A series of articles on the United States Immigration Debate In 2004, United States President George W. Bush proposed a guest worker program to absorb migrant laborers who would otherwise come to the U.S. as illegal aliens. ...

Issues Illegal immigration Trafficking in human beings Labor shortage Terrorism U.S-Mexico Border NAFTA FTAA Visa caps Image File history File links US_Department_of_Homeland_Security_Seal. ... Illegal immigration to the United States refers to the act of moving to or settling in the United States temporarily or permanently in violation of U.S. immigration and nationality law. ... Trafficking in human beings is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of people for the purpose of exploitation. ... A Labor shortage is an economic condition in which there are insufficient qualified candidates (employees) to fill the market-place demands for employment at any price. ... Terrorist redirects here. ... The border between Mexico and the United States spans four U.S. states, six Mexican states, and has over twenty commercial crossings. ... NAFTA redirects here. ... This article or section needs to be updated. ... For the 1983 Genesis song, see Illegal Alien (song) Illegal immigration refers to migration across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. ...

Proposed Solutions STRIVE Act (2007) DREAM Act Guest worker program H.R. 4437 (December 2005) S. 2611 (May 2006) Immigration reduction Free migration Legalization Jackson Lee (2005) McCain-Kennedy (2005) SKILL (2006) REAL ID (2005) Border Fence (2006) The Security Through Regularized Immigration and a Vibrant Economy Act of 2007 or STRIVE Act of 2007 is proposed United States legislation designed to address the problem of illegal immigration. ... The Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act (also called The DREAM Act) is a bipartisan bill pending in the U.S. congress that would provide a path to legal status for individuals who were brought to the U.S. as undocumented children years ago but who since then... The Guest worker program is a program that has been proposed many times in the past and now also by U.S. President George W. Bush as a way to permit U.S. employers to sponsor non-U.S. citizens as laborers for approximately three years, to be deported afterwards... Radio Station advertisement in Spanish in East Los Angeles against the H.R.4437. ... Senate Bill 2611 (Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act) (abbreviated CIRA), is a United States Senate bill dealing with immigration reform. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Legalization is the process of removing a legal prohibition against something which is currently illegal. ... In 2004, United States President George W. Bush proposed a guest worker program to absorb migrant laborers who would otherwise come to the U.S. as illegal aliens. ... Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act (S. 1033) or the McCain-Kennedy Bill is a comprehensive immigration reform bill discussed in the United States Senate during the Summer of 2005, which was first of its kind since the early 2000s in incorporating legalization, guest worker programs, border enforcement components. ... S. 2691/ H. R. 5744, also known as the “Securing Knowledge Innovation and Leadership Act of 2006”, or the “SKIL Bill” from its acronym and rhyme, is targeted at increasing legal immigration of scientific, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workers into the United States by increasing the quotas on the... The REAL ID Act of 2005 is Division B of an act of the United States Congress entitled Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005, Pub. ... President George W. Bush signs the Secure Fence Act of 2006, in the Roosevelt Room on October 26, 2006. ...

Action 2006 Protests In 2006, millions of people were involved in protests over a proposed reform to existing United States immigration laws. ...

Organizations CCIR, NIF, FIRM, WAAA, NCLR, LULAC, FAIR, Minuteman Project, MCDC, Cal. CIR, SOS, CIS, NumbersUSA, ICE NAOC Logo The Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform (CCIR), also known as CCIR/NAOC or New American Opportunity Campaign is a non-profit immigrant rights advocacy organization based in Washington, DC, established in 2003 to pass comprehensive immigration reform. ... The National Immigration Forum was established in 1982, dedicated to increasing public support for admitting larger numbers of immigrants and refugees into the United States. ... The Center for Community Change (CCC) is one of the larger community building organizations in the United States. ... The We Are Americe Alliance (WAAA) is a national alliance of immigrant rights organizations and allies in the United States that work towards social justice, including comprehensive immigration reform and immigrants civic participation. ... The National Council of La Raza (NCLR) is a non-profit, and non-partisan political advocacy group in the United States. ... LULAC is an organization which strives for rights for Hispanic Americans. ... The Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) is an immigration reduction organization in the United States, founded in 1979 by John Tanton. ... The Minuteman Project is a border security project started in April 2005 by a group of private United States individuals to monitor the United States–Mexico borders flow of illegal immigrants, although it has expanded to include the United States-Canada border as well. ... The Minuteman Civil Defense Corps, often confused with The Minuteman Project, Inc. ... California Coalition for Immigration Reform (CCIR) is a political advocacy group devoted to immigration reduction, based in Huntington Beach, California. ... Save Our State logo Save Our State redirects here. ... The Center for Immigration Studies (CIS) is a nonpartisan immigration reduction-oriented, non-profit research organization and was founded in 1985. ... NumbersUSA is an immigration reduction organization whose intent is to reduce United States annual immigration to pre-1965 levels, but without the country of origin quotas that were in place during this period. ... Immigration and Customs Enforcement logo Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is the largest investigative arm of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and is responsible for identifying and dismantling vulnerabilities regarding the nations border, economic, transportation and infrastructure security. ...

