Category: Poop The Eternal Jew (German:Der ewige Jude): 1937 German poster advertising an antisemitic Nazi exhibition. ... For other uses, see Bible (disambiguation). ... A categorical and alphabetical list of people featured in the Bible. ... Set of implements used in the performance of brit milah, displayed in the Göttingen city museum Brit milah (Hebrew: בְרִית מִילָה [bÉ™rÄ«t mÄ«lā] literally: covenant [of] circumcision), also berit milah (Sephardi), bris milah (Ashkenazi pronunciation) or bris (Yiddish) is a religious ceremony within Judaism that welcomes infant Jewish... This article refers to Conservative (Masorti) Judaism in the United States. ... In Judaism, chosenness is the belief that the Jews are a chosen people: chosen to be in a covenant with God. ... Selection procedure of Hungarian Jews at the Auschwitz camp on 26 May 1944, where the Nazis chose whom to kill immediately and whom to use as slave labor or for medical experimentation. ... Halakha (Hebrew: הלכה; also transliterated as Halakhah, Halacha, Halakhot and Halachah) is the collective corpus of Jewish religious law, including biblical law (the 613 mitzvot) and later talmudic and rabbinic law as well as customs and traditions. ... In compiling the history of ancient Israel and Judah, there are many available sources. ... It has been suggested that Hasidic philosophy be merged into this article or section. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ... A Jewish holiday or Jewish Festival is a day or series of days observed by Jews as holy or secular commemorations of important events in Jewish history. ... Jewish services are the communal prayer recitations which form part of the observance of Judaism. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Judaism considers marriage to be the ideal state of existence; a man without a wife, or a woman without a husband, are considered incomplete. ... The Khazars (Heb. ... Kaddish (קדיש Aramaic: holy) refers to an important and central blessing in the Jewish prayer service. ... The circled U indicates that this product is certified as kosher by the Orthodox Union (OU). ... This article is about traditional Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism). ... Kingdom of Judah (Hebrew מַלְכוּת יְהוּדָה, Standard Hebrew Malḫut YÉ™huda, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ YÉ™hûḏāh) in the times of the Hebrew Bible, was the nation formed from the territories of the tribes of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin after the Kingdom of Israel was divided, and was named after Judah... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Mishnah (Hebrew משנה, repetition) is a major source of rabbinic Judaisms religious texts. ... Midrash (Hebrew: מדרש; plural midrashim) is a Hebrew word referring to a method of exegesis of a Biblical text. ... The Seven Noahide Laws (Hebrew: שבע מצוות בני × ×— Å baˤ miÅŸwōt bnÄ“-Noḥ), also called the Brit Noah (Covenant of Noah) mitzvot (commandments) and halakhot (laws) that are morally binding on non-Jews. ... Orthodox Judaism is the formulation of Judaism that adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized in the Talmudic texts (The Oral Law). Various Gaonim, Rishonim, and Acharonim expounded upon these same Talmudic texts. ... Reform Judaism can refer to (1) the largest denomination of Judaism in America and its sibling movements in other countries, (2) a branch of Judaism in the United Kingdom, and (3) the historical predecessor of the American movement that originated in 19th Century Germany. ... Reconstructionist Judaism is a movement of Judaism with a very liberal set of beliefs: an individuals personal autonomy should generally override traditional Jewish law and custom, yet also take into account communal consensus, modern culture is accepted, traditional rabbinic modes of study, as well as modern scholarship and critical... The role of women in Judaism is determined by the Hebrew Bible, Talmud (oral law), tradition and by non-religious cultural factors. ... For other uses, see Samaritan (disambiguation). ... The siddur (plural siddurim) is the prayerbook used by Jews over the world, containing a set order of daily prayers. ... Shabbat (שבת shabbāt, rest Hebrew, or Shabbos in Ashkenazic pronunciation), is the weekly day of rest in Judaism. ... At the bottom of the hands, the two letters on each hand combine to form יהוה (YHVH), the name of God. ... Poo Poo Tlak Torah () is a Hebrew word meaning teaching, instruction, or law. Itlucky is the central and most important document of Judaism revered by Jews through the ages. ... TaNaKh [תנ״ך] (also Tanach, IPA: or ), is an acronym that identifies the Hebrew Bible. ... The first page of the Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berachot, folio 2a The Talmud (תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history. ... The Tosefta is a second compilation of oral law from the period of the Mishnah. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Yahweh. ... Kislev (כִּסְלֵו, Standard Hebrew Kislev, Tiberian Hebrew KislÄ“w: from Akkadian kislimu) is the third month of the ecclesiastical year and the ninth month of the civil year on the Hebrew calendar. ... Poster promoting a film about Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s: Toward a New Life (in Romanian),The Promised Land (in Hungarian), the small caption (bottom) reads First Palestinian film with sound Zionism is a political movement that supports a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel, where... Abendana is the name of two Jewish theologians: Jacob Abendana Isaac Abendana This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Neviim [נביאים] or Prophets is the second of the three major sections in the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible). ... Nisan (נִיסָן, Standard Hebrew Nisan, Tiberian Hebrew Nîsān: from Akkadian nisānu, from Sumerian nisag First fruits) is the first month of the civil year and the seventh month (eighth, in leap year) of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar. ... Shemini Atzeret (שמיני עצרת - the Eighth [day] of Assembly) is a Jewish holiday celebrated on the 22nd day of the Hebrew month of Tishri. ... Lesko synagogue, Poland A synagogue (Hebrew: בית כנסת ; beit knesset, house of assembly; Yiddish: שול, shul) is a Jewish place of religious worship. ... Rabbi (Classical Hebrew רִבִּי ribbÄ«;; modern Ashkenazi and Israeli רַבִּי rabbÄ«) in Judaism, means teacher, or more literally great one. