidon. ... The bust of Zeus found at Otricoli (Sala Rotonda, Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican) Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the Ancient Greeks concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...

* Dre, Albanian word meaning deer, also tends to be found through the following places: Drin (Albania), White Drin (Albania, Kosovo), Black Drin (Albania, Republic of Macedonia), Drina (Bosnia-Hercegovina, Montenegro, Serbia), Drenica (Kosovo). The Drin (Дрим / Drim in Macedonian and in Serbian) is the longest river in Albania, which empties into the Adriatic Sea near the city of Lezhë and the river Buna (Bojana in Serbian) near Rozafa. ... The Beli Drim (Albanian: Drini i Bardhë; Serbian Cyrillic: Бели Дрим) is a river in southern Serbia and northern Albania, a 175 km-long headstream of the Drin. ... The Black Drin (Albanian: Drini i Zi, meaning the black deer; Macedonian: Crn Drim) is a river in the Republic of Macedonia and Albania. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Drenica (Albanian: Drenica, Serbian Cyrillic: Дреница) is a river in Kosovo, a 50 km-long right tributary to the Sitnica river. ...

Illyrian Kingdoms

Before the kingdom of Illyria was established, the Illyrians lived in wide spread city-states across the Balkan Peninsula. They were known as “the people of the eagle”. This was due to the actuality that their land was called “the land of the eagles”. The origin of their name comes from their uncanny believe in democracy. It means “to be free”. They were not as idealistic as the Greeks but they reflected organized leadership. They didn’t reflect much interest in philosophy, math or science but their concentration in warfare and economical advancements made them wealthy and an opposable threat. They relied on agriculture, fishing, and trade to get them by. By (6th BCE) large cities had spawned up and conflict arose. Most of the Illyrian city-states fought with the Eastern Macedonian tribes. The most powerful kingdoms that cropped up were the Daors, Dorian, Alban (Albanians are the descendants of this kingdom), Arbanita, Arrian, Celegari, Dardan, Illyri, and many more. Dorian’s were the ones who sent the Greek’s spiraling through to the dark ages. It is around this time period where the Illyrians started getting noticed for their brave valor and extreme skill in warfare. Some kingdoms were known for their mercenaries and their superior dexterity in naval combat. Many Kingdoms on the coast, such as Dyrrhachium( now modern day Albanian city Durrës), were feared by many because of their piracy and short-fused aggression. Subsequent to many events from internal conflict, it wasn’t until king Bardhyllis united all the kingdoms into one great empire.

A grouping of Illyrian with the Messapian language has been proposed for about a century, but remains an unproven hypothesis. The theory is based on classical sources, archaeology, as well as onomastic considerations. Messapian material culture bears a number of similarities to Illyrian material culture. Some Messapian anthroponyms have close Illyrian equivalents. Messapian (also known as Messapic) is an extinct Indo-European language of South-eastern Italy, once spoken in the regions of Apulia and Calabria. ... Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek: αρχαίος, archaios, combining form in Latin archae-, ancient; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... Onomastics (Onomatology) is the study of proper names of all kinds and the origins of names. ...

A relation to the Venetic language and Liburnian language, once spoken in northeastern Italy and Liburnia respectively, is also proposed. Venetic is an extinct Indo-European language that was spoken in ancient times in the Veneto region of Italy, between the Po River delta and the southern fringe of the Alps. ... The Liburnian language is now an extinct language which was spoken by the ancient Liburnians, who occupied Liburnia in classical and early medieval times. ... Liburnia (recent Croatian Kvarner, Italian Quarnero) in ancient geography was the land of the Liburnians, a region along the northeastern Adriatic coast in Europe, actual Croatia, whose borders shifted according to the extent of Liburnian dominance at a given time between 11th and 1st century BC. // Liburnia was south of...

Scholars believe the modern Albanian language to be descended from Illyrian. ^[4] The identification of Illyrian as a centum language is widely but not unanimously accepted, although it is generally admitted that from what remains of the language, centum examples appear to greatly outnumber satem examples. One of the few satem examples in Illyrian appears to be Osseriates, probably from PIE *eghero-, "lake". Only a few Illyrian items have been linked to Albanian, and these remain tentative or inconclusive for the purpose of determining a close relation. However, more Albanian words than the number of words of other Indo-European languages have been linked to Illyrian.^{[citation needed]} Albanian ( IPA ) is a language spoken by about 7 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosova, but also in other parts of the Balkans with an Albanian population (parts of the Republic of Macedonia, and some parts in Montenegro , along the eastern coast of Italy and in Sicily, as well... Centum is the collective name for the branches of Indo-European in which the so-called Satem shift, the change of palato-velar *k^, *g^, *g^h into fricatives or affricates, did not take place, and the palato-velar consonants merged with plain velars (*k, *g, *gh). ... The Satem division of the Indo-European family includes the following branches: Indo-Iranian, Baltic and Slavic, Armenian, Albanian, perhaps also a number of barely documented extinct languages, such as Phrygian, Thracian, and Dacian (see: Indo-European languages). ...