Past Laws Naturalization Act (1795) 14th Amendment (1868) Chinese Exclusion (1882) Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 Asian Exclusion (1924) Bracero Program (1942-64) INS Act (1965) IRCA (1986) IIRIRA (1996) The first naturalization law in the United States was the 1795 Naturalization Act which restricted citizenship to free white persons who had resided in the country for five years. ... Amendment XIV in the National Archives The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. ... The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law passed on May 6, 1882, following 1880 revisions to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. ... A Gentlemens agreement is an informal agreement between two parties. ... President Coolidge signs the immigration act on the White House South Lawn along with appropriation bills for the Veterans Bureau. ... The Bracero Program was originally a binational temporary contract labor program initiated, in August 1942, by an exchange of diplomatic notes between the United States and Mexico after a series of negotiations. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Immigration and Nationality Act. ... The Immigration Reform and Control Act (Simpson-Mazzoli Act, IRCA, Pub. ... The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, Pub. ...

This box: view • talk • edit

Immigration reduction refers to movements active within the United States that advocate a reduction in the amount of immigration allowed into the United States or other countries. This can include a reduction in the numbers of legal immigrants, advocating stronger action be taken to prevent illegal immigration, and reductions in non-immigrant temporary work visas (such as H-1B and L-1 in the United States). What separates it from others who want immigration reform is that reductionists see immigration as being the source of most social, economic, and environmental problems, and wish to cut current immigration levels. Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... For the 1983 Genesis song, see Illegal Alien (song) Illegal immigration refers to migration across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. ... The H-1B is a non-immigrant visa category provided for in the Immigration & Nationality Act, section 101(a)(15)(H) that allows American companies and universities to temporarily employ foreign workers who have the equivalent to a US Bachelors Degree. ... An L-1 visa is a visa document used to enter the United States for the purpose of work in L-1 status. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Many immigration reductionists support continued legal immigration, only opposing illegal immigration; some want legal immigration to be set at a percentage of current levels until no adverse affects are created by legal immigration^[1].

History of the immigration reduction movement

There are several discernible groups within the movement, with separate interests, origins, and aims. The modern immigration reduction movement has many antecedents. Some cite the nativist United States American Party (often called the Know Nothing movement) of the 19th century and the Immigration Restriction League of the early 20th century as antecedents.^{[citation needed]} Although opposition to immigration is a feature of all countries with immigration, the term nativism originated in American politics has a specific meaning. ... The Know-Nothing movement was a nativist American political movement of the 1850s. ... The Know-Nothing movement was a nativist American political movement of the 1850s. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Immigration Restriction League was founded in 1894 by a group of Bostonians, (people from Boston, Massachusetts) who sought to make literacy a requirement for admission into the United States. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999...

Organized labor and parts of the political left have also had an ongoing debate over immigration levels into the U.S. going back to the 19th century. The National Labor Union (1866-1874) campaigned for immigration restrictions as well as the eight-hour workday, as did the American Federation of Labor under the leadership of Samuel Gompers. The AFL-CIO did not reverse its position on immigration restrictions until 1999. The early United States Socialist Party was split over the issue, with some Socialist leaders including Jack London and Congressman Victor Berger supporting immigration restrictions; the party as a whole never had a consensus, and only went on record in opposition to the importation of strikebreakers. A union (labor union in American English; trade union, sometimes trades union, in British English; either labour union or trade union in Canadian English) is a group of workers who act collectively to address common issues. ... In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... The National Labor Union was the first national labor federation in the United States. ... The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was one of the first federations of labor unions in the United States. ... Samuel Gompers (January 26, 1850 - December 13, 1924) was an American labor and political leader. ... American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, commonly AFL-CIO, is a national trade union center, the largest federation of unions in the United States, made up of 54 national and international unions (including Canadian), together representing more than 10 million workers. ... The Socialist Party of America is a socialist political party in the United States. ... Jack London (January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916),[1][2][3] was an American author who wrote The Call of the Wild and over fifty other books. ... Victor Luitpold Berger (February 28, 1860 - August 7, 1929) was a United States politician and a founding member of the Socialist Party of America. ...

