Categories: Created with Inkscape | User-created public domain images Administrative law in the United States often relates to, or arises from, so-called independent agencies- such as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Here is FTCs headquarters in Washington D.C. Administrative law (or regulatory law) is the body of law that arises from the activities of administrative agencies... The adversarial system (or adversary system) of law is the system of law, generally adopted in common law countries, that relies on the skill of the different advocates representing their partys positions and not on some neutral party, usually the judge, trying to ascertain the truth of the case. ... This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ... The French Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen, whose principles still have constitutional value Constitutional law is the study of foundational or basic laws of nation states and other political organizations. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      Canon law is the term used for... Corporations law (also called companies law and corporate law) is the field of law concerning the creation and regulation of corporations and other business organizations. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A contract is a legally binding exchange of promises or agreement between parties that the law will enforce. ... “ECHR” redirects here. ... Environmental law is a body of law, which is a system of complex and interlocking statutes, common law, treaties, conventions, regulations and policies which seeks to protect the natural environment which may be affected, impacted or endangered by human activities. ... An expert witness is a witness, who by virtue of education, profession, publication or experience, is believed to have special knowledge of his or her subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially (and legally) rely upon his opinion. ... In political science and constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the state. ... Family Law was a television drama starring Kathleen Quinlan as a divorced lawyer who attempted to start her own law firm after her lawyer husband took all their old clients. ... Human rights law is a system of laws, both domestic and international which is intended to promote human rights. ... For the 2006 film, see Intellectual Property (film). ... International law deals with the relationships between states, or between persons or entities in different states. ... Philosophers of law ask what is law? and what should it be? Jurisprudence is the theory and philosophy of law. ... For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ... For the fish called lawyer, see Burbot. ... This article is in need of attention. ... A misdemeanor, or misdemeanour, in many common law legal systems, is a lesser criminal act. ... Magna Carta Magna Carta (Latin for Great Charter, literally Great Paper), also called Magna Carta Libertatum (Great Charter of Freedoms), is an English charter originally issued in 1215. ... Negligence is a legal concept usually used to achieve compensation for accidents and injuries. ... Natural law or the law of nature (Latin: lex naturalis) is an ethical theory that posits the existence of a law whose content is set by nature and that therefore has validity everywhere. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... In legal terminology, a plea is simply an answer to a claim made by someone in a civil or criminal case under common law using the adversary system. ... Products liability is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause. ... Using the term Roman law in a broader sense, one may say that Roman law is not only the legal system of ancient Rome but the law that was applied throughout most of Europe until the end of the 18th century. ... The Statute of Grand Duchy of Lithuania A statute is a formal, written law of a country or state, written and enacted by its legislative authority, perhaps to then be ratified by the highest executive in the government, and finally published. ... Statutory law is written law (as opposed to oral or customary law) set down by a legislature or other governing authority such as the executive branch of government in response to a perceived need to clarify the functioning of government, improve civil order, answer a public need, to codify existing... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Socialist Legality. ... To strike from the record is for a judge to forbid a decision maker (such as a juror) to consider a particular piece of evidence or testimony when deciding the case even though he or she has already learned what that evidence or testimony concerned. ... Not to be confused with torte, an iced cake. ... This law-related article does not cite its references or sources. ... Tax law is the codified system of laws that describes government levies on economic transactions, commonly called taxes. ... Criminal procedure refers to the legal process for adjudicating claims that someone has violated the criminal law. ... A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ... Legislation (or statutory law) is law which has been promulgated (or enacted) by a legislature or other governing body. ... The Court of Chancery, London, early 19th century This article is about the concept of equity in the jurisprudence of common law countries. ... Consumer protection is a form of government regulation which protects the interests of consumers. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      In the law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of courts which administer justice in the name of the sovereign or state, a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. ... Passing of the Parliament Bill, 1911, from the drawing by S. Begg The Parliament Acts are two Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed in 1911 and 1949. ... A trial at the Old Bailey in London as drawn by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin for Ackermanns Microcosm of London (1808-11). ... Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the process that courts will follow when hearing cases of a civil nature (a civil action, as opposed to a criminal action). ... Admiralty law (also referred to as maritime law) is a distinct body of law which governs maritime questions and offenses. ... Commercial law or business law is the body of law which governs business and commerce and is often considered to be a branch of civil law and deals both with issues of private law and public law. ... In the common law, a will or testament is a document by which a person (the testator) regulates the rights of others over his property or family after death. ... The law of trusts and estates is generally considered the body of law which governs the management of personal affairs and the disposition of property of an individual in anticipation and the event of such persons incapacity or death, also known as the law of successions in civil law. ... The Middlesex Guildhall will be home to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom has three distinct legal systems. ... European Court of Justice building, Luxembourg The Court of Justice of the European Communities, usually called the European Court of Justice (ECJ), is the highest court of the European Union (EU). ... Her Majestys Court of Appeal is the second most senior court in the English legal system, with only the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords above it. ... The Department of Justice building in Washington, D.C. is home to the United States antitrust enforcers United States antitrust law is the body of laws which prohibit anti-competitive behavior (monopoly) and unfair business practices. ... Homicide (Latin homicidium, homo human being + caedere to cut, kill) refers to the act of killing another human being. ... World distribution of major legal traditions The three major legal systems of the world today consist of civil law, common law and religious law. ... In the US, a Uniform Act is an act proposed by the Uniform Law Commissioners, more formally known as the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, a body of lawyers and other professionals who work for the standardisation of U.S. state laws in the United States of... Military law is a distinct legal system to which members of armed forces are subject. ... An inquisitorial system is a legal system where the court or a part of the court is actively involved in determining the facts of the case, as opposed to an adversarial system where the role of the court is solely that of an impartial referee between parties. ... In the religious sense, law can be thought of as the ordering principle of reality; knowledge as revealed by God defining and governing all human affairs. ... The Law of Obligations is one of the component elements of the civil law system of law and encompasses contractual obligations, quasi-contractual obligations such as unjust enrichment and extra-contractual obligations. ... Case law (precedential law) is the body of judge-made law and legal decisions that interprets prior case law, statutes and other legal authority -- including doctrinal writings by legal scholars such as the Corpus Juris Secundum, Halsburys Laws of England or the doctinal writings found in the Recueil Dalloz... In law, custom, or customary law consists of established patterns of behaviour that can be objectively verified within a particular social setting. ... Conflict of laws, or private international law, or international private law is that branch of international law and interstate law that regulates all lawsuits involving a foreign law element, where a difference in result will occur depending on which laws are applied as the lex causae. ... Adjudication is the legal process by which a arbiter or judge reviews evidence and argumentation including legal reasoning set forth by opposing parties or litigants to come to a decision which determines rights and obligations between the parties involved. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Legal education is the education of individuals who intend to become legal professionals (attorneys and judges) or those who simply intend to use their law degree to some end, either related to law (such as politics or academic) or unrelated (such as business entrepreneurship). ... Legal history is a term that has at least two meanings. ... Penology (from the Latin poena, punishment) comprises penitentiary science: that concerned with the processes devised and adopted for the punishment, repression, and prevention of crime, and the treatment of prisoners. ... The Law of the European Union is the unique legal system which operates alongside the laws of Member States of the European Union (EU). ... The Royal Prerogative is a body of customary authority, privilege, and immunity, recognised in common law jurisdictions possessing a monarchy as belonging to the Crown alone. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Pro se is a Latin adjective meaning for self, that is applied to someone who represents himself (or herself) without a lawyer in a court proceeding, whether as a defendant or a plaintiff and whether the matter is civil or criminal. ... Legal positivism is a school of thought in jurisprudence and the philosophy of law. ... Critical legal studies refers to a movement in legal thought that applied methods similar to those of critical theory (the Frankfurt School) to law. ... Legal realism is a family of theories about the nature of law developed in the first half of the 20th century in the United States (American Legal Realism) and Scandinavia (Scandinavian Legal Realism). ... Law and economics, or economic analysis of law is an approach to legal theory that applies methods of economics to law. ... Legal formalism is a Positivist view in jurisprudence and the philosophy of law. ... A magistrate is a judicial officer. ... This list consists of lists of case law. ... British labour law is that body of law which regulates the rights, restrictions obligations of trade unions, workers and employers in Britain. ... Natural justice is a legal philosophy used in some jurisdictions in the determination of just, or fair, processes in legal proceedings. ... The European Commission, established following World War II, was the first Europe wide competition authority European Community competition law is one of the areas of authority of the European Union. ... High Court usually refers to the superior court of a country or state. ... Res judicata (Latin for a matter [already] judged) is, in both civil law and common law legal systems, a case in which there has been a final judgment and is no longer subject to appeal. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with antitrust. ... The terminology tort reform describes a change in United States civil law system to improve litigation efficiency or reduce litigations adverse effects on the economy. ... Indian Law is largely derived from English common law. ... The following analysis is based on English law. ... For other uses of civil law, see civil law. ... Corporations law or corporate law is the law concerning the creation and regulation of corporations. ... The study of feminist legal theory is a school thought based on the common view that laws treatment of women in relation to men has not been equal nor fair. ... Restitution is the name given to a form of legal relief in which the plaintiff recovers something from the defendant that belongs, or should belong, to the plaintiff. ... Ultra vires is a Latin phrase that literally means beyond the power. ... Bank regulations are a form of government regulation which subject banks to certain requirements, restrictions and guidelines, aiming to uphold the soundness and integrity of the financial system. ... Wage Regulation refers to attempts by the Government to regulate wages paid to citizens. ... Holding Congress may not promulgate a statute granting to itself a legislative