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root-word RaV, which in biblical Hebrew means great or distinguished, (in knowledge). In the ancient Judean schools (and among Sefaradim today) the sages... According to Jewish law, when Jewish children reach the age of maturity (12 years for girls, 13 years for boys) they become responsible for their actions. ... There are a number of basic Jewish principles of faith that were formulated by medieval rabbinic authorities. ... Haredi or Charedi Judaism, often referred to as Ultra-Orthodox Judaism, is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. ... Babylonian captivity also refers to the permanence of the Avignon Papacy. ... Rabbinic literature, in the broadest sense, can mean the entire spectrum of Judaisms rabbinic writing/s throughout history. ... The Gemara (גמרא - from gamar: Hebrew [to] complete; Aramaic [to] study) is a component of the Talmud, comprising the rabbinical commentaries and analysis on the Mishnah, undertaken in the Academies of Palestine and Babylon over a 300 year period to about 500. ... This article discusses the relationship between the various denominations of Judaism. ... The Romaniotes are a Jewish population who have lived in the territory of todays Greece for more than 2000 years. ... The Jewish Theological Seminary of America The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, known in the Jewish community simply as JTS, is one of the academic and spiritual centers of Conservative Judaism. ... The Tribe of Reuben (רְאוּבֵן, Standard Hebrew Rəʾuven, Tiberian Hebrew Rəʾûḇēn) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Reuben son of Jacob. ... The Hebrew Tribe of Naphtali (My wrestling), was founded by Naphtali, son of Jacob. ... This entry incorporates text from Eastons Bible Dictionary, 1897, with some modernisation. ... The Pharisees (from the Hebrew perushim, from parash, meaning to separate) were, depending on the time, a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple Era (536 BCE–70 CE). ... The Wandering Jew by Gustave Doré. See also Wandering Jew (plant) for information on the plants of the same name. ... The Lemba or Lembaa are a group of people numbering 70,000 in southern Africa. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (or USCJ; until 1992, it was the United Synagogue of America) is the official organization of synagogues practicing Conservative Judaism in North America. ... Yeshiva or yeshivah (Hebrew: ישיבה pl. ... Yid is the Yiddish word for Jew. ... Ein Yaakov is a compilation of all the Aggadic material in the Talmud together with commentaries. ... The Hebrew term mussar, while literally derived from a word meaning tradition, usually refers to Jewish ethics in general, or (and more commonly) refers to the Jewish ethics education movement that developed in the 19th century Orthodox Jewish European community, particularly in Lithuania. ... Sefer in simple Hebrew is a word that means any kind of book (plural sfarim. ... This is a timeline of the development of Judaism and the Jewish people. ... The tallit (Modern Hebrew: ) or tallet(h) (Sephardi Hebrew: ), also called talles (Yiddish), is a prayer shawl cloak that is worn during the morning Jewish services (the Shacharit prayers) in Judaism, during the Torah service, and on Yom Kippur. ... Tefillin (Hebrew: תפלין), also called phylacteries, are either of two boxes containing Biblical verses and black, leather straps attached to them which are used in rabbinic Jewish prayer. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim (Standard Hebrew: sing. ... {{Ethnic group| |image= |group=Sephardi |poptime=>1,700,000 |popplace=Israel: 950,000[1] United States: 150,000 [2] Turkey: 20,000[3] The Netherlands: 270 families Northern Africa: nn Europe (mostly in France): 600,000 Southern Africa: nn Oceania: nn |langs=*Liturgical:,[[Arabic],Sephardic Hebrew *Traditional: Ladino, Judæo... Marranos (Spanish and Portuguese, literally pigs in the Spanish language, originally a derogatory term from the Arabic محرّم muharram meaning ritually forbidden, stemming from the prohibition against eating the flesh of the animal among both Jews and Muslims), were Sephardic Jews (Jews from the Iberian peninsula) who were forced to adopt... The Baal Shem Tov Rabbi Israel (Yisroel) ben Eliezer (רבי ישראל בן אליעזר, August 27, 1698 – May 22, 1760) is considered to be the founder of Hasidic Judaism. ... Modern Orthodox Judaism (or Modern Orthodox, also known as Modern Orthodoxy and sometimes abbreviated as MO) is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize traditional observance and values with the secular modern world. ... () Kol Nidre (ashk. ... A hazzan or chazzan (Hebrew for cantor) is a Jewish musician trained in the vocal arts who helps lead the synagogue in songful prayer. ... The Maccabees (Hebrew: מכבים or מקבים, Makabim) Jewish rebels who fought against the rule of Antiochus IV Epiphanes of the Hellenistic Seleucid dynasty, who was succeeded by his infant son Antiochus V Eupator. ... For the tractate in the Mishnah, see Sanhedrin (tractate). ... Main article: Mitzvah 613 mitzvot (or 613 Commandments. ... Jewish philosophy refers to the conjunction between serious study of philosophy and Jewish theology. ... Agudath Israel of America or Agudas Yisroel of America or Agudas Yisrael of America or simply the Agudah (agudah is Hebrew for gathering or union ), is an Orthodox Jewish communal organization affiliated with the international Agudath Israel movement. ... The Hasmonean Kingdom (pronunciation) in ancient Judea and its ruling dynasty from 140 BCE to 37 BCE was established under the leadership of Simon Maccabaeus, two decades after Judah the Maccabee defeated the Seleucid army in 165 BCE. // Recorded history The origin of the Hasmonean dynasty is recorded in the... Liberal Judaism is a term used by some communities worldwide for what is otherwise also known as Reform Judaism or Progressive Judaism. ... The Australasian Union of Jewish Students (AUJS) is a federation of Jewish student societies at Australian and New Zealand universities and other higher education institutions. ... In the story of Xenogears, Shevat is the name of a country, named after the Hebrew month. ... The Star of David Modern Orthodox students proudly parade in Manhattan NY, with Israeli flags which have a Star of David at the center The Star of David in the oldest surviving complete copy of the Masoretic text, the Leningrad Codex, dated 1008. ... The vast territories