A separate issue with some overlap was concern over overpopulation. The leading early influence on that issue was Paul R. Ehrlich, who both founded Zero Population Growth and published The Population Bomb in 1968. The popular book foretold alarming disasters that would inevitably occur in the next decades. Though some of his predictions did not come to pass, many believe his main points are valid, and they succeeded in inspiring a movement. Environmentalists including David R. Brower and David Foreman took the threat seriously. The Zero Population Growth organization did not involve itself, for the most part, in U.S. immigration policy, and a subset of the overpopulation movement grew which believed that immigration needed to be reduced, arguing that immigration was driving most U.S. population growth. These activists founded organizations separate from ZPG which would specifically address immigration issues. Among the important early organizations was Negative Population Growth, founded in 1972 by Donald Mann. Map of countries by population density (See List of countries by population density. ... Paul Ralph Ehrlich (born May 29, 1932 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a Stanford University professor and a renowned entomologist specializing in Lepidoptera (butterflies). ... Population Connection is an organization in the United States, formerly known as Zero Population Growth. ... The Population Bomb (1968) is a book written by Paul R. Ehrlich. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday. ... David Ross Brower (July 1, 1912 – November 5, 2000) was the founder of many environmentalist organizations including the Sierra Club Foundation, the John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies, Friends of the Earth (1969), the League of Conservation Voters, Earth Island Institute (1982), North Cascades Conservation Council, and Fate of... Dave Foreman (born 1947) is a US environmentalist and co-founder of the radical environmental movement Earth First! The son of a US Air Force career officer, as a young man Foreman was influenced by the writings of Ayn Rand and supported the Vietnam War. ... Negative Population Growth is a membership organization in the United States, founded in 1972. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

The leading inspiration for the modern movement is John Tanton, a self-described progressive and critic of neoclassical economics.[1] Tanton founded the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) in 1979, the largest and best funded organization in the movement. Three years later, Tanton formed US, Inc. as an incubator and funding source to help form other organizations. According to public tax records, US, Inc, FAIR, and other Tanton organizations have received large donations from the Pioneer Fund and from the foundations controlled by Richard Mellon Scaife. Tanton created US English (an English-only advocacy group), the Center for Immigration Studies (CIS), ProEnglish (another English-only advocacy group), and The Social Contract Press. US, Inc and FAIR have provided funding and logistical support to other organizations, including American Immigration Control Foundation (AICF), California Coalition for Immigration Reform (CCIR), Californians for Population Stabilization (CAPS), and the recent Protect Arizona Now (PAN) initiative, Proposition 200. The Pioneer Fund has been frequently linked to the Eugenics movement; FAIR denies any connection between itself and eugenics[2]. John H. Tanton, M.D. is a retired eye surgeon from Petoskey, Michigan, the founder of U.S. English, the founding chairman of ProEnglish, and publisher of The Social Contract Press, serving as editor for its first eight years. ... Progressive can refer to: Progressive music, including Progressive rock, Progressive metal and Progressive electronica Political Progressivism Several Progressive Parties Progressive Era in the United States (1890-1913) Progressive, a company providing auto insurance The Progressive, a left-wing monthly magazine The progressive tense in grammar Progressive lenses, used to correct... Neoclassical economics refers to a general approach (a metatheory) to economics based on supply and demand which depends on individuals (or any economic agent) operating rationally, each seeking to maximize their individual utility or profit by making choices based on available information. ... The Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) is an immigration reduction organization in the United States, founded in 1979 by John Tanton. ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... The Pioneer Fund is a foundation that claims to have played a significant role in research on heredity and human personality differences since its 1937 founding, particularly in intelligence. ... Richard Mellon Scaife (born July 3, 1932, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), a U.S. billionaire and owner–publisher of the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. ... The Center for Immigration Studies (CIS) is a nonpartisan immigration reduction-oriented, non-profit research organization and was founded in 1985. ... ProEnglish is a non-profit organization which lobbies for the use of the English language in the United States. ... The Social Contract Press states that it is an educational and publishing organization advocating open discussion of such related issues as population size and rate of growth, protection of the environment and precious resources, limits on immigration, as well as preservation and promotion of a shared American language and culture. ... American Immigration Control Foundation (AIC Foundation) is an American political group devoted to reducing uncontrolled immigration. ... California Coalition for Immigration Reform (CCIR) is a political advocacy group devoted to immigration reduction, based in Huntington Beach, California. ... The Protect Arizona Now (PAN) initiative (designated Proposition 200) is a law passed November 2, 2004 by the voters of the U.S. state of Arizona. ... Eugenics is the self-direction of human evolution: Logo from the Second International Congress of Eugenics, 1921, depicting it as a tree which unites a variety of different fields. ...