veto over actions of the executive branch consistent with the bicameralism principle and Presentment Clause of the United States Constitution. ... It has been suggested that Consideration under American Law be merged into this article or section. ... Interpretivism is a school of thought in contemporary jurisprudence and the philosophy of law. ... An abstract is a brief summary of a judicial judgment, usually written by a Barrister or academic for publication in law reports. ... Hadley v. ... The United States Reports, the official reporter of the Supreme Court of the United States Law reports or reporters are series of books which contain judicial opinions from a selection of cases that have been decided by the courts. ... This article incorporates text from the public domain Catholic Encyclopedia The Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles[1] is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Christian Church, incorporated with... President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964. ... Statutory interpretation is the process of interpreting and applying legislation. ... The law of evidence governs the use of testimony (e. ... Duress in the context of contract law is a common law defence, and if you are successful in proving that the contract is vitiated by duress, you can rescind the contract, since it is then voidable. ... It is not uncommon for students to take as many as 15 different examinations during the Legal Practice Course. ... In the common law, civil law refers to the area of law governing relations between private individuals. ... In law, a non-suit is a judgment against a plaintiff in a civil action for failure to prosecute the case or to introduce sufficient evidence. ... Teh NSA warrantless surveillance controversy concerns surveillance of persons within the United States incident to the collection of foreign intelligence by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) as part of the war on terror. ... Legal procedure is the body of law and rules used in the administration of justice in the court system, including such areas as civil procedure, criminal procedure, appellate procedure, administrative procedure, labour procedure, and probate. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Absolute defense is a legal concept for a factual circumstance or argument that, if proven, will end the litigation in favor of the party asserting it. ... Constitutional theory is an area of constitutional law that focuses on the underpinnings of constitutional government in the United States. ... A legal debate is a discussion between lawyers, legal academics, jurists, politicians, and others who might have an interest or expertise in the law, about a particular legal issue. ... The Basic Structure doctrine is the judge-made doctrine whereby certain features of the Constitution of India are beyond the limit of the powers of amendment the Parliament of India. ... United States In the United States, a friendly suit is most often used when two parties desire or require judicial recognition of a settlement agreement, and so one sues the other despite the lack of conflict between them. ... Canon Law is the ecclesiastical law of the Roman Catholic Church. ... An approach to law stressing the actual social effects of legal institutions, doctrines, and practices and vice versa. ... It is sometimes said that slavery at common law did not exist, often on the basis of pronouncements such as those attributed (incorrectly) to Lord Mansfield, that the air of England is too pure for any slave to breathe. ... Legal topics related to health and the health profession. ... Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of statutory and common law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses. ... Jurisdiction stripping refers to the practice of defining the jurisdiction of the United States federal judiciary as to eliminate its ability to hear certain classes of claims, thereby making certain legislative or executive actions unreviewable by the judiciary. ... Sources of law are the materials and processes out of which law is developed. ... The Carltona doctrine (or principle) expresses the idea that, in United Kingdom law, the acts of government departmental officials are synonymous with the actions of the minister in charge of that department. ... The law of North America is diverse and influential. ... The law of Oceania refers to the different legal systems within the geographical area of Oceania. ... A minimum wage is the lowest hourly, daily or monthly wage that employers may legally pay to employees or workers. ... Supranational law is a form of international law, based on the limitation of the rights of sovereign nations between one another. ... Strategic misrepresentation is the planned, systematic distortion or misstatement of fact—lying—in response to incentives in the budget process. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Flamino Costa v. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Judicial review. ... // Datafin is an important Court of Appeal decision in the area of administrative law, establishing that the decisions of a private body exercising public functions may be amenable to judicial review. ... The Conseil de la Concurrence is Frances national competition regulator. ... New buliding of the Bundeskartellamt in Bonn The Bundeskartellamt (or Federal Cartel Office) is Germanys national competition regulator. ... European Community merger law is a part of the law of the European Union which regulates which firms can merge with one another. ... The Church of England, like the other autonomous member churches of the Anglican Communion, has its own system of Canon law. ... At the time of establishment of the High Court of West Pakistan the number of the Judges of the Karachi Bench was almost the same but subsequently it was increased to 15 and on separation of Sindh & Baluchistan High Courts 12 Judges were allocated to the Sindh High Court and... English criminal law refers to the body of law in England and Wales which deals with crimes and their consequences. ... Scottish Enlightenment philosopher Adam Smith was an early enemy of cartels Article 81 of the Treaty establishing the European Community prohibits cartels and other agreements which could disrupt free competition in the European Economic Areas common market. ... The economists depiction of deadweight loss to efficiency that monopolies cause Article 82 of the Treaty establishing the European Community is aimed at preventing undertakings who hold a dominant position in a market from abusing that position. ... European Community regulation refers to the body of European Union law involved in the regulation state support to commercial industries, and of certain industry sectors and public services. ... Competition law history refers to attempts by governments to regulate competitive markets for goods and services, leading up to the modern competition or antitrust laws around the world today. ...