Outside influences

The Ancient Greek language would have become an important external influence on Illyrian-speakers who occupied lands adjacent to ancient Greeks. Because greek was the widely spoken language of international communication in ancient time, kind of like english is today, some confuse Illyrians as greek-influenced people. Note: This article contains special characters. ...

Invading Celts who settled on lands occupied by Illyrians brought the Illyrians into contact with the Celtic languages. Intensive contact may have happened in what is now Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia. Because of this intensive contact, and because of conflicting classical sources, it is unclear whether some ancient tribes were Illyrian or Celtic (see for example Scordisci). Thracians and Paionians also occupied lands populated by Illyrians, bringing Illyrians into contact with the Thracian language and Paionian language. And after many years of population mixes, wars, inavdaing other or being invaded it is very difficult to pull apart and label certain things of this great civilization. This article is about the European people. ... The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, spoken by ancient and modern Celts alike. ... Motto none Anthem Intermeco Bosnia and Herzegovina() on the European continent()  —  [] Capital (and largest city) Sarajevo Official languages Bosnian Croatian Serbian Government Parliamentary democracy  -  Presidency members NebojÅ¡a Radmanović1 Haris Silajdžić2 Željko KomÅ¡ić3  -  Chairman of the Council of Ministers Nikola Å pirić  -  High Representative 4 Independence... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian 3 Government Semi-presidential republic  -  President Boris Tadić  -  Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment  -  Formation 9th century   -  First unified state c. ... Scordisci were, in ancient geography, a war-like tribe inhabiting the southern part of lower Pannonia, comprising parts of the present-day countries Austria, Croatia, Hungary, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, between the Savus (Sava), Dravus (Drava) and Danube rivers. ... Thracian peltast, fifth to fourth century BC. Thracian Roman era heros (Sabazius) stele. ... ... The Thracian language was the Indo-European language spoken in ancient times by the Thracians in South-Eastern Europe. ... The Paionian language is the poorly attested language of the ancient Paionians, whose kingdom once stretched north of Macedon into Thrace. ...

Yet it was not Greek, Celtic, Thracian, or Paionian, but Latin that would come to displace Illyrian above the Jireček line. And yet some say that Illyrian was introduced before the latin language. The Romans conquered all the lands in which Illyrian was spoken, and it is quite possible that Illyrian faded early in the Common era, perhaps even before the Slavic invasion of the Balkans.However, this is disputed by other scholars and linguists who maintain that the living Albanian language is a surviving Illyrian language. Thus, the Illyrian population, modern day Albanians, inhabited the balkan lands before any other slavic nation. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... The Jireček Line The Jireček Line is an imaginary line that divided in the ancient Balkans, until the 4th century, the influences of the Latin (in North) and Greek (in South) languages. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... “Era Vulgaris” redirects here. ... Distribution of Slavic people by language The Slavic peoples are a linguistic and ethnic branch of Indo-European peoples, living mainly in Europe, where they constitute roughly a third of the population. ... Albanian ( IPA ) is a language spoken by about 7 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosova, but also in other parts of the Balkans with an Albanian population (parts of the Republic of Macedonia, and some parts in Montenegro , along the eastern coast of Italy and in Sicily, as well...

Illyrian words

Since there are no Illyrians texts, sources for identifying Illyrian words have been identified by Hans Krahe^[5] as of four kinds: inscriptions, glosses of Illyrian words in Classical texts, names— including proper names (mostly inscribed on tombstones), toponyms and river names— and Illyrian loanwords in other languages. The last category has proved particularly contentious. The names occur in sources that range over more than a millennium, including numismatic evidence, as well as posited original forms of placenames (Krahe 1955). The inscriptions, some three hundred, are largely in Messapic, an ancient Illyrian language spoken in parts of Apulia: Illyrian inscriptions are limited to a votive inscription on a ring found near Skutari (Krahe 1955) and perhaps a spearhead found at Kovel^[6] Hans Krahe (7 February 1898 — 25 June 1965) was a German philologist and linguist, specializing over many decades in the Illyrian languages. ... Numismatics (ancient Greek: νομισματική) is the scientific study of money and its history in all its varied forms. ... Messapian (also known as Messapic) is an extinct Indo-European language of South-Eastern Italy, in the regions of Apulia and Calabria. ... This article is about the Italian region. ... Shkodër Ãœsküdar, a district of Istanbul, was also known as Scutari. ... Coat of Arms, circa 1993 Kovel (In Ukrainian and in Russian: Ковель, in Polish: Kowel) is a town now situated in western Ukraine in the Volyn oblast. ...