The movement seemed to be triumphant in 1994 when California voters passed Proposition 187, an initiative which limited benefits to illegal aliens that had been authored and promoted by CCIR. However it turned out to be a Phyrric victory. One federal judge enjoined implementation of parts of the law as unconstitutional, and Democratic governor Gray Davis refused to pursue an appeal of the lower court decision, abandoning Proposition 187. Residual resentment over the racially divisive campaigns on both sides of the issue made immigration a topic that politicians largely avoided dealing with. A notable exception has been Tom Tancredo, who was elected to Congress from Littleton, Colorado in 1994. Together with Patrick Buchanan and the Tanton network, Tancredo has emerged as the most conspicuous voice advocating immigration reform in Congress. 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... California Proposition 187 was a proposition introduced in California in 1994 to deny illegal immigrants social services, health care, and public education. ... A Pyrrhic victory (pronounced pirric) is a victory which comes at heavy cost to the victor. ... Joseph Graham Davis Jr. ... Thomas Gerard (Tom) Tancredo (born December 20, 1945) is an American politician from the Republican Party. ... The City of Littleton is a home rule municipality located in the Denver Metropolitan Area of the State of Colorado. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Patrick Buchanan Patrick Joseph Buchanan (born November 2, 1938), usually known as Pat Buchanan, is an American conservative journalist and a well known television political commentator. ...

The immigration reduction movement was partly rejuvenated by The Alliance for Stabilizing America's Population coalition. In 1997 members from a range of immigration reduction and environmental organizations met to rededicate themselves to the effort of population stabilization. Organized by Population-Environment Balance, it included such diverse groups as: 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Brotherhood Organization of a New Destiny (BOND)
• California Coalition for Immigration Reform (CCIR)
• California Wildlife Defenders (CWD)
• Californians for Population Stabilization (CAPS)
• Carrying Capacity Network (CCN)

A smaller effort was the coalition formed under the name U.S. Sustainable Population Policy Project (USS3P) in 1996 by Douglas La Follette and David Pimentel. The USS3P membership contained many immigration reductionists of the time. In 1999 it sought cosponsors for a major national conference on immigration. A number of major individuals and minor organizations joined as co-sponsors, but no large national groups joined and it folded in 2000 without holding the intended conference. California Coalition for Immigration Reform (CCIR) is a political advocacy group devoted to immigration reduction, based in Huntington Beach, California. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Douglas LaFollette (born June 6, 1940) is a United States politician in the state of Wisconsin. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

