Ilocanos
Fabian Ver ·
Total population
9,136,000 (10.1% of the Philippine population) Image File history File links Gen. ... Fabian Ver (January 20, 1920 - November 21, 1998) born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, was a former General and the former Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines under President Ferdinand Marcos. ...
Regions with significant populations
Philippines (Cagayan Valley, Cordillera, Ilocos, Metro Manila, Mindanao)  United States (Hawaii, California) other elsewhere Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Philippines. ... Cagayan Valley (Lambak ng Cagayan in Filipino) is a region of the Philippines, also designated as Region II or Region 02. ... The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) of the Philippines consists of the provinces of Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province and Apayao. ... Region 1 of the Philippines is located in the northwestern part of Luzon. ... Metropolitan Manila (Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila) or the National Capital Region (NCR) (Filipino: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon) is the greater metropolitan area of the city of Manila, the national capital and largest city in the Philippines. ... Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost island in the Philippines. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Official language(s) English, Hawaiian Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Area  Ranked 43rd  - Total 10,931 sq mi (29,311 km²)  - Width n/a miles (n/a km)  - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km)  - % water 41. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Languages Filipino, Ilocano, Tagalog, Tausug, Visayan languages, other Philippine languages, English Religions Predominantly Catholic; Protestantism; Islam; Nonreligious Related ethnic groups Filipino people, Filipino American, Filipino Canadian, Filipino Australian, Filipino British, Filipino Hong Konger An Overseas Filipino is a person of Philippine origin who lives outside of the Philippines. ...
Languages
Ilocano, Cebuano (in Mindanao), Filipino, English
Religions
Predominantly Roman Catholic, Aglipayan minority, Protestantism
Related ethnic groups
Ibanag, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, other Filipino peoples, other Austronesian peoples

The Ilocano or Ilokano people are the third largest Filipino ethnic group. Aside from being referred to as Ilocanos, from "i"-from, and "looc"-bay, they also refer to themselves as Samtoy, from the Ilocano phrase "sao mi ditoy", meaning 'from our language'. The word "Ilocano" came from the word "Iloco" by the natives of the Upper part of the land known as "Cordillera." To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article, select from the in other languages Ilokano (variants: Ilocano, Iluko, Iloco, and Iloko) is the third most-spoken language of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Cebuano, also known as Sugboanon, is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 20,000,000 people (according to Ethnologue). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Protestantism encompasses the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated with the doctrines of the Reformation. ... The Ibanags are an ethnic minority numbering a little more than half a million people, who inhabit the provinces of Cagayan, Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya. ... The Ivatan or Ibatan language is spoken exclusively in the Batanes Islands in the most northern reaches of the Philippines. ... The Kapampangans or Capampañgans (Spanish: pampangos or pampangueños) are the eighth largest Filipino ethnic group, numbering at about 2,890,000. ... See also Pangasinan The Pangasinan people or Pangasinense (a hispanicized term) are the eighth largest Filipino ethnic group. ... Languages Filipino, Bikol, Cebuano, English, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray-Waray, and over 100 others Religions Predominantly Roman Catholic Various smaller Christian denominations Significant Muslim minority Filipinos are the citizens of the Philippines, located in Southeast Asia. ... The Austronesian people are a population group in Oceania and Southeast Asia who speak or had ancestors who spoke one of the Austronesian languages. ...