of the Russian Empire once hosted the largest Jewish population in the world. ... The history of the Jews in the United States of America dates back to some of the earliest European colonies in what is now the USA, which for several decades prior to 2004 had the world’s largest Jewish population. ... Shema Yisrael (or Shma Yisroel or just Shema) (Hebrew: שמע ישראל; Hear, [O] Israel) are the first two words of a section of the Torah (Hebrew Bible) that is used as a centerpiece of all morning and evening Jewish prayer services and closely echoes the monotheistic message of Judaism. ... The Amidah (Standing), also called the Shemoneh Esreh (The Eighteen), is the central prayer in the Jewish liturgy that observant Jews recite each morning, afternoon, and evening. ... Crypto-Judaism is the secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing to be of another faith; people who practice crypto-Judaism are referred to as crypto-Jews. The term crypto-Jew is also used to describe descendants of Jews who still (generally secretly) maintain some Jewish traditions, often while adhering... Kutub al-Lughah is a work of Hebrew linguistics by Saadia Gaon, twelve Books on Language which are also designated as the twelve parts of a work entitled The Book on Language, in which, as the author himself states in his Sefer ha-Galui, he sought to explain the i... Haskalah (Hebrew: השכלה; enlightenment, intellect, from sekhel, common sense), the Jewish Enlightenment, was a movement among European Jews in the late 18th century that advocated adopting enlightenment values, pressing for better integration into European society, and increasing education in secular studies, Hebrew, and Jewish history. ... Mishnah Berurah (Hebrew: Clarified Teaching) is a work of halakha (Jewish law) by Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan, better known as The Chofetz Chaim (Poland, 1838 - 1933). ... Sephardic Judaism is used in this article to describe the religious practices of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews, so far as these are peculiar to themselves and not shared with other Jewish groups such as the Ashkenazim. ... Shulchan Aruch HaRav, or Shulkhan Arukh HaRav, (Code of Jewish Law by the Rabbi) is a codification of halakha by Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi, known during his lifetime as HaRav (The Rabbi). At a young age, Rabbi Shneur Zalman was asked by his teacher, Rabbi Dovber of Mezeritch to... Mitzvah (Hebrew: מצווה, commandment; plural, mitzvot; from צוה, tzavah, command) is a word used in Judaism to refer to (a) the commandments, of which there are 613, given in the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) or (b) any Jewish law at all. ... Mezuzah (מזוזה literally means a doorpost in Hebrew, plural: mezuzot) refers to one of the 613 commandments in Judaism, which requires that a small parchment (klaf) inscribed with two sections from the Torahs Book of Deuteronomy (6:4-9 and 11:13-21) be affixed to each doorpost and gate... The Siddur (prayerbook) of Saadia Gaon is the first known attempt to transcribe the weekly ritual of Jewish prayers for week-days, Sabbaths, and festivals. ... The Gruzim are Jews from the nation of Georgia, in the Caucasus. ... Iyar (Standard Hebrew אִייָּר Iyyar, Tiberian Hebrew אִיָּר ʾIyyār: from Akkadian ayyaru Rosette; blossom) is the eighth month of the ecclesiastical year and the second month of the civil year on the Hebrew calendar. ... Satellite image of the Land of Israel in January 2003, including portions of the State of Israel, Jordan, Egypt, and Lebanon. ... Tevet (טֵבֵת, Standard Hebrew Tevet, Tiberian Hebrew Ṭēḇēṯ: from Akkadian ṭebētu) is the fourth month of the ecclesiastical year and the tenth month of the civil year on the Hebrew calendar. ... Ketuvim is the third and final section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible). ... The term Jewish Renewal refers to a set of practices within Judaism that attempt to reinvigorate Judaism with mystical, Hasidic, musical and meditative practices. ... Cheshvan (חֶשְׁוָן, Standard Hebrew ḤeÅ¡van, Tiberian Hebrew ḪeÅ¡wān, ḤeÅ¡wān, short for מַרְחֶשְׁוָן, Standard Hebrew MarḥeÅ¡van, Tiberian Hebrew MarḫeÅ¡wān, MarḥeÅ¡wān: from Akkadian waraḫsamnu, literally eighth month) is the second month of the ecclesiastical year and the eighth month of... In Jewish folklore, Rahab is the name of a sea-demon, a dragon of the waters, the ruler of the sea. Rahab is or was the angel of insolence and pride, responsible for shaking the waters and producing big waves; he is also responsible for the roaring of the sea. ... In Jewish folklore Tannin is the name of a demon associated either with a dragon or a serpent. ... The term Jewish state is sometimes used to describe the State of Israel and refers to its status as a nation-state for the Jewish people. ... Shas logo Shas (Hebrew: שס) is an Israeli political party representing mostly Haredi Sephardi Jews. ... Project Ben-Yehuda aims to make accessible the classics of Hebrew literature (poetry and prose at first, and then essays etc. ... Jewish history is the history of the Jewish people, faith (Judaism) and culture. ... Jewish ethics stands at the intersection of Judaism and the Western philosophical tradition of ethics. ... The ziz is a giant bird in mythology, said to be large enough to be able to block out the sun with its wingspan; perhaps somewhat similar to a roc. ... Mitnagdim (also: misnagdim) is a Hebrew word (מתנגדים) meaning opponents; this term was used to refer to European religious Jews who opposed Hasidic Judaism. ... The Tribe of Asher (אָשֵׁר happy, Standard Hebrew AÅ¡er, Tiberian Hebrew ʼĀšēr) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Asher the eighth son of Jacob. ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... The cross of the war memorial and a menorah for Hanukkah coexist in Oxford. ... Yemenite Jews (תֵּימָנִי, Standard Hebrew Temani, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānî; plural תֵּימָנִים, Standard Hebrew Temanim, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānîm) are those Jews who live, or whose recent ancestors lived, in Yemen (תֵּימָן far south, Standard Hebrew Teman, Tiberian Hebrew Têmān), on the southern tip of the Arabian peninsula. ... The Masoretes (baalei masorah) were scribes based primarily in at least three places, Tiberias (the best known); Eretz Yisrael, or the land of Israel; and Babylonia. ... Semicha (סמיכה -- meaning leaning [of the hands] or סמיכה לרבנות -- rabbinical ordination) is a Hebrew word referring to what may be roughly translated as the ordination (in Hebrew: semichut סמיכות) of a rabbi within Judaism. ... Many Jewish denominations exist within the religion of Judaism; the Jewish community is divided into a number of religious denominations as well as branches or movements. ... In the religious writings of Kabbalah, Adam Kadmon is a phrase meaning Primordial Man, or Primal Man, comparable to the Anthropos of Gnosticism and Manichaeism. ... Vaad, also transliterated as Waad, is a Hebrew term for a council of rabbis. ... This is a partial chronology of hostilities towards or discrimination against the Jews as a religious or ethnic group. ... The Jewish diaspora (Hebrew: Tefutzah, scattered, or Galut, exile) is the dispersion of the Jewish people throughout the world. ... Jewish history in Poland 960 Jewish merchant from Spain, Ibrahim Ibn Jaqub (Abraham ben Jakov), travels to Poland and writes the first description of the country. ... Tzedakah (Hebrew: צדקה) in Judaism, is the Hebrew term most commonly translated as charity, though it is based on a root meaning justice (צדק). According to Maimonides, there are eight levels of tzedakah in Jewish tradition, ranging from publicly giving funds, so that the donor and recipient both know who each other... Judaisms view of Jesus per se reflects Jewish views of eschatology, the characteristics of the Messiah, the gift of prophecy, and the cosmological nature of God, which are derived from the Torah and Biblical prophecies expressed by Isaiah, Ezekiel, and others from Biblical times through the destruction of Solomon... Humanistic Judaism is a movement within Judaism that emphasizes Jewish culture and history, rather than belief in a supernatural god, as the sources of Jewish identity. ... Alternative Judaism refers to several varieties of modern Judaism which fall outside the common Orthodox/Non-Orthodox (Reform/Conservative/Reconstructionist) classification of the four major streams of todays Judaism. ... Monen is a Kabalistic term covering the branch of occultism that deals with the reading of the future by the computation of time and observation of planets and stars (astrology). ... Torah im Derech Eretz (Hebrew תורה עם דרך ארץ - Torah with the way of the land) is a philosophy of Orthodox Judaism articulated by Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808-1888), which formalizes a relationship between traditionally observant Judaism and the modern world. ... Jews and Judaism in China have had a long and often enigmatic history. ... Cochin Jews, also called Malabar Jews are the ancient Jews and their descendants of the South Indian erstwhile state of Kingdom of Cochin which includes the present day port city of Kochi. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... Slabodka yeshiva (Knesset Yisrael), was known colloquially as the mother of yeshivas (rabbinical seminaries). ... Mountain Jews, or Juhuro, are Jews of the eastern Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan. ... Chafetz Chayim (or Chofetz Chaim) (Hebrew: Seeker/Desire [of] Life חָפֵץ חַיִּים), is the name of the first book by Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan belonging to Orthodox Judaism. ... Leshon ha-Ra, or Loshon Hora, (the evil tongue in Hebrew) denotes gossip, slander, and defamation. ... Baal Shem in Hebrew translates as Master of the Name, and is almost always used in reference to Israel ben Eliezer, the Rabbi who founded Hasidic Judaism and was called the Baal Shem Tov. ... Nazoraean is the designation given to a first century offshoot of Nazarene Judaism by Epiphanius. ... Pool of a medieval mikvah in Speyer, dating back to 1128 First room in the medieval mikvah in Speyer Mikvah (or mikveh) (Hebrew: מִקְוָה; Tiberian Miqwāh, Standard Hebrew Miqva) (plural, mikvaot) is a ritual bath used for immersion in a purification ceremony within Judaism. ... A minyan (Hebrew: plural minyanim) is traditionally a quorum of ten or more adult (over the age of Bar Mitzvah) male Jews for the purpose of communal prayer; a minyan is often held within a synagogue, but may be (and often is) held elsewhere. ... Moed (Festivals) is the second Order of the Mishnah (also the Tosefta and Talmud), Of the six orders of the Mishna, Moed is the third shortest. ... Listed below are some Hebrew prayers and blessings that are part of Judaism that are recited by many Jews. ... Counter-Missionaries are Jews who defend Judaism against the Christian claims that Jesus is the Messiah, and comprise members from all Jewish sects. ... Genesis Rabba, (Breshit Rabba in Hebrew), is a religious text holy to classical Judaism. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... Beth midrash (or Beit Midrash or Bais Medrash or Bais Medrish) (plural battei midrash) literally means a House of Interpretation or Lecturing or Learning in Hebrew. ... Havdalah, also spelled Habdalah or Havdala, is a Jewish ceremony that formally concludes the Shabbat (weekly day of rest) and Yom Tov (Jewish holidays). ... The Minor Tractates are essays from the tannaitic period or later dealing with topics about which no formal tractate exists in the Mishnah. ... The Jerusalem Talmud (In Hebrew Talmud Yerushalmi, in short known as the Yerushalmi), also known as the Palestinian Talmud, like its Babylonian counterpart (see Babylonian Talmud), is a collection of Rabbinic discussions elaborating on the Mishnah. ... Jews in apostasy are those Jews who have abandoned Judaism and have joined another religion. ... Karaite Judaism is a Jewish denomination characterized by the sole reliance on the Tanakh as scripture, and the rejection of the Oral Law (the Mishnah and the Talmud) as halakha (Legally Binding, i. ... The Chayot or Hayyoth (Hebrew חַיּוֹת living beings) are a class of Merkabah, or Jewish Mystical Angels, on the same level as the Christian cherubim, and residing in the seventh heaven. ... Conversion to Judaism (Hebrew גיור, giur, conversion) is the religious conversion of a previously non-Jewish person to the Jewish religion. ... The Mizrachi (acronym for Merkaz Ruchani or religious centre) is the name of the religious Zionist organization founded in 1902 in Vilna at a world conference of religious Zionists called by Rabbi Yitzchak Yaacov Reines. ... Shor Yoshuv is a yeshiva (Jewish religious college). ... The Abayudaya (Abayudaya is Luganda for People of Judah[2][3], analogous to Children of Israel) are a Baganda community in eastern Uganda near the town of Mbale, who practice Judaism. ... African Jew has a variety of meanings: Scattered African groups who have not historically been part of the international Jewish community, but who claim ancestry to ancient Israel or other connections to Judaism and who practice Jewish rituals or those bearing resemblance to Judaism. ... Main article: Anti-Semitism The term The New anti-Semitism was coined at the outset of the 21st century to describe waves of attacks around the globe directed at Jews, Jewish organizations, Israel, and Zionism. ... Categories: Judaism-related stubs | Jewish texts ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Targum Pseudo-Jonathan. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... The Jewish languages are a set of languages that developed in various Jewish communities, in Europe, southern and south-western Asia, and northern Africa. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... Tohorot (The Order of Purities) is the sixth order of the Mishnah (also the Tosefta and Talmud). ... Hod in the Kabbalah of Judaism is the eighth sephira of the Kabbalistic Tree of Life. ... Daf Yomi (Heb. ... Ravnet is the private, unmoderated discussion group of the Conservative Rabbinical Assembly (RA). ... Schutzjude, means Protected Jew, a status for German Jews granted by the royal courts. ... Repentance in Judaism known as Teshuva (literally means Returning in Hebrew), is the way of atoning for sin in Judaism. ... The Mishnaic Hebrew language or Rabbinic Hebrew language is the ancient descendant of Biblical Hebrew as preserved by the Jews after the Babylonian captivity, and definitively recorded by Jewish sages in writing the Mishnah and other contemporary documents. ... The Yemenite Hebrew language or Temani Hebrew language is a descendant of Biblical Hebrew traditionally used by Yemenite Jews. ... The Beta Israel (Geez ቤተ፡ እስራኤል BÄ“ta Isrāēl, Amharic BÄ“te Isrāēl, from Hebrew for House of Israel), also known by the term Falasha (Amharic for Exiles or Strangers, as they were called by non-Jewish Ethiopians), a term that may be considered pejorative, are Jews of Ethiopian... Nissim Ezekiel, Leading English Language Indian Poet Nissim Ezekiel (December 24, 1924 - January 9, 2004) was a poet, playwright and art critic. ... Movement of Humanistic Judaism founded by Rabbi Sherwin Wine. ... The Sanaani Hebrew language is the variety of Yemenite Hebrew formerly spoken liturgically by the Jewish community in and around Sanaa, Yemen. ... A beth din (בית דין, Hebrew: house of judgment, plural battei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. ... Elon or Ilan ( אִילָן (Hebrew)) is a Jewish masculine name of Hebrew origin. ... This article is about the history of the Jewish people in England. ... Aish HaTorah Center opposite the Western Wall in Jerusalem Aish HaTorah (Fire of the Torah) is an Orthodox Jewish outreach organization and yeshiva to persuade Jewish people to become more observant. ... The Nine Days are the first nine days of the Jewish month of Av. ... The Three Weeks are days of mourning commemorating the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem within Judaism. ... The Jehoshua Movement popularised by Rabbi Ben Pandera remembered the title Moses gave the Ephraimite Hoshea Ben Nun, and understood it as a position of office heralding the messianic era. ... Baal-Perazim - Owner of Breakings Through - was a place in ancient Israel. ... The Pápai Rebbe with New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg Puppa is the name of a Hasidic group within Judaism. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... Here is a list of some prominent (non Latin-) Caribbean Jews, arranged by country of origin. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... Progressive Judaism is an umbrella term for all strands of Judaism which do not view the oral law as binding. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... The Encyclopaedia Judaica is a 26-volume English-language encyclopedia of the Jewish people and their faith, Judaism. ... Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion (also known as HUC or HUC-JIR) is the main seminary for training rabbis, cantors, educators and communal workers in Reform Judaism. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... List of Jewish figures from the Hebrew Bible. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... This article lists the ethnonyms of the Jewish people in various linguistic contexts. ... Keter (Crown; כתר) also known as Kether in the Kabbalah of Judaism, is the topmost of the Sephirot, or Tree of life (Kabbalah). ... The story of the cultural and historical background of Jesus is the story of a tempestuous time when Rabbinic Judaism and Christianity first diverged. ... Court Jew (from German: Hofjude(n), Hoffaktor) is a term for historical Jewish bankers or businessmen who lent money and handled finances of some of the Christian European noble houses. ... Medzhybizh (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Polish: MiÄ™dzybórz, MiÄ™dzyborz or MiÄ™dzybóż, Yiddish: Mezbizh) is a city in Letychivskyi rayon (Летичівський район), Khmelnytska oblast, Western Ukraine. ... The Synagogue Council of America was an organization of American Jewish synagogue associations, founded in 1926, including : The Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America (Orthodox) The Rabbinical Council of America (Orthodox) The United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (Conservative) The Rabbinical Assembly (Conservative) The Union of American Hebrew Congregations (Reform... Tammuz (תמוז, Standard Hebrew Tammuz, Tiberian Hebrew Tammûz) This is the tenth month of the ecclesiastical year, the seventh month of the Arabic calendar, and the fourth month of the civil year on the Hebrew calendar. ... Sefer Torah being read during weekday service. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... Selichot (Heb. ... Dates of Jewish emancipation. ... Tzaphqiel is the Archangel of Binah on the Tree of Life, ruled by the name IHVH Elohim and ruling the angelic choir Aralim. ... Who is a Jew? (Hebrew: ) is a religious, social and political debate on the exact definition of which persons can be considered Jewish. ... Rabbinic Judaism (or in Hebrew Yahadut Rabanit - יהדות רבנית) is a Jewish denomination characterized by reliance on the written Torah as well as the Oral Law (the Mishnah, Talmuds and subsequent rabbinic decisions) as halakha (Legally Binding, i. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... In Israel, the Neeman Committee was established to solve disputes concerning the process of conversion to Judaism within the borders of Israel, which by the Law of Return also grants automatic citizenship and accompanying rights. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... Italkim (Hebrew for Italians; pl. ... Tzitzit (Ashkenazi pronunciation: tzitzis) are fringes or tassles (Hebrew: ציצת (Biblical), ציצית (Mishnaic)) found on a tallit worn by observant Jews as part of practicing Judaism. ... EDAH is a Modern Orthodox Jewish organization, generally associated with the liberal wing of Modern Orthodoxy. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... The Yiddish Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement which began among Jews in Eastern Europe during the latter part of the 19th Century. ... Theli (or ThLi, Thele, Teli, TLI, Tali) is the name of the great dragon according to the Sefer Yetzirah. ... Sam Miller-Eisentein is a member of Jews Against the Occupation who interrupted a 2004 speech by Dore Gold, a former Israel ambassodar to the United Nations: Dore Gold is an architect of the spin that the killing of Palestinian civilians and the destruction of Palestinian society somehow constitute a... A shomer (plural Shomrim) is a Jewish custodian. ... Maymin - ancestor of historic, religious Maimonidies, a recognized Rabbi of the 12th century. ... Sefer Zadok is the name of a Sadduccean text, containing the doctrines of the Saducees, allegedly being written by their founder, Zadok. ... An Atheist Jew is a member of the Jewish community who does not believe in God but still considers himself or herself a Jew. ... For other uses, see Agron. ... Derekh Hashem (The Way of God), written in the 1730s, is a philosophical classic text systematizing the basic principles of Jewish belief regarding the existence of God, Gods purpose in Creation, and the logical consequence of other concepts in Judaism, by Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto, the author of the... Moment magazine is a popular non-sectarian, politically diverse, religiously inclusive bi-monthly Jewish publication produced in the United States. ... The Book of Jashar by Benjamin Rosebaum is a fictional translation of the Book of Jasher mentioned in Joshua and in II Samuel of the King James version of the Holy Bible. ... The Chofetz Chaim Heritage Foundation (established in 1989) is an Orthodox Judaism organization based in Monsey, New York dedicated to spreading the teachings of Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan who was known as the Chofetz Chaim ( חָפֵץ חַיִּים Seeker [of] Life... Hallel (Hebrew: הלל Praise [God]) is part of Judaisms prayers, a verbatim recitation from Psalms 113-118, which is used for praise and thanksgiving that is recited by observant Jews on Jewish holidays. ... Freilekhs is an Ashkenazic folk dance. ... Canada has the worlds fourth-largest Jewish population. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Bukharan Jews (Bukhoran Jews, Bukharian Jews) is a blanket term for Jews from Central Asia who speak Bukhori, a dialect of the Persian language. ... Look up Jew in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... See related article Judaism by country. ... Persecution of Jews includes various persecutions that the Jewish people and Judaism have experienced throughout Jewish history. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Jewish leadership: Since 70 AD and the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem there has been no single body that has a leadership position over the entire Jewish community. ... Schisms among the Jews: // First Temple era Based on the historical narrative in the Bible and archeology, Levantine civilization at the time of Solomons Temple was prone to idol worship, astrology, worship of reigning kings, and paganism. ... Jews in the Middle Ages : The history of Jews in the Middle Ages (approximately 500 CE to 1750 CE) can be divided into two categories. ... The history of the Jews of France dates back over 2,000 years. ... German Jews have lived in Germany for over 1700 years, through both periods of tolerance and spasms of anti-Semitic violence, culminating in the Holocaust and the destruction of the Jewish community in Germany and much of Europe. ... (In particular, more links are needed. ... Jewish population refers to the number of Jews in the world, something that is difficult to calculate, given the constant debates of the definition of Jew. ... Gilgul or gilgul neshamot or Gilgulim neshamot refers to the concept of reincarnation within the Kabbalah of Judaism. ... Jewish shop (Le Marais, Paris) // Unlike most other cuisines, Jewish cuisine - because of sheer age of the worldwide Jewish diaspora - is not one unified cuisine, but collective of worldwide traditions of cookery linked together by general conformity of local cuisine to the rules of kashrut, the Jewish dietary laws. ... The Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR), founded in 1889, is the principal organization of Reform Jewish rabbis in the United States. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... DziatÅ‚ava (Belarusian: , Lithuanian: Zietela, Yiddish: Zietil) is a town in Belarus in the Hrodna voblast, about 165 km southeast of Hrodna. ... The history of the Jewish people in the Americas dates back to Christopher Columbus and his first cross-Atlantic voyage on August 3, 1492, when he left Spain and eventually discovered the New World. ... World Agudath Israel (The World Israelite Union) was established in the early twentieth century as the political arm of Orthodox Judaism. ... The term yekke (adjective: yekkish) is a generally jovial, derogatory term used to refer to Jews originating from Germany. ... Excluding the region of Palestine, and omitting the accounts of Joseph and Moses as unverifiable, Jews have lived in what are now Arab states at least since the Babylonian Captivity (597 BCE), about 2,600 years ago. ... El Ghriba is an ancient synagogue on the Tunisian island of Djerba. ... Neolog is a mild reform movement within Judaism, mainly in Hungarian-speaking regions of Europe, beginning in the late 19th century. ... It has been suggested that Lists of Jews by country be merged into this article or section. ... // Indian Jews are a religious minority, living among Indias predominantly Hindu populace. ... There have been organized Jewish communities in Greece for