The Internet offered new opportunities for communication by immigration reductionists, as it has with countless other movements. Peter Brimelow founded his VDARE writers collective in 1999. The year 1999 also saw the founding by Craig Nelson of ProjectUSA in New York City, which used billboards to advertise Census Bureau and other statistics about immigration in a campaign dubbed "Billboard Democracy," and publishes an ezinein which the term "Minuteman" was first used (2002) in connection with civilian border patrols. The NumbersUSA group founded by Roy Beck set up automated system for website visitors to send advocacy faxes to their legislators on immigration topics. Numerous websites, email lists, weblogs, and other resources furthered the effort. Peter Brimelow Peter Brimelow (born 1947) is a British-American financial journalist and author. ... Peter Brimelow founder of VDARE VDARE.com, or VDARE, is a website that advocates reduced immigration into the United States. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Craig T. Nelson Craig T. Nelson (born Craig Richard Nelson on April 4, 1944 in Spokane, Washington) is an American actor. ... ProjectUSA was founded in 1999 by Craig Nelson, a former Manhattan restaurateur. ... The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... NumbersUSA is an immigration reduction organization whose intent is to reduce United States annual immigration to pre-1965 levels, but without the country of origin quotas that were in place during this period. ... Roy Beck is a former journalist and public policy analyst who has served as the Executive Director of NumbersUSA since 1997. ...

The electoral success of Arizona's Proposition 200, PAN, indicates the support for immigration reductionism among voters. The PAN initiative qualified for the ballot following the expenditure by FAIR of hundreds of thousands of dollars for signature gathering, plus comparable sums for campaigning with some additional amounts raised locally. The initiative was adopted by the public by a significant margin and is likely to inspire similar efforts in other states. The success of Proposition 200 in Arizona was followed in April 2005 by the Minuteman Project, in which volunteers came to Arizona to help patrol the border, although this project did not have the support of the United States Border Patrol and generated some controversy. The organizers of the Minuteman Project have announced plans for similar projects in other states including Texas, California, and Michigan. Official language(s) English Capital Phoenix Largest city Phoenix Area  Ranked 6th  - Total 113,998 sq mi (295,254 km²)  - Width 310 miles (500 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 0. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Minuteman Project Civil Defense Corps was started in April 2005 by a group of American citizens to deter illegal crossings of the United States–Mexico border. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Official language(s) No Official Language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... Official language(s) English Capital  Sacramento Largest city  Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Area  Ranked 11th  - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 491 miles (790 km)  - % water 41. ...

History references

• A letter from Samuel Gompers, 1921
• The Auburn University Plainsmen: It's always a Virginian" (profile of Brimelow)
• USS3P Archive
• Alliance for Stabilizing America's Population
• SPLC The Puppeteer

Reasons for reducing immigration

Among the claims that immigration reductionists use to support advocacy for lower immigration numbers:

• The majority of the population growth in the U.S. was and is due to immigration. Advocates of zero population growth and others concerned with overpopulation and other environmental issues are often attracted to immigration reductionism because of this.

• Continued strong population growth through immigration drives up demand for housing. Although various factors, such as interest rates, impact housing prices, high population growth conflicts with goals for "affordable housing."

• High levels of immigration may be seen as providing a steady source of cheap or low-wage labor to corporations. This can be seen as detrimental to wage levels in the U.S., and as a threat to the ability of labor unions to organize workplaces, with the threat always present that if workers organize they can easily be replaced by cheaper legal or illegal labor.

• Sometimes, the reason is cultural. Some believe the high levels of immigration into the U.S., whether legal or illegal, are at rates too high to allow recent immigrants to assimilate into U.S. society, and especially discourages recent immigrants from learning the English language.

• Illegal immigration is often seen as symptomatic of widespread lawbreaking by employers, who hire workers illegally in the country in order to escape wage, workplace safety, and labor laws. This is especially a problem in the agriculture sector, where it is estimated that over 80% of workers are in the country illegally. Supporters and critics of the movement debate over whether these workers could easily be replaced by legal workers being paid in accordance with wage laws.

• Temporary work visas are often used to replace high-wage workers in industries such as computer programming and engineering with lower-wage workers imported from other countries. This is seen by many as closely related to the practices of outsourcing and offshoring of jobs.

• Illegal immigrants are associated by some with crime. It has been stated that in Los Angeles, 95 percent of outstanding warrants for homicide (which total 1,200 to 1,500) and up to two-thirds of all fugitive felony warrants (17,000) are for illegal aliens.[3]

For the organization formerly known as Zero Population Growth, see Population Connection. ... Map of countries by population density (See List of countries by population density. ... For the psychology topic, see Environmental psychology. ... A corporation (usually known in the United Kingdom and Ireland as a company) is a legal entity (distinct from a natural person) that often has similar rights in law to those of a Civil law systems may refer to corporations as moral persons; they may also go by the name... A wage is the amount of money paid for some specified quantity of labour. ... A union (labor union in American English; trade union, sometimes trades union, in British English; either labour union or trade union in Canadian English) is a legal entity consisting of employees or workers having a common interest, such as all the assembly workers for one employer, or all the workers... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... A BlueGene supercomputer cabinet. ... Engineering is the design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ... Outsourcing entered the business world in the 1980s and often refers to the delegation of non-core operations from internal production to an external entity specializing in the management of that operation. ... Offshoring describes the relocation of business processes from one country to another. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ...