Only a few Illyrian words are cited in Classical sources by Roman or Greek writers, but these glosses, provided with translations, provide a core vocabulary. Only four identified with an ethnonym Illyrii or Illurioí; others must be identified by indirect means:

• abeis, "snakes"; cf. L anguis, OHG unc, etc.
• brisa, mod. Alb bishtak "husk of grapes"
• mantía, "bramblebush"; cf. Alb man, mën "mulberry bush", dialectal mandë
• oseriates, "lakes"; akin to Old Church Slavonic ozero (Serb-Croat jezero), Latvian ezers, OPruss assaran, Gk Akéroun "river in the underworld"
• rhinos, "fog, mist"; cf. OAlb ren, mod. Alb re, rê "cloud"
• sabaia, sabaium, sabaius, "a type of beer"; akin to Eng sap, Lat. sapere "to taste", Skt sabar "sap, juice, nektar", Avest. višāpa "having poisonous juices", Arm ham, Greek apalós "tender, delicate", Old Church Slavonic sveptǔ "bee's honey"
• sibina (Lat.), sibyna (Lat.), sybina (Lat.); σιβυνη (Gk.), σιβυνης (Gk.), συβινη (Gk.), ζιβυνη (Gk.): "a hunting spear", generally, "a spear", "pike"; an Illyrian word according to Festius, citing Ennius; is compared to συβηνη (Gk.), "flute case", a word found in Aristophanes' Thesmophoriazusai; the word appears in the context of a barbarian speaking. Akin to Persian zôpîn, Arm səvīn "spit"
• sika, "knife, dagger or sword"; cf. Alb thikë
• tertigio, "merchant"; Old Church Slavonic trĭgĭ (Serb-Croat trg), Latvian tirgus (Alb treg "market" is a borrowing from archaic Slavic *trǔgǔ ^[7])

Some additional words have been extracted by linguists from toponyms, hydronyms, anthroponyms, etc.: Leffe, a Belgian beer, served in branded glasses Schlenkerla Rauchbier straight from the cask Beer is the worlds oldest[1] and most popular[2] alcoholic beverage. ... Look up Pike and pike in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Quintus Ennius (239 - 169 BC) was a writer during the period of the Roman Republic, and is often considered the father of Roman poetry. ... Sketch of Aristophanes Aristophanes (Greek: , ca. ... Thesmophoriazusae (Women Celebrating the Thesmophoria) is a comedy written by the Greek playwright Aristophanes. ...

• loúgeon, "a pool"; cf. Alb lag "to wet, soak, bathe, wash" (< PA *lauga), lëgatë "pool" (< PA *leugatâ), lakshte "dew" (< PA *laugista); further akin to Lith liűgas "marsh", OSl luža "pool" ^[8]
• teuta < from the Illyrian personal name Teuta< PIE *teuta-, "people"; consider Teutana, an Illyrian personal name meaning "people" rel. to Alb (Gheg) word tetan- "all"
• Bosona, "running water" (Possible origin of the name "Bosnia", in Bosnian; Bosna)

Queen Teuta of the Illyrians (reigned approximately from 231 BC to 228 BC) (aka Tefta) After the death of Agron (250 BC?-231 BC) who established the first kingdom of Illyria, from which the Albanians are believed to descend, extending from Dalmatia on the north to the Aous (Vjosa river...

Illyrian names

• Afrodita (Variant of Aphrodite)
• Agirrus
• Agron
• Alban
• Andis, Andes, Andio, Andia
• Andre
• Annes, Annis,Annisa
• Anxhela (Variant of Angela)
• Arberi
• Arbo
• Arjan
• Armis
• Artan
• Ballaios
• Bato
• Birkenna (daughter of the Illyrian king Bardhyllis, and one of the wives of Pyrrhus)
• Blodus, Bledis
• Boria,Bora
• Besnik
• Dafina (Variant of Daphne)
• Daor
• Dasius
• Dazas
• Ditus
• Dorian
• Drita ( Illyrian word for light)
• Endri
• Felis
• Genthena
• Gezim (Illyrian word for joy/happy)
• Gentis,
• Glavus
• Grabos
• Haris
• Idris
• Ilir
• Klodis
• Laiscus
• Linda
• Luan
• Madena
• Mal
• Messor
• Monounios (Monunius)
• Mytilis
• Plare(n)s
• Plator, Platoris (gen.)
• Pleuratus
• Posantio
• Pravaius
• Roza (Variant of Rose)
• Sara (Variant of Sarah)
• Scerdis
• Sidrit/Sidrita (Illyrian word "like the light")
• Skender
• Skerdilaidas
• Sokol
• Tatta
• Temus
• Teuda
• Teuta
• Thana
• Titus
• Vendes
• Venera (Variant of Venus)
• Verzo
• Zanatis
• Ziraeus