Area

Originally indigenous to the narrow coastal strip of northwestern Luzon, the migration of Ilocanos has been great. To this day, the Ilocanos are the dominant ethnic group in Northern Luzon, and their language, the linguæ francæ of the region. The Ilocanos are the majority in the provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, La Union, Apayao, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, and Tarlac, and form a significant proportion of the populations of the provinces of Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Aurora, Zambales, Benguet, Batanes, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Mountain Province. Further government-sponsored migrations have led to the resettlement of Ilocanos to Mindanao, particularly to the provinces of South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat. There are also an important Ilocano communities in Manila, and the world over. Map of the Philippines showing the island groups of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. ... Lingua franca, literally Frankish language in Italian, was originally a mixed language consisting largely of Italian plus a vocabulary drawn from Turkish, Persian, French, Greek and Arabic and used for communication throughout the Middle East. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Ilocos Norte Region: Ilocos Region (Region I) Capital: Laoag City Founded: — Population: 2000 census—514,241 (48th largest) Density—151 per km² (27th lowest) Area: 3,399. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Ilocos Sur Region: Ilocos Region (Region I) Capital: Vigan City Founded: 1572 Population: 2000 census—594,206 (41st largest) Density—230 per km² (34th highest) Area: 2,579. ... Abra is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. ... La Union is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. ... Apayao is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Cagayan Region: Cagayan Valley (Region II) Capital: Tuguegarao City Founded: 1581 Population: 2000 census—993,580 (25th largest) Density—110 per km² (16th lowest) Area: 9,002 km² (3rd largest) Divisions: Highly urbanized cities—0 Component cities—1 Municipalities—28 Barangays—820 Congressional districts... Isabela is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. ... Nueva Vizcaya is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Quirino Region: Cagayan Valley (Region II) Capital: Cabarroguis, Quirino Founded: June 18, 1966 Population: 2000 census—148,575 (8th smallest) Density—49 per km² (2nd lowest) Area: 3,057. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Tarlac Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Tarlac City Founded: 1872 Population: 2000 census—1,068,783 (23rd largest) Density—350 per km² (14th highest) Area: 3,053. ... Pangasinan, officially Province of Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag na Pangasinan), is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ... Aurora is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Zambales Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Iba Founded: 1578 Population: 2000 census—627,802 (39th largest) Density—169 per km² (49th highest) Area: 3,714. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Benguet Region: Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) Capital: La Trinidad, Benguet Founded: — Population: 2000 census—330,129 (43rd largest) Density—219 per km² (36th highest) Area: 2,599. ... The Province of Batanes is the northernmost and the smallest province of the Philippine Republic, both in terms of population and land area. ... Ifugao is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. ... Kalinga is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. ... Mountain Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. ... Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost island in the Philippines. ... South Cotabato is a province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. ... This article is about a province. ... Nickname: Motto: Linisin Ikarangal Maynila Map of Metro Manila showing the location of Manila Coordinates: 14°35 N 121° E Country Region Districts 1st to 6th districts of Manila Barangays 897 Incorporated (city) June 10, 1574 Government  - Mayor Alfredo Lim (2007-2010; GO)  - Vice Mayor Isko Moreno (AM/PDP-Laban...

Demographics

Ilocanos number about 9,136,000. The Ilocanos are primarily of Austronesian stock, the same as with the rest of the Filipinos. Some are dark-skinned with large round eyes due to Aeta admixture. Others are fair-skinned and have almond eyes, owing to Chinese admixtures. Their homeland is the closest region in the Philippines to China. Few Ilocanos living in the Cordilleras also do have some Cordillerano blood. Ilocanos speak the Ilokano language (also called Iloko language), which is part of the Northern Philippine subgroup of the Malayo-Polynesian family of languages. They also speak Cebuano (in Mindanao), Tagalog, and English as second languages. Most Ilocanos are Roman Catholics, while a significant number belong to the Aglipayan Church (which originated in Ilocos Norte). The Austronesian people are a population group in Oceania and Southeast Asia who speak or had ancestors who spoke one of the Austronesian languages. ... Cordillerano, or Cordilleran, is a term for the hill tribes of Luzon residing in the Cordillera and Caraballo mountains. ... To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article, select from the in other languages Ilokano (variants: Ilocano, Iluko, Iloco, and Iloko) is the third most-spoken language of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Cebuano, also known as Sugboanon, is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 20,000,000 people (according to Ethnologue). ... Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. ... The Philippine Independent Church, officially the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (IFI) in Spanish, is a Christian denomination belonging to the Roman Catholic tradition. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Ilocos Norte Region: Ilocos Region (Region I) Capital: Laoag City Founded: — Population: 2000 census—514,241 (48th largest) Density—151 per km² (27th lowest) Area: 3,399. ...