Target immigration levels

Immigration reductionists differ on the ideal level of immigration they would like to see into the United States. Some believe the numbers should be set each year at whatever level would, in conjunction with the current fertility rate and emigration from the U.S., maintain zero population growth in the country. The most prominent immigration reductionist in government today is U.S. Congressman Tom Tancredo R-CO. Tancredo has authored a bill that calls for limiting annual immigration to between 30,000 and 300,000. The organization, Population-Environment Balance (PEB), has issued a Immigration Moratorium Action Plan [4] calling for a "non-piercable" cap of 100,000 persons annually, which would be a 95% cut from current levels. Carrying Capacity Network (CCN), another small reductionist group closely related to PEB, shares that goal while repeating that it is not opposed to immigration. The (total) fertility rate of a population is the average number of child births per woman. ... Thomas Gerard (Tom) Tancredo (born December 20, 1945) is an American politician from the Republican Party. ...

There are also some who support a complete cutoff of legal and illegal immigration. The Diversity Alliance for a Sustainable America claims that 43% of Californians polled said that a 3-year moratorium on immigration would be beneficial to the state (compared to 40% who said it would be unbeneficial).[5] The America First Party calls for a ten-year moratorium, with only spouses and children of citizens allowed in. [6] Other advocates for total bans or moratoriums include, the Reform Party[7] and 2004 Constitution Party presidential candidate Michael Peroutka [8]. Robert Locke surpasses them by calling for a negative immigration rate. He has defined this as restricting immigration to the U.S. to what he calls the "normal" (i.e., pre-1965) average flow of immigrants throughout U.S. history, combined with the deportation of all illegal immigrants.[9] The America First Party is the name of multiple United States political parties throughout history. ... The Reform Party of the United States of America (abbreviated Reform Party USA or RPUSA) is a political party in the United States, founded by Ross Perot in 1995 who said Americans were disillusioned with the state of politics – as being corrupt and unable to deal with vital issues – and... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Constitution Party is a conservative third party in the United States, whose membership mainly comprises paleoconservatives. ... Michael Peroutka Michael Anthony Peroutka (born 1952) is a Maryland lawyer, the founder of the Institute On The Constitution and once held a position in the United States Department of Health and Human Services. ... Robert Locke is a former editor for FrontPage Magazine. ...

The Carrying Capacity Network (CCN) and Population-Environment Balance, two small groups which both operate out of the same Washington, D.C. address, issue frequent statements that advocating for the numbers recommended by the Jordan Commission, 700,000 annually, is "counter-productive". In a National Alert the CCN warned that organizations supporting numbers higher than 300,000 undercut the movement, and they specifically criticize the Federation for American Immigration Reform and NumbersUSA. [10]

Some groups not connected to the immigration reduction movement nonetheless support a reduction to legal immigration levels of around 500,000 to 600,000. In their 1997 book, Misplaced Blame, Alan Durning and Christopher Crowther of Northwest Environment Watch write that illegal immigration gets too much attention, and identify five main sources of population growth, including lack of access to family planning as well as a misguided legal immigration policy, and subsidies to domestic migration. They readily admit that immigation should be reduced by an unspecified amount, but they also show concern for the rights of existing residents. [11]. The AFL-CIO and some mainstream environmentalist groups used to be on record favoring lower immigration numbers, although most have quietly dropped this position in recent years. Oral contraceptives. ... Bold textHello ...

Proposed methods of reducing illegal immigration

The main focus of some immigration reduction groups is protecting the nation's borders by increasing border security. Others focus on lobbying to lower future illegal immigration levels through congressional action, and to fight amnesties for existing illegal immigrants. It has been suggested that Interest representation: Academic overview be merged into this article or section. ...

