UPIICSA IPN - Binary image

Image processing is any form of information processing for which the input is an image, such as photographs or frames of video; the output is not necessarily an image, but can be for instance a set of features of the image. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 126 KB) UPIICSA IPN - Ingeniería en Informática Software para tratamiento de imágenes Una imagen binarizada es la representación gráfica de una matriz de MxN elementos numéricos, los cuales solo pueden tener dos valores, 0... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 126 KB) UPIICSA IPN - Ingeniería en Informática Software para tratamiento de imágenes Una imagen binarizada es la representación gráfica de una matriz de MxN elementos numéricos, los cuales solo pueden tener dos valores, 0... In general, information processing is the changing (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer. ... Signal processing is the processing, amplification and interpretation of signals, and deals with the analysis and manipulation of signals. ...

Typical operations

The red, green, and blue color channels of a photograph by Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii. The fourth image is a composite.

Among many other image processing operations are: Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x250, 153 KB) Summary TITLE: Alleia Hamerops TITLE TRANSLATION: Alley of Chamaerops excelsus [windmill palm] This image contains crops of an image from the Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii Collection (Library of Congress) and a composite I generated from them. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x250, 153 KB) Summary TITLE: Alleia Hamerops TITLE TRANSLATION: Alley of Chamaerops excelsus [windmill palm] This image contains crops of an image from the Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii Collection (Library of Congress) and a composite I generated from them. ... Sergei Prokudin-Gorski. ...

• Geometric transformations such as enlargement, reduction, and rotation
• Color corrections such as brightness and contrast adjustments, quantization, or conversion to a different color space
• Registration (or alignment) of two or more images
• Combination of two or more images, e.g. into an average, blend, difference, or image composite
• Interpolation, demosaicing, and recovery of a full image from a RAW image format like a Bayer filter pattern
• Segmentation of the image into regions
• Image editing and digital retouching
• Extending dynamic range by combining differently exposed images (generalized signal averaging of Wyckoff sets)
• Image restoration to increase the quality of a digital image, such as deconvolution to reduce blur, restoration of faded color, removal of scratches, etc.

Besides static two-dimensional images, the field also covers the processing of time-varying signals such as video and the output of tomographic equipment. Some techniques, such as morphological image processing, are specific to binary or grayscale images. Euclid Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to the Greek mathematician [[Euclid]] of Alexandria. ... Color is an important part of the visual arts. ... Quantized signal Digital signal In digital signal processing, quantization is the process of approximating a continuous range of values (or a very large set of possible discrete values) by a relatively-small set of discrete symbols or integer values. ... A comparison of different color spaces. ... In computer vision, sets of data acquired by sampling the same scene or object at different times, or from different perspectives, will be in different coordinate systems. ... Digital compositing is the process of digitally assembling multiple images to make a final image, typically for print, motion pictures or screen display. ... A demosaicing algorithm is a digital image process used to interpolate a complete image from the partial raw data received from the color-filtered image sensor internal to many digital cameras in form of a matrix of colored pixels. ... A raw image file (sometimes written RAW image file ) contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of a digital camera or image scanner. ... The Bayer arrangement of color filters on the pixel array of an image sensor Front page of Dr. Bryce Bayers 1976 patent on the Bayer pattern filter mosaic, showing his terminology of luminance-sensitive and chrominance-sensitive elements A Bayer filter mosaic is a color filter array (CFA) for... In computer vision, segmentation refers to the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple regions (sets of pixels). ... Digital image editing is the process of altering digital images, whether they be digital photographs or other types of digitally represented images. ... In many cases only one image with noise is available, and averaging is then realized in a local neighbourhood. ... Deconvolution is a process used to reverse the effects of convolution on recorded data. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning. ... A collection of techniques for digital image processing based on mathematical morphology. ... A binary image is a digital image that has only two possible values for each pixel. ... In computing, a grayscale or greyscale digital image is an image in which the value of each pixel is a single sample. ...