History

The Austronesian ancestors of the present-day Ilocanos came to the Philippines through bilogs, or outrigger boats during the Iron Age.

Spanish era

In 1572, when the Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo conquered the Ilocanos, he described them as being more barbarous than the Tagalogs. During the Spanish Colonial Era, the Ilocanos were one of the first ethnic groups to revolt against the Spaniards. The first Ilocano revolt occurred during 1661, when the Ilocanos proclaimed Pedro Almazan as their king. Almazan was executed by the Spaniards after the kingdom was dissolved. Diego Silang and his wife Gabriela Silang declared independence of Free Ilocos on 1762-1764 during the British occupation of Manila. The said republic was dissolved on September 20, 1763 through the execution of Silang and his Ilocano associates. During the American Colonial Period and up to the Independence Years, leaders encouraged the Ilocanos to resettle in Mindanao. On 1965, Ferdinand Marcos was the second Ilocano to be elected president of the Philippines. Under his presidency, thousands of Ilocanos benefited from his land reforms. Juan de Salcedo (b. ... Diego Silang y Andaya (December 16, 1730 - May 28, 1763) was a native Ilocano revolutionary leader who conspired with British forces to overthrow the Spanish in the northern Philippines and establish an independent Ilocano nation. ... María Josefa Gabriela Cariño Silang (March 19, 1731- September 29, 1763) was the first Filipino woman to lead a revolt during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. ... Nickname: Motto: Linisin Ikarangal Maynila Map of Metro Manila showing the location of Manila Coordinates: 14°35 N 121° E Country Region Districts 1st to 6th districts of Manila Barangays 897 Incorporated (city) June 10, 1574 Government  - Mayor Alfredo Lim (2007-2010; GO)  - Vice Mayor Isko Moreno (AM/PDP-Laban... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1966 to 1986. ...

Present

The mounting population pressure due to the substantial population density during the mid-1800s caused the migration of the Ilocanos out of their historic homeland. By 1903, more than 290,000 Ilocanos migrated to Central Luzon, Cagayan Valley and Manila. More than 180,000 moved to Pangasinan, Tarlac, and Nueva Ecija. Almost 50,000 moved to Cagayan Valley; half of them resided in Isabela. Around 47,000 lived in Zambales. 1900 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Central Luzon region contains the largest plain of the Philippines, and produces most of the countrys rice supply. ... Cagayan Valley (Lambak ng Cagayan in Filipino) is a region of the Philippines, also designated as Region II or Region 02. ... Nickname: Motto: Linisin Ikarangal Maynila Map of Metro Manila showing the location of Manila Coordinates: 14°35 N 121° E Country Region Districts 1st to 6th districts of Manila Barangays 897 Incorporated (city) June 10, 1574 Government  - Mayor Alfredo Lim (2007-2010; GO)  - Vice Mayor Isko Moreno (AM/PDP-Laban... Pangasinan, officially Province of Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag na Pangasinan), is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Tarlac Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Tarlac City Founded: 1872 Population: 2000 census—1,068,783 (23rd largest) Density—350 per km² (14th highest) Area: 3,053. ... Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ... Isabela is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Zambales Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Iba Founded: 1578 Population: 2000 census—627,802 (39th largest) Density—169 per km² (49th highest) Area: 3,714. ...

The Ilocano Diaspora continued in 1906 when Ilocanos started to migrate to Hawaii and California. Ilocanos composed the largest number of expatriates in the United States, though most are bilingual with Tagalog. There is a significant Ilocano community in Hawaii, in which they make up more than 85% of the Filipino population.^[1] 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Official language(s) English, Hawaiian Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Area  Ranked 43rd  - Total 10,931 sq mi (29,311 km²)  - Width n/a miles (n/a km)  - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km)  - % water 41. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Official language(s) English, Hawaiian Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Area  Ranked 43rd  - Total 10,931 sq mi (29,311 km²)  - Width n/a miles (n/a km)  - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km)  - % water 41. ...