more than two thousand years. ... The History of the Jews in Ireland extends back nearly a thousand years. ... Bukharan Jews got their name from the Uzbek city of Bukhara, which once had a large community. ... The Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA) is an international news agency serving Jewish community newspapers and media around the world. ... Ashkenazi Jews praying in the Synagogue on Yom Kippur. ... United Synagogue is an organization of London Jews that was founded with the sanction of an act of parliament, in 1870. ... Torah reading (in Hebrew: Kriat HaTorah or Reading [of] the Torah) has followed a steady pattern for the past two thousand years following the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem and is still practiced by Orthodox Judaism and its adherents. ... Maftir is the final section of the weekly parsha read on Shabbat and holiday mornings in synagogue from a Torah scroll. ... The Qalal was a copper urn which contained the Ashes of the Red Heifer. ... The asor (Hebrew: ; Hebrew for ten eÅ›er [ayin shin resh עשר) was a musical instrument of ten strings mentioned in the Bible, about which authors are not agreed. ... Shamsiel, also spelled Shamshel or Shamshiel, was the 16th Watcher of the 20 leaders of the 200 fallen angels that are mentioned in an ancient work called the Book of Enoch. ... United Monarchy - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Rabbi Yochanan Twersky of Rachmastrivka (1903-1982) The Rachmastrivka Rebbe from Borough Park Rachmastrivka is the name of a group within Hasidic Judaism. ... This page is a list of Jews. ... The Kaifeng Jews comprise the best documented Jewish community in China. ... The Tomb of The Matriarchs in Tiberias, Israel is the supposed burial place of several Biblical women. ... Negiah (× ×’×™×¢×” meaning contact or connection or touch in Hebrew) is a notion in Jewish law (Halakha) that restricts (or forbids) physical contact with, or touching of, a member of the opposite sex (particularly in an erotic manner), except for ones spouse, and immediate family such as children younger than... Synagogue music (or synagogal music) is the study of the usage of music in all its forms as it developed and was practiced in the synagogues of Judaism over the centuries. ... Olam katan (Hebrew: Small World) is a concept of Jewish philosophy that certain concepts mirror (in a kind of microcosm) the world as a whole (the macrocosm.) Its use probably originates from the Midrash (a section of the Midrash collection Otzar ha-Midrashim bears the title). ... Siyum Hashas is the completion of the Daf Yomi program, a seven and a half year cycle of learning the Oral Torah also know as the Gemora. Jews all around the world celebrated the Siyum Hashas on March 1, 2005, with the biggest celebration occurring at the Madison Square Garden... The Krymchaks (sg. ... Note: This list is for those who cannot be placed into the List of Jewish Biblical figures and the List of rabbis, because they were part of other religious movements. ... Nigun (pl. ... National Jewish Television is a Jewish television channel sandwiched between TBN and EWTN every Sunday from 1:00-4:00. ... Min, minim or minuth are terms from the Talmud to refer to those considered apostates from Judaism. ... Ein Sof (Hebrew: without end denoting boundlessness), also known as Divine Being, is the name for God, within the Kabbalah of Judaism, as he is unknown, or the mysterious and ultimate source of all existence. ... Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS was created in November of 1998 to unite efforts aimed at restoring Jewish life, culture and religion in the post-Soviet states to the pre-pogrom status quo. ... Bais Rivka (or Beth Rivkah) is the name used for the Bais Yaakov-type private girls schools of the Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic movement. ... The Tablets of Stone or Stone Tablets, also known as the Tablets of Law, (in Hebrew: Luchot HaBrit - the tablets [of] the covenant) refers to the two pieces of special stone inscripted with the Ten Commandments when Moses ascended Mount Sinai as recorded in the Book of Exodus. ... Juhuri, Juwri or Judæo-Tat is the traditional language of the Juhurim or Mountain Jews of the eastern Caucasus Mountains, especially Dagestan. ... Rabbi Moshe haDarshan was chief of the school of Narbonne, and perhaps the founder of Jewish exegetical studies in France. ... The Three Pilgrimage Festivals, known as the Shloshet ha Regalim in Hebrew, are three major festivals in Judaism (Passover (Pesach), Shavuot (the Biblical Pentecost), and Sukkot (Tabernacles)) when the Israelites living in ancient Israel and Judea, would make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, as commanded by the Torah. ... Hakham or Chacham (Hebrew חכם lit. ... Brit shalom (Hebrew covenant of peace) is a naming ceremony for boys that is intended to replace the traditional brit milah ceremony as an initiative by some, more liberal, Jews that do not approve of circumcision. ... Judeo-Malayalam is the traditional language spoken by the Cochin Jews (also called Malabar Jews), from Kerala, in southern India, spoken today by about 8,000 people in Israel and by probably fewer than 100 in India. ... The Paradesi Jews, also sometimes called White Jews, although that usage is generally considered pejorative or descriminatory, refers to relatively recent Jewish immigrants (15th Century onward), predominantly Sephardim and Mizrahim, into Kerala, in southwestern India. ... The Bnei Menashe (Children of Menasseh, Hebrew בני מנשה) are a group of nearly 8,000 people from Indias remote northeastern border states of Manipur and Mizoram who claim descent from the Tribe of Manasseh. ... The logo of Kehot Publication Society. ... The chanuyot (or chanuyos in Ashkenazic Hebrew) was the storehouse for the Temple in Jerusalem, where the Priests (Kohanim) and Levites stored the accoutrements for the daily functioning of the Temple. ... This is all Bull Crap. ... The Sassover Rebbe, Rabbi Simcha Rubin Ztl The Sasover dynasty began with Rabbi Moshe Leib of Sassov (1745-1807), a disciple of Rabbi Dovber of Mezritch, the disciple of the Baal Shem Tov, the founder of Hasidism. ... The Shotzer Chassidim are based in London, England. ... Jewish children in Iran in a specially designated Jewish school. ... A Gabbai (Hebrew: גבאי) is a person who assists in the running of a synagogue and ensures that the Jewish prayers run smoothly that and other needs are