Illyrian names: Agron was the second king of Illyria, modern-day Albania, and the son of King Pleuratus. ... Saint Alban was the first Christian martyr in Britain. ... Andis is a personal name found among the Illyrians of southern Panonia and much of northern Dalmatia (corresponding roughly with modern Bosnia and Herzegovina). ... The name Andre may stand for: // Blessed Brother André Besette, CSC, Holy Cross Brother and Miracle Worker, Montreal, Canada Andre Agassi, a tennis professional André the Giant, a professional wrestler & actor André (singer), an Armenian pop star André Breton (1896-1966), French author and surrealist theorist André Gagnon, a Canadian... Ballaios was an Illyrian king of the late 2nd century BC, known from his coinage, which is well-attested; in fact, the coins of the well-known Illyrian king Gentius are scarce in comparison to the coins of Ballaios. ... Bato I, or Baton of Dalmatia was the warlord of Illyrian tribe Daesitiates, in the Great Illyrian revolt against Roman Empire, in 6-9 CE. // He was probably born between 35 and 30 BCE in upper Bosnia, then belonging to the to Illyrian Daesitiates. ... Pyrrhus of Epirus Pyrrhus (318-272 BC) (Greek: Πύρρος), king of the Molossians (from ca. ... The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. ... Pleuratus was an Illyrian name borne by a number of Illyrians, including: Pleuratus I - Testified in 344 BC. Pleuratus name is a dynastic one from the royal house of the Ardiaei. ... Scerdilaidas (Skerdilaidas) was an Illyrian king. ... Queen Teuta (also Queen Tefta), was an Illyrian queen and regent who reigned approximately from 231 BC to 228 BC. After the death of Agron (250 BC?-231 BC) who established the first kingdom of Illyria, extending from Dalmatia on the north to the Aous (Vjosa river) River on the...

• Glaukias, akin to Gk. glaukos, "gleaming, gray, gray-green, etc."
• Kleitos, akin to Gk. kleinos, "renowned"

The following Illyrian names, all of which occur in inscriptions from the upper Neretva river valley near Konjic in Bosnia, are considered to derived from Celtic: King Glaukias, an Illyrian of the Taulanti tribe, reigned over Illyria from 317 BC to 303 BC. In 314 BC, Glaukias was defeated by Cassander, successor of Alexander the Great. ... Clitus (Κλείτος) may refer to: Clitus (c. ... River Neretva in Mostar, 2004 Neretva is a river in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. ... Shield of Konjic with the Neretva river Municipality of Konjic (marked green) Konjic is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina situated on the Neretva river. ... The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, spoken by ancient and modern Celts alike. ...

• Boio
• Bricussa
• Iacus
• Mallaius
• Mascelio

References

• Crossland, R. A., Linguistic problems of the Balkan area in the late prehistoric and early classical periods. Boardman, Edwards, Hammond and Sollberger 1982, 834--849.
• Polomé, E. C., Balkan languages (Illyrian, Thracian and Daco-Moesian). Boardman, Edwards, Hammond and Sollberger 1982, 866--888.
• Wilkes, John, The Illyrians. Blackwell Books, 1992.

Notes

Messapian (also known as Messapic) is an extinct Indo-European language of South-eastern Italy, once spoken in the regions of Apulia and Calabria. ...

See also

• Messapian language
• Albanian language

Messapian (also known as Messapic) is an extinct Indo-European language of South-eastern Italy, once spoken in the regions of Apulia and Calabria. ... Albanian ( IPA ) is a language spoken by about 7 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosova, but also in other parts of the Balkans with an Albanian population (parts of the Republic of Macedonia, and some parts in Montenegro , along the eastern coast of Italy and in Sicily, as well...

External links

• short Illyrian glossary
• geocities page collecting the entries of Pokorny (1959) containing Illyrian material
• Maps of Illyria and Illyricum