Later migrations brought Ilocanos to the Cordilleras, Aurora, Mindoro, Palawan, and Mindanao provinces of Sultan Kudarat, North Cotabato, and South Cotabato. The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) of the Philippines consists of the provinces of Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province and Apayao. ... Aurora is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ... Beach in Northern Mindoro Mindoro is the seventh-largest island in the Philippines. ... Palawan is an island province of the Philippines located in the Mimaropa region. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Sultan Kudarat Region: SOCCSKSARGEN (Region XII) Capital: Isulan Founded: Population: 2000 census—586,505 (42nd largest) Density—124 per km² (21st highest) Area: 4,714. ... Cotabato, formerly North Cotabato, is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. ... South Cotabato is a province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. ...

Culture

They are characterized as being humble, hardworking and frugal, and they engage primarily in farming and fishing. The Ilocano culture represents very simple, sometimes spartan day-to-day living, focusing mostly on work and productivity, spending only on necessities and not on so much on ostentatious material possessions. Ilocanos also exemplify a great degree of respect and humility in their everyday dealings, much similar to their Tagalog counterparts.

Food

Ilocanos boast of a somewhat healthy diet heavy in boiled or steamed vegetables and freshwater fish, but are particularly fond of dishes flavored with bagoong, fermented fish that is often used instead of salt. Ilocanos often season boiled vegetables with bagoong monamon (fermented anchovy paste) to produce pinakbet. Local specialities include the soft white larvae of ants, and "jumping salad" of tiny, live shrimp. Bagoong is shrimp paste, commonly eaten by Filipinos. ... True pinakbet from the Ilocos region with shrimp Pinakbet or pakbet is a popular Ilocano dish, from the northern regions of the Philippines, although it has become popular throughout the archipelago. ...

Literature

The greatest Ilokano literary work written in Iloko is the Biag ni Lam-ang (the Life of Lam-Ang), an epic about the fantastic life and escapades of an Ilokano hero named Lam-ang. The Biag ni Lam-ang or Life of Lam-ang (complete Iloko title: ) is a pre-Hispanic epic of the Ilokano people from the Ilocos region of the Philippines. ...

Aside from 'Lam-Ang', the Ilocanos rank only second to Tagalog when it comes to literature. Ilocanos are also known for their beautiful folk songs, which are better preserved than those of the Tagalogs.

Notable Ilocanos

• Elpidio Quirino, 6th President of the Philippines (1948–1953).
• Ramon Magsaysay, 7th President of the Philippines (1953-1957).
• Ferdinand Marcos, 10th President of the Philippines (1965–1986).
• Leona Florentino, famous woman poet.
• Jose Burgos, Filipino priest and martyr during Spanish times.
• Gregorio Aglipay, founder of the Aglipayan Church.
• Josefa Llanes Escoda, women's rights activist, founder of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines.
• Fabian Ver, former General and Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

Elpidio Rivera Quirino (November 16, 1890 – February 29, 1956) was the sixth President of the Philippines. ... The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. ... For the municipality, see Ramon Magsaysay, Zamboanga del Sur. ... Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1966 to 1986. ... Leona Florentino (April 19, 1849-October 4, 1884) was a celebrated Filipino poet in the Spanish and Ilocano languages. ... José Apolonio Burgos was a Spanish-Filipino priest, part of the Gomburza trio, who were falsely accused of mutiny by the Spanish colonial authorities in the Philippines in the 19th century. ... Gregorio Labayan Aglipay was born on May 8, 1860 in Batac, Ilocos Norte, an orphan who grew up in the tobacco fields in the last volatile decades of the Spanish occupation of the Philippines. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Josefa Llanes Escoda (bottom portrait) is featured on the 1000-peso bill Josefa Llanes Escoda (September 20, 1898–c. ... The Girl Scouts of the Philippines (GSP) is the national Guiding association for girls and young women of the Philippines. ... Fabian Ver (January 20, 1920 - November 21, 1998) born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, was a former General and the former Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines under President Ferdinand Marcos. ... Seal of the Philippine Army Seal of the Philippine Navy Seal of the Philippine Air Force Seal of the Philippine Marine Corps The Armed Forces of the Philippines or AFP (Filipino: Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas) originated in the establishment of the Philippine Scouts in 1901. ...