met. ... Lithuanian School of Kabbalah located at Kaunas, Lithuania, is a new Haredi innovative school of Kabbalah, based on the old Lithuanian Kabbalah. ... The Marzeah Papyrus from the Ink & Blood exhibition The Marzeah Papyrus is an inscribed strip of papyrus that is claimed to be the oldest known Hebrew manuscript in the world, allegedly from the 7th century BCE. The document appeared in the antiquities market in 1990. ... The Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service (German: Österreichischer Gedenkdienst) is an alternative to Austrias compulsory national military service. ... A view of the interior of Bnei Yisrael synagogue Bnei Yisrael ( Bnai Israel ) is the only Karaite synagogue in the United States. ... The Trial of the Talmud is one of a series of disputations that took place in Europe during the Middle Ages, a group of rabbis were called upon to defend the Talmud. ... Av (אָב, Standard Hebrew Av, Tiberian Hebrew ʾĀḇ; from Akkadian abu) is also the eleventh month of the ecclesiastical year and the fifth month of the civil year on the Hebrew calendar. ... Halakha (Jewish law) makes a distinction between what is kosher most of the year and during Passover. ... Humash or Chumash (Hebrew: חומש) is one name given to the Pentateuch in Judaism. ... Pilpul refers to a method of studying the Talmud through intense textual analysis in attempts to reconcile any possible contradictions presented from various readings of different texts. ... Jewish views on evolution includes a continuum of views about evolution, creationism, and the origin of life. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Isidor Kaufman was a painter of Jewish themes. ... The Hebrew Academy of the Five Towns and Rockaway, or HAFTR, is a left wing Modern Orthodox Jewish day school with classes from preschool-12. ... This article may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to enhance clarity. ... Devequt or devekut or dvekus (Heb. ... A kumzits is typically preformed after the Jewish Shabbath when everybody sits together, be it on the floor or in chairs, and sings slow, moving songs. ... Chokhmah or chochmah or hokhmah, (חכמה) is the Hebrew word for wisdom. A wise man is a chacham (feminine: chachama). ... Chortkov has no real Rebbe today. ... Sulitz is a Hasidic dynasty originating in Hungary. ... The Ruzhin dynasty was founded by Rav Yisroel Friedman. ... Sasregen is a Hasidic dynasty from Hungary. ... Raziel (Hebrew RZIAL: secret[s] [of the] Lord), is an archangel within the teachings of Jewish mysticism (of the Kabbalah of Judaism) who is the Keeper of Secrets and the Angel of Mysteries. In some teachings he is said to be a Cherub, as well as the chief of the... Orach Chayim is a section of Rabbi Jacob ben Ashers compilation of Jewish Law, Arbaah Turim, that treats all aspects of Jewish Law primarily pertinent to the Jewish calendar (whether the daily, weekly, monthly, or annual calendar). ... Yoreh Deah is a section of Rabbi Jacob ben Ashers compilation of halakha (Jewish law), Arbaah Turim. ... Chesed (Mercy; חסד) is the fourth Sephirah on the tree of life in the Kabbalah of Judaism. ... Tiphereth (Glory; תיפארת) or Tifereth, Tipheret, Tiferet, or rahamin (mercy in Hebrew in the Kabbalah of Judaism is the sixth Sephirah on the tree of life. ... Tarnopol Voivodeship bis 17 September 1939, location the city Buchach (Ukrainian: ; Polish: ; Yiddish: בעטשאָטש, translit. ... Taanit is a fast in the Jewish religion. ... The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ... This article incorporates text from the public domain 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia Egyptian Jews constitute perhaps the oldest Jewish community in the world. ... Matan is a Hebrew name coming from the word gift and literally means giving. ... The magical Shamir was a substance with the power to alter stone, iron and diamond. ... Omer is an ancient unit of measure (approx. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... A yad (Hebrew: יד), literally, hand, is a Jewish ritual pointer, used to point to the text when reading from the parchment Torah scrolls. ... Mazel Tov (Hebrew: - Mazal tov) means good luck/fortune in Hebrew and incorporated into Yiddish, and is now used in English as well. ... Between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur are ten days, known as Aseret Yemei Teshuva. ... Interior of the Amsterdam Esnoga: We see the tebáh (reader’s platform) in the foreground, and the Hekhál (Ark) in the background. ... A Project of Guideline Services, Lubavitch House 125 Montgomery Avenue, Suite A3 Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004 610-660-0190 Donate Online Who are we? The Jewish Relief Agency is an organization whose aim is to identify and feed needy Jewish families. ... Symmetrical arrangements of texts and genealogies into tesseradecads were common Jewish customs. ... The Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre was founded in 1979 by a group of survivors of the Holocaust around Steven Cummings. ... Boaz and Jachin were the name of the two pillars that stood on the eastern porch of Solomons Temple, the first temple in Jerusalem (1 Kings 7:21; 2 Kings 11:14; 23:3). ... The JerUSAlem Connection, International is is a 501 (c)-(3) non-profit organization whose main objectives are to educate, inform and activate, Christian and Jews regarding: 1. ... Atziluth is the highest of 4 worlds in which exists the kabbalistic Tree of life. ... Beriah is the second of 4 worlds in the kabbalistic Tree of Life. ... This article is about the religious attributes. ... Lamden is a late Hebrew expression for a man who is well informed in rabbinical literature, although not a scholar in the technical sense of the term (talmid hakham); it does not seem to have been used before the 18th century. ... A chavurah חבורה (Hebrew: fellowship, plural chavuroth) is a form of minyan (Hebrew: congregation) which assembles around the anarchist principles of free association and mutual aid, placing emphasis on egalitarianism as a central organizing principle. ... Keilim (כלים, literally Vessels) is the first tractate in the Order of Tohorot in the Mishnah. ... Oholot (אוהלות, literally Tents) is the second tractate of the Order of Tohorot in the Mishnah. ... Associated Hebrew Schools of Toronto is a private traditional elementary (nursery to Grade 5) and middle school (Grade 6 to Grade 8) Jewish day school with three campuses in Toronto, Ontario and one campus in Thornhill, Ontario. ...