Many immigration restrictionists question the Supreme Court ruling Plyler v. Doe which implies that any individual born on US soil or of citizen parents is themselves a citizen and guaranteed all the rights thereof. They feel that citizenship should be denied to the children of immigrants without valid immigration status. Thus they have sought to end Birthright citizenship or what they call the anchor baby loophole through a constitutional amendment or a congressional act. Plyler v. ... Jus soli (Latin for right of the territory), or birthright citizenship, is a right by which nationality or citizenship can be recognised to any individual born in the territory of the related state. ... An anchor baby is a term used by opponents of illegal immigration to refer to a child born to illegal immigrants to the United States as a means for the parents to attain citizenship or residency rights. ...

Denial of public benefits to undocumented individuals is believed to remove the incentives and rewards for illegal immigrants. The 1994 California Proposition 187 and the 2004 Arizona Proposition 200 Protect Arizona Now were written to require proof of legal status in order to receive non-mandated benefits. 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... California Proposition 187 was a 1994 ballot initiative designed to deny illegal immigrants social services, health care, and public education. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Protect Arizona Now (PAN) initiative (designated Proposition 200) is a law passed November 2, 2004 by the voters of the U.S. state of Arizona. ...

Criticism of immigration reductionism

Many who support reduced immigration numbers oppose association with the more extreme groups. [12]. The Federation for American Immigration Reform has spoken out in 2004 against the views of another reductionist leader, Virginia Abernethy, calling her views "repulsive separatist views," and called on her to resign from the advisory board of Protect Arizona Now in Arizona. The two groups closely associated with Abernethy, Population-Environment Balance and the Carrying Capacity Network, have been issuing statements since 2003 accusing FAIR and NumbersUSA of being "reform lite" and "undermining real immigration reform." PEB and CCN are also critical of FAIR for FAIR's support of a national ID card, which PEB and CCN oppose. The Protect Arizona Now movement split, with two rival state-level organizations, one supported by FAIR, the other supported by PEB and CCN, working to support the passage of the ballot initiative. Virginia Abernethy (born in 1934) is an American professor (emeritus) of psychiatry and anthropology at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. ...

See also

• Anchor baby
• Chain migration
• English-only movement
• H.R. 4437
• S. 2611
• Nativism (politics)
• Immigration reform
• Overpopulation
• Population growth
• Economic impact of immigration to Canada

An anchor baby is a term used by opponents of illegal immigration to refer to a child born to illegal immigrants to the United States as a means for the parents to attain citizenship or residency rights. ... Chain migration refers to the mechanism by which foreign nationals are allowed to immigrate by virtue of the ability of previous immigrants to send for their adult relatives. ... English-only movement, called also Official English movement by its supporters, refers to a political movement for the use only of English language in public occasions through the establishing of English as the explicitly only official language in the United States. ... Radio Station advertisement in Spanish in East Los Angeles against the H.R.4437. ... Senate Bill 2611 (Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act) (abbreviated CIRA), is a United States Senate bill dealing with immigration reform. ... Although opposition to immigration is a feature of all countries with immigration, the term nativism originated in American politics has a specific meaning. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Map of countries by population density (See List of countries by population density. ... Human population increase from 10,000 BC – 2000 AD. Population growth is change in population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals in a population per unit time. ... The Economic impact of immigration to Canada is a controversial topic in Canada. ...

References

• Robert Locke: Quantifying Immigration Reduction
• Alien Nation: Common Sense About America's Immigration Disaster, Peter Brimelow, Random House, 1995, ISBN 0-679-43058-X
• Christopher Hayes: Keeping America Empty

External links

Selected organizations promoting immigration reduction to varying degrees:

• Report illegal aliens and illegal employers
• Team America PAC
• H.R. 946 The Mass Immigration Reduction Act of 2003 (The Tancredo bill)
• American Renaissance
• American Resistance Foundation
• Americans for Better Immigration
• Californians for Population Stabilization
• Carrying Capacity Network
• Center for Immigration Studies
• Civil Homeland Defense Corps
• Coalition for the Future American Worker
• Diversity Alliance for a Sustainable America
• Federation for American Immigration Reform
• Negative Population Growth
• Numbers USA
• POP*STOP
• Population-Environment Balance
• ProjectUSA
• Terry Anderson Show
• VDARE.COM
• American Patrol
• Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) - Anti-Immigration Groups