Americans of Ilocano ancestry

• Carlos Bulosan, writer from Binalonan, Pangasinan.
• Ben Cayetano, 5th Governor of Hawaii (1994-2002).
• Brian Viloria, light flyweight boxing champion.
• Benny Agbayani, baseball player.
• DJ Qbert, turntablist

Carlos Bulosan (born to Ilocano parents in Pangasinan, Philippines on November 24, 1913, died in Seattle, Washington on September 13, 1956) was a Filipino American novelist best-known for the semi-autobiographical America Is in the Heart. ... Pangasinan, officially Province of Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag na Pangasinan), is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Benjamin Jerome Ben Cayetano (born November 14, 1939) served as the fifth Governor of the State of Hawaii from 1994 to 2002. ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Benny Agbayani (born December 28, 1971) is a professional baseball player. ... Q-bert (born 1969) is the performing name of Richard Quitevis, a Filipino-American DJ and music-writer. ...

See also

• Super regions of the Philippines

The creation of super regions in the Philippines is a proposed plan by the President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on her sixth State of the Nation Address to group the selected regions/provinces by their economic strengths. ...

Notes and sources

External links

• Ilokano Wikipedia
• North Luzon Super Region: Potentials
• North Luzon Super Region: Projects
• Ilocano: Ti Pagsasao ti Amianan
• NAKEM Centennial Conference
• Tawid News Magasin Ilokano News and Literature Portal
• dadapilan.com - Iloko literature portal featuring original Iloko works by Ilokano writers and a forum for Iloko literary study, criticism and online workshop.

v • d • e Ethnic groups in the Philippines

Filipinos | Overseas Filipinos The various ethnic groups in the Philippines identify themselves based on one or several factors like ancestry, language, religion or a shared history. ... Languages Filipino, Ilocano, Tagalog, Tausug, Visayan languages, other Philippine languages, English Religions Predominantly Catholic; Protestantism; Islam; Nonreligious Related ethnic groups Filipino people, Filipino American, Filipino Canadian, Filipino Australian, Filipino British, Filipino Hong Konger An Overseas Filipino is a person of Philippine origin who lives outside of the Philippines. ... Indigenous groups Bicolano · Ibanag · Ilocano · Ivatan · Kapampangan · Moro · Pangasinan · Sambal · Tagalog  · Visayan  · Tribal groups Non-indigenous groups American · Arab · Chinese · Desi · Japanese · Jewish · Korean · Mexican · Spanish The Bicolanos are the the fifth-largest Filipino ethnic group. ... The Ibanags are an ethnic minority numbering a little more than half a million people, who inhabit the provinces of Cagayan, Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya. ... The Ivatan are a Filipino ethnic group predominant in the Batanes Islands of the Philippines. ... The Kapampangans or Capampañgans (Spanish: pampangos or pampangueños) are the eighth largest Filipino ethnic group, numbering at about 2,890,000. ... â–ˆ Bangsamoro territory under Moro control â–ˆ Historical extent The Moros form the largest non-Christian ethnic group in the Philippines, comprising about 5% of the total Filipino population as of 2005. ... See also Pangasinan The Pangasinan people or Pangasinense (a hispanicized term) are the eighth largest Filipino ethnic group. ... The Sambal people, also spelled Zambal form one of the most important Filipino ethnicities. ... The Tagalogs are one of the largestFilipino ethnic group. ... Bisaya redirects here. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Arab Filipinos constitute of Philippine citizens of Arab descent, including, but not limited to, mestizos. ... According to recent survey, the number of South Asians in the Philippines are approximately 32,500 people. ... Temple Emil, Manila, c. ...