Applications

• Photography and printing
• Satellite image processing
• Machine Vision
• Medical image processing
• Face detection, feature detection, face identification
• Microscope image processing
• Car barrier detection

Photography [fәtɑgrәfi:],[foʊtɑgrәfi:] is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or electronic sensor. ... Machine vision (MV) is the application of computer vision to industry and manufacturing. ... Medical imaging is the process by which physicians evaluate an area of the subjects body that is not normally visible. ... Face detection is a computer technology that identifies human faces in arbitrary images. ... Microscope image processing is a broad term that covers the use of digital image processing techniques to process, analyze and present images obtained from a microscope. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

See also

• 2D computer graphics
• Computer graphics
• Computer vision
• Digital image editing
• Digital image processing
• Digitizing
• GPGPU
• Image differencing
• Image stabilization
• ImageJ
• Imaging
• Matte (filmmaking)
• OpenCV
• Optics
• Photography
• Photo manipulation
• Super-resolution
• Standard test image
• Tile engine

2D computer graphics is the computer-based generation of digital images—mostly from two-dimensional models (such as 2D geometric models, text, and digital images) and by techniques specific to them. ... For the journal by ACM SIGGRAPH, see Computer Graphics (Publication). ... Computer vision is the science and technology of machines that see. ... Digital image editing is the process of altering digital images, whether they be digital photographs or other types of digitally represented images. ... Digital image processing is the use of computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images. ... Digitizing, or digitization, is the process of turning an analog signal into a digital representation of that signal. ... General-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU, also referred to as GPGP and to a lesser extent GP²) is a recent trend in computer science that uses the graphics processing unit to perform the computations rather than the central processing unit (CPU). ... Image differencing is an image processing technique used to determine changes between images. ... Image stabilization is a family of techniques to increase the stability of an image. ... ImageJ is a public domain, Java-based image processing program developed at the National Institutes of Health. ... Imaging refers to the science of obtaining pictures or more complicated spatial representations, such as animations or 3-D computer graphics models, from physical things. ... Mattes are used in photography and filmmaking to insert part of a foreground image onto a background image, which is often a matte painting, a background filmed by the second unit, or computer generated imagery. ... OpenCV is a open source computer vision library developed by Intel. ... For the book by Sir Isaac Newton, see Opticks. ... Photography [fәtɑgrәfi:],[foʊtɑgrәfi:] is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or electronic sensor. ... Photo manipulation is the technique of modifying a photographic image by either analog or digital means. ... Super-resolution (SR) are techniques that in some way enhance the resolution of an imaging system. ... In order to intuitively test the effects of an image-processing algorithm on a natural picture a number of test images are in common use in the image-processing field. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...

References

1. Computer Imaging: Digital Image Analysis and Processing , Scott E Umbaugh, The CRC Press, 2005, CVIPtools CD-ROM with book, ISBN: 0-84-932919-1.
2. Digital Image Processing: An Algorithmic Approach Using Java by Wilhelm Burge, Mark J. Burge, ISBN 1846283795 (2007)
3. The Image Processing Handbook by John C. Russ, ISBN 0849372542 (2006)
4. Front-End Vision and Multi-Scale Image Analysis by Bart M. ter Haar Romeny, Paperback, ISBN 1-4020-1507-0 (2003)
5. Fundamentals of Image Processing by Ian T. Young, Jan J. Gerbrands, Lucas J. Van Vliet, Paperback, ISBN 90-75691-01-7 (1995)
6. Scale-Space Theory in Computer Vision by Tony Lindeberg, ISBN 0-7923-9418-6 (1994)
7. Geometry-Driven Diffusion in Computer Vision by Bart M. ter Haar Romeny (Ed.), ISBN 0792330870{ (1994)
8. Digital Image Processing by Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, ISBN 0-201-50803-6 (1992)
9. Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology, Volume 2: Theoretical Advances by Jean Serra, ISBN 0-12-637241-1 (1988)
10. Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology by Jean Serra, ISBN 0126372403 (1982)
11. Digital Image Processing by William K. Pratt, Paperback, ISBN 0-471-01888-0 (1978)

External links

• ImageJ A free, comprehensive image processing system with full Java source distributed by the National Institutes of Health.
• A series of Image Processing JAVA Applets developed at TU-Braunschweig
• CVIPtools A comprehensive software environment for computer vision and image processing education and research and development
• Lectures on Image Processing: A collection of 18 lectures in pdf and ppt format from Vanderbilt University, by Alan Peters.
• VIPBase: A collection of utilities for Video and Image Processing
• Tutorial for image processing
• Hypermedia Image Processing Reference
• Fuzzy Image Processing
• EMVA - European Machine Vision Association
• Wikia has a wiki about this topic: Computer Vision
• FILTERS : a free open source image processing library
• RoboRealm - Free Vision Software
• CImg - C++ template image processing library
• CLIP - Classical Image Processing Library
• Image Processing Library from Intel(R) Integrated Performance Primitives
• Image Apprentice: A C/C++ based Image Processing Learner's Toolkit from IIT Kanpur
• Orfeo Toolbox (OTB): A C++ template open source image processing library for remote sensing
• MontiVision Development Kit: An interactive development environment